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The Protection Effect of Topical Cocoa Extract on Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer (CPD) Formation and Tissue Neutrophil in Mice Induced by Ultraviolet B
Utin Variantini,
Safruddin Amin,
Anni Adriani,
Idham Jaya Ganda,
Gemini Alam,
M. Husni Cangara
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
160-165
Received:
18 September 2016
Accepted:
27 September 2016
Published:
19 October 2016
Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dangerous effects on the skin that may cause multiple clinical and cellular effects, which will produce DNA damage characterized by formation of photoproducts such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), and acute inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration in the skin tissues. Cocoa flavanols are natural anti inflammatory molecules that has a role in preventing cutaneous UV damage. The aims of this study are to assess protection effects of topical cocoa extract against formation of CPD and tissue neutrophils caused by ultraviolet B radiation. This study is a true experimental study using mice as animal model, conducted at animal laboratory of Hasanuddin University and Sentra Diagnostic Patologia Laboratory from April to Mei 2016. Total of samples were 30. Protection effects of CPD formation occur with application of 200 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 60% and 40%, respectively. There was an increased in protection with application of 400 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 80% and 20%, respectively, and there was decrease of protection with application of 800 ppm cocoa extract, with frequency of negative and weak CPD expression were 40% and 60% respectively. The group which only exposed with UVB has higher mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=10,4), and groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract have lowest mean of tissue neutrophils (mean=1,4). There was no significant differences between groups with application of 400 ppm and 800 ppm cocoa extract. The best protection effects on CPD formation and tissue neutrophil achieved with application 400 ppm of cocoa extract.
Abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has dangerous effects on the skin that may cause multiple clinical and cellular effects, which will produce DNA damage characterized by formation of photoproducts such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), and acute inflammation characterized by neutrophil infiltration in the skin tissues. Cocoa flavanols are natural ant...
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Pattern of Esophageal Cancer in Sudan
Ali Adam Elhadi,
Hyder Osman Mirghani,
Yassin Ibrahim,
Ibrahim Abdullah Albalawi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
166-169
Received:
26 September 2016
Accepted:
5 October 2016
Published:
27 October 2016
Abstract: Objectives: Carcinoma of the esophagus is the eights common cancer worldwide causing a lot of morbidity and mortality, defining the risk factors could aid prevention. In the current study, we aimed to explore the pattern of esophageal cancer in Sudan. Methods: Seventy-two patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and diagnosed with esophageal cancer were studied in the endoscopy unit of Omdurman Teaching Hospital during the period November 2013 to April 2016. Endoscopy was doneand histopathology reported for all patients. Information collected were: demographic data, symptoms due to esophageal cancer, associated risk factors, type and site of the lesion. Results: Out of the seventy-two patients with esophageal carcinoma their ages ranged from 31-93 years with a mean of 62.57±15.1years, 40.1% were males. The commonest presentation was dysphagia (98.6%) followed by loss of weight (93.1%). The majority were adenocarcinomas [80.6%], 91.6% occur in middle and lower thirds of the esophagus. Reflux esophagitis was reported in 40.3%, achalasia in 29.3%, while hot drinks consumption was reported in 20.8%. A significant statistical difference was evident between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma regarding Achalasia presentation P-value< 0.05, no significant differences were found regarding age, sex, reflux esophagitis, hot and spicy food, and obesity P-value> 0.05. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma was commoner than squamous cell carcinoma, with the lower third of the esophagus more involved. A significant statistical difference was found between squamous cell adenocarcinoma and regarding achalasia., no significant differences were found regarding age, sex, reflux esophagitis, hot and spicy food, and obesity.
Abstract: Objectives: Carcinoma of the esophagus is the eights common cancer worldwide causing a lot of morbidity and mortality, defining the risk factors could aid prevention. In the current study, we aimed to explore the pattern of esophageal cancer in Sudan. Methods: Seventy-two patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and diagnosed with eso...
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Effectivity of Preovulation Phase Autologous Serum Application on Moderate-Severe Acne Vulgaris Patients
Nurhayati Edison,
Safruddin Amin,
Khairuddin Djawad,
Raden Satriono,
Yohanes Widodo,
Marianti A. Manggau
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
170-178
Received:
16 September 2016
Accepted:
28 September 2016
Published:
10 November 2016
Abstract: Acne vulgaris (AV) is the most common skin disease, including in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the effectivity of preovulation phase autologous serum application in patients with moderate-severe AV. This research was conducted in Makassar, South Sulawesi. Thirteen patient samples with moderate-severe AV who have met the inclusion criteria were taken from Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Public Senior High School, and Medical Faculty of Hasanuddin University Laboratory. The method used is clinical trial. The examination was done by observing the clinical manifestations, sebum level using 815 sebumeter, and estradiol level examination. All patiens were given the same autologous serum treatment which is applied once a day every night and followed-up on day 21 and day 42. The data were processed using paired t test and Fisher’s exact test. The result showed that there were improvements in clinical manifestation and decreased sebum level after autologous serum application (p < 0.05) on day 21 compared to day 1, on day 42 compared to day 21, and day 42 compared to day 1. Preovulation estradiol level were higher than the estradiol level on menstruation or in lutheal phase (p < 0.05). There were no significant relationship between routine activity, familial history, peanuts, chocolate, spicy and oily food consumption, wearing cosmetics, stress, and squeezing pimples (trauma) with number of acne lesion and sebum level (p < 0.05).
Abstract: Acne vulgaris (AV) is the most common skin disease, including in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the effectivity of preovulation phase autologous serum application in patients with moderate-severe AV. This research was conducted in Makassar, South Sulawesi. Thirteen patient samples with moderate-severe AV who have met the inclusion crite...
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Evaluation of Anti-ulcerogenic Activity in Oil Extract of Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) Against Ethanol Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice (Mus musculus)
Syamsu Rijal,
Upik Anderiani Miskad,
Djumadi Achmad,
Rina Masadah,
Dasril Daud,
Cahyono Kaelan,
Halida Rahawarin,
Swandari Paramita,
Yadi Yasir
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
179-184
Received:
3 October 2016
Accepted:
22 October 2016
Published:
14 November 2016
Abstract: Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases, including gastric ulcer. However, there are no scientific data demonstrating anti-ulcerogenic activity conferred by use of jintan hitam. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiulcer properties of oil extract from jintan hitam. In the gastric ulcer induced by administration of 80% ethanol model, observation made for ulcer score and index, level of ulcer erosion, total amount of polymorphonuclear cells and morphological change of 80% ethanol induced gastric ulcer of mice. Research was conducted on laboratory in Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin from April to September 2015, with post test only experimental group design. There were 40 mice used in this research, divided into five groups, each group consisted of 8 mice: negative control group, positive control group, and three different doses of oil extract (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 ml per 20g bw of mice). Observation made for 4 and 7 days. The oil extract of jintan hitam showed significant differences on doses of 0.1 ml per 20g bw of mice given in 4 days, with p = 0.034 (p<0.05) based on score and index of gastric ulcer.
Abstract: Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases, including gastric ulcer. However, there are no scientific data demonstrating anti-ulcerogenic activity conferred by use of jintan hitam. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiulcer properties of oil extract from jintan hitam. In the gastric u...
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Impact of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis on School Attendance and Performance
Kamrul Laila,
Mujammel Haque,
Md. Mahbubul Islam,
Mohammad Imnul Islam,
Manik Kumar Talukder,
Shahana Akhter Rahman
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
185-190
Received:
23 September 2016
Accepted:
21 October 2016
Published:
14 November 2016
Abstract: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) includes a group of disorders characterized by chronic arthritis. It is the most common chronic rheumatic illness in children and is a significant cause of morbidity, disability and dysfunction. Therefore, the potential for school attendance and academic performance become compromised and these children are often confronted with educational difficulties. Objectives: To assess the impact JIA on academic difficulty, academic performance, potential causes of absenteeism, school failure and relationship between schooling and different types of JIA. Materials and Methods: All school going JIA patients between 6-16 years of age who had at least 2 years of schooling (1 year before disease onset and 1 year during the course of disease) were included for the analysis. Two hundred JIA patients were selected by purposive sampling method. A detailed questionnaire was completed for each participant which included socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, data related to schooling, academic difficulties and their causes, absenteeism and causes, sports and cultural activities, school failure and school re-entry if any. Fifty four controls were taken who were the healthy sibs of those JIA patients having at least 2 previous years of schooling. Results: Mean age of JIA patients were 10.8 years, 67% were male and male female ratio was 2:1. Academic difficulties were observed for reading, writing and both due to disease process and deformity. Number of absent days and poor attendance in examination was significantly higher in JIA patients (p value < 0.001). Moreover, in case group, only 18% had improved result than the academic year prior to disease onset, 3% had no change, 57% deteriorated and 22% stopped schooling. There were 44 cases of school failure among JIA patients, 30 had school re-entry. No children had school failure or re-entry among the control group. Multiple causes of absenteeism like flare, hospitalization, side effects of drugs, movement difficulties, parental non-interest and some other factors like rainfall, delayed rising from sleep etc co-existed for most of the cases. In control group, mean percentage of absenteeism was 1.6%, mostly due to some febrile illness, cold weather, rainfall, lack of transport, sickness of caregiver etc. Children who did not participate in sports activities were 9.3% in control group and 48.5% in case group (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: It is evident from this study that JIA has negative impact on schooling characterized by poor attendance and academic performance.
Abstract: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) includes a group of disorders characterized by chronic arthritis. It is the most common chronic rheumatic illness in children and is a significant cause of morbidity, disability and dysfunction. Therefore, the potential for school attendance and academic performance become compromised and these children are often...
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Effects of Preventive Long-Term Treatment with Strontium Ranelate and Zoledronic Acid on Bone Quality in Ovariectomized Rats
Marta Martín-Fernández,
Marina Gómez-Chinchón,
Luis Álvarez,
Blanca Torrubia,
Manuel Díaz-Curiel,
David Guede,
Jose Ramón Caeiro,
Cristobalina Rodríguez-Álvarez,
Concepción de la Piedra
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
191-200
Received:
3 September 2016
Accepted:
18 September 2016
Published:
15 November 2016
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the effects on bone quality produced by long-range treatment with zoledronic acid (ZA) or strontium ranelate (SrR) in ovariectomized rats. Sixty 6-month-old female Wistar rats were divided: SHAM (n=15), simulated intervention; OVX (n=15), ovariectomized; OVX+ZA (n=15), ovariectomized treated with ZA (0.083 mg/kg i. v. at the beginning of the study); and OVX+SrR (n=15), ovariectomized treated with SrR (0.033 g/kg/day by oral gavage). Rats were sacrificed 8 months later. Femoral (F) and lumbar (L) bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular and cortical microstructure, biomechanical testing and Raman spectrometry were performed. FBMD and LBMD decreased in OVX rats with no changes with SrR. ZA treatment prevented changes to BMD. Ovariectomy produced a reduction in micro-CT parameters, while SrR treatment did not avoid these changes. ZA treatment increased micro-CT parameters with respect to the SHAM group. The microstructural parameters of the cortical region were not modified in any of the groups. Ovariectomy produced a decrease in biomechanical parameters that was maintained with SrR. ZA treatment produced an increase in these parameters being higher than those of the SHAM group. Ovariectomy and treatments did not produce differences in crystallinity or substitution index. Mineralization index (MI) decreased in the OVX group. SrR did not revert this effect though ZA avoided it. According to our results preventive treatment with SrR did not revert the alterations in bone quality due to ovariectomy in rats. Treatment with ZA not only reverted the effects of ovariectomy, but also improved bone quality with respect to control rats.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the effects on bone quality produced by long-range treatment with zoledronic acid (ZA) or strontium ranelate (SrR) in ovariectomized rats. Sixty 6-month-old female Wistar rats were divided: SHAM (n=15), simulated intervention; OVX (n=15), ovariectomized; OVX+ZA (n=15), ovariectomized treated with ZA (0.083 mg/kg i....
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Many Infectious Human Diseases Can be Arrested with Oxygen
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
201-203
Received:
29 July 2016
Accepted:
29 October 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
Abstract: Many bacteria and viruses that cause dangerous diseases for all living things, appeared on Earth when there was no oxygen on the planet. Therefore, they are anaerobe organisms. Atmospheric oxygen is baleful for them. In case of a disease, the oxygen delivery arrest the infection and cancer cells.
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Inhalation of Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers Facilitates Silica Particle Clearance in a Rat Silicosis Model
Wen-Chuan Li,
Nai-Fang Fu,
Jun-Cai Wu,
Xian-Jun Li,
Rui-Hui Pan,
Yan-Yan Zheng,
Yong-Jin Gan,
Jian-An Ling,
Heng-Qiu Liang,
Dan-Yu Liang,
Jing Xie,
Zhi-Chao Dong,
Sheng-Jun Jiang
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
204-211
Received:
22 November 2016
Published:
24 November 2016
Abstract: Background: Millions of workers globally are afflicted by pneumoconiosis, a disease caused by inhaling dust or particles. A particularly prevalent form is silicosis, caused by inhaling silica particles. The Chinese herbal medicine kombucha, which contains Gluconacetobacter xylinus and yeasts, can effectively clear dust from rats’ lungs. The study presented here assessed the potential effectiveness of inhalable bacterial cellulose nanofibers (IBCNs) prepared from G. xylinus cultures for facilitating clearance of silica particles in a rat silicosis model. Methods: For this purpose, 50 mg portions of silica dust were injected into lungs of rats, which were subsequently exposed to IBCNs for a month. The treatment’s effects were then evaluated by examining the extent and severity of histopathological lesions in the animals’ lungs, analyzing gas contents of blood samples, and determining organ coefficients, lung collagen contents, lungs’ dry and wet weights, silica particle clearance rates, and both numbers and types of cells in lung lavage fluid. Results: IBCN inhalation was found to relieve the detrimental effects of silica exposure and facilitated silica particle clearance in a rat silicosis model. Unexpectedly, our results also indicated that saline inhalation also strongly stimulates silica particle clearance from rat lungs. Conclusions: These results provide the first evidence for a functional effect of IBCN inhalation in a rat silicosis model, indicating that bacterial cellulose nanofiber inhalation can facilitate silica particle clearance. Further studies are required to determine whether these effects are mediated by IBCN and define the mechanisms involved. The findings also indicate that salt water may effectively clear dust from lungs, thereby alleviating risks of silicosis and reducing risks associated with haze and smog.
Abstract: Background: Millions of workers globally are afflicted by pneumoconiosis, a disease caused by inhaling dust or particles. A particularly prevalent form is silicosis, caused by inhaling silica particles. The Chinese herbal medicine kombucha, which contains Gluconacetobacter xylinus and yeasts, can effectively clear dust from rats’ lungs. The study p...
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Severe Impaired Bone Formation was Induced by Short-Term Fasting in Adult Mice
Jiajing Chen,
Rui He,
Juan Li,
Yan Zhang,
Jinwei Qi,
Xianghui Meng,
Yuying Wang
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
212-215
Received:
6 December 2016
Published:
7 December 2016
Abstract: The alterations in bone metabolism were associated with food and nutrition. Regrettably is that no studies have analyzed the bone microstructure subjected to complete fasting in mammals. Our study aimed to identify the effects and alterations of complete fasting on bones via histomorphometric analysis in adult female mice. Twelve-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were randomly divided into ad libitum (AL) and two-day complete fasting (FA) groups. Histomorphometry was carried out to analyze the differences in the microstructure of femurs after the experiment period. The histomorphometric data indicated that the bone resorption parameters, including the number of osteoclasts (Mu.N.Oc/B.Pm), osteoclast surface (Oc.S/BS), and eroded surface (ES/BS), were similar between the two groups. However, the bone formation parameters, including the number of osteoblasts (N.Ob/B.Pm) and osteoblast surface (Ob.S/BS), were markedly decreased in the FA group compared with the AL group. Thus, bone formation but not bone resorption was severely impaired following complete fasting. Furthermore, the osteoid surface (OS/BS) was observably reduced, which indicates that the bone mass should be reduced. However, there was no dramatic reduction in the osteoid thickness (O.Th); thus, the bone mass remained relatively stable between the two groups. These findings provide new insights in the increased incidence of osteoporosis in individuals on weight-reduction diets and other bone diseases associated with undernutrition.
Abstract: The alterations in bone metabolism were associated with food and nutrition. Regrettably is that no studies have analyzed the bone microstructure subjected to complete fasting in mammals. Our study aimed to identify the effects and alterations of complete fasting on bones via histomorphometric analysis in adult female mice. Twelve-week-old C57BL/6J ...
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Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Comparison of Risk Indices
Brown Holy,
Obi Doris Chidinma
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, November 2016
Pages:
216-220
Received:
30 October 2016
Accepted:
19 November 2016
Published:
26 December 2016
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem; it is synchronized with the development of many complications of which cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent and detrimental. This study aimed at comparing the strength of various cardiovascular risk indices among diabetes type 2 patients. The risk indices evaluated were: Apoprotein A1, Apoprotein B1, lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, (TCHOL), Triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (HDL), TC/HDL, pentad and tetrad. Two hundred and four (204) subjects were studied comprising of 152 diabetes subjects and 52 non-diabetics as control. The result shows significantly higher values in the mean blood pressure of diabetic subjects when compared with the control at (p < 0.05. Mean HbA1C and total cholesterol values for diabetes subjects were significantly higher when compared with the control. However, the HDL-cholesterol of the diabetes subjects was significantly lower when compared to the control subjects. There was no significant difference in triglyceride level of both groups. The mean values of Apo A, Apo B and lipoprotein a, were higher in diabetic subjects compared to the control subjects at (p < 0.05). Comparison of the liporprotein induces in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, Lpa had a sensitivity of 97.3%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 95.7%, next was pentad with sensitivity of 91.45%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 95.73%. Tetrad had a sensitivity of 81.05%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 90.5%, the TC/HDL ratio and the least accuracy of 75.76%. Based on the overall accuracy Lpa tend to display highest accuracy followed by PENTAD and TETARD.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem; it is synchronized with the development of many complications of which cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent and detrimental. This study aimed at comparing the strength of various cardiovascular risk indices among diabetes type 2 patients. The risk indices evaluated were: Apoprotein A1, Apo...
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