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A Study on the Aberrant Methylation of Colorectal Cancer MLH1 Gene
Tingting Chen,
Hongna Lv,
Yanping Xu,
Wenjing Du,
Rui Zhang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
1-6
Received:
17 January 2019
Published:
1 February 2019
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the mechanism of MLH1 gene expression and regulation in colorectal cancer, and to clarify the impact of 5' end CpG island aberrant methylation on the regulation of MLH1 gene expression. RT-PCR assay was used to detect the expression of MLH1 gene mRNA in 10 colon cancer cell strains. 62 fresh colorectal adenocarcinoma samples and paired distal normal mucosa were selected in our hospital. They comprised 37 males and 25 females aging 32 to 67 years old with the mean of 43.6. The cellular RNA was extracted, and immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect the expression of MLH1 protein in colorectal cancer, and MSP method was utilized to examine the methylation status of the first exon of MLH1 gene in the tissues. In the 10 cell strains, only the MLH1 mRNAs of SW480 and Caco2 were expressed, and no MLH1 mRNA expression was detected in the other eight strains. The expression level of MLH1 mRNA in the 62 cases of cancer tissue was higher than that in the paired normal mucosa, and MLH1 protein was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. The expression level of MLH1 protein in adenocarcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the paired normal tissue (P<0.01), while the methylation level of cancer tissues was statistically significantly lower than that of the paired normal mucosa (P<0.05). Aberrant DNA methylation dominates the regulation of the MLH1 gene expression changes in colorectal cancer. The results herein provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the differential expressions of MLH1 in colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the mechanism of MLH1 gene expression and regulation in colorectal cancer, and to clarify the impact of 5' end CpG island aberrant methylation on the regulation of MLH1 gene expression. RT-PCR assay was used to detect the expression of MLH1 gene mRNA in 10 colon cancer cell strains. 62 fresh colorectal adenocarcino...
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A Japanese Woman with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome without Skin Lesions Induced by an Initial Dosage of Lamotrigine
Yasuyuki Sumida,
Hidetaka Ishino,
Atsushi Saitou,
Yohei Otsuki,
Satoshi Komori,
Atsuhiro Kanzaki
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
7-11
Received:
16 December 2018
Accepted:
27 February 2019
Published:
19 March 2019
Abstract: Atypical Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) which is characterized by little or no skin involment, is reported to be triggered by less medications than infection. There are few reports with atypical SJS induced by medications. This is a case report of atypical SJS induced by Lamotrigine (LTG). A 31-year-old Japanese woman, who was bipolar disorder and prescribed an initial dosage of LTG 25mg/day ten days ago, presented with high fever and throat pain for two days. At first she was suspected of pharyngitis and administered antibiotics. She was hospitalized on the first visit day, but she was getting worse and fell into shock over several days. Furthermore she presented with erosions and bleeding of her lips and oral mucosa on day6, and so she was diagnosed with SJS, but her skin lesions were mild even at the extreme of the clinical course. She gradually developed acute pulmonary failure, liver dysfunction, coma and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). But she was treated with intensive care consisting of steroid pulse followed by high dose corticosteroids, and so she gradually recovered from SJS and corticosteroids could be tapered. At last she was discharged on day50 and had no sequelae with SJS. It was extremely difficult to diagnose this case as atypical SJS because of the unremarkable skin lesions and similarity to pharyngitis. It was also characteristic that she was already in severe status when it satisfied the diagnostic criteria for SJS. But physicians should not miss from the perspective of the fatality and social problem. It should be noted that atypical SJS shows mild or little cutaneous lesions.
Abstract: Atypical Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) which is characterized by little or no skin involment, is reported to be triggered by less medications than infection. There are few reports with atypical SJS induced by medications. This is a case report of atypical SJS induced by Lamotrigine (LTG). A 31-year-old Japanese woman, who was bipolar disorder and ...
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The Multi-Circuit Neuronal Hyperexcitability Hypothesis of Psychiatric Disorders
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
12-30
Received:
15 January 2019
Accepted:
12 March 2019
Published:
30 March 2019
Abstract: After nearly a century of intensive research and clinical investigation, the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders remains an enigma. Short of a clear understanding of how psychiatric symptoms are produced, the various cognitive, emotional, and behavior patterns that characterize psychiatric disorders continue to be grouped into syndromes and treated accordingly. The weakness of this approach is that the treatment is administered without a clear understanding of what pathological process is being treated. Moreover, the symptoms of most psychiatric disorders are frequently changing and melding into one another. This leads to diagnostic confusion, medication stacking, and poor treatment outcomes, all of which erode patient trust and perpetuate the stigma of mental illness. In this seminal report, a new hypothesis on the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders will be presented based on multidisciplinary evidence that nearly all psychiatric disorders and their functional comorbidities are rooted in a single, shared, neurophysiological abnormality. The report will then trace that abnormality to its molecular roots and introduce a new paradigm through which the many faces of mental illness can be understood and uniformly treated. The Multi-Circuit Neuronal Hyperexcitability hypothesis of psychiatric disorders posits that an inherent hyperexcitability of the neurological system is at the root of mental illness and provides a precise, functionally-specific framework that eliminates diagnostic confusion, informs a unified treatment approach, and helps remove the long-held stigma of mental illness.
Abstract: After nearly a century of intensive research and clinical investigation, the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders remains an enigma. Short of a clear understanding of how psychiatric symptoms are produced, the various cognitive, emotional, and behavior patterns that characterize psychiatric disorders continue to be grouped into syndromes and tr...
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Detection of Blood Lipids, Homocysteine and Endothelin in Patients with Hypothyroidism and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Its Clinical Significance
Li Hongyan,
Xu Qian,
Liu Jing,
Li Juan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
31-34
Received:
18 February 2019
Published:
29 April 2019
Abstract: Objective To discuss the changes of blood lipids, homocysteine (Hcy) and endothelin (ET) levels in patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism, and to explore their clinical significance. Methods The authors choose 255 cases of hypothyroidism, 274 cases of subclinical hypothyroidism and 130 cases of the control group to test serum TC, TG, HDL, LDL, LPa, Hcy and ET. The correlation were analyzed. Results The level of TC, TG, LDL of hyperthyroidism group and subclinical hyperthyroidism group are higher than the control group, HDL is lower than the control group. The level of TC, TG, LDL of hyperthyroidism group is higher than subclinical hyperthyroidism group, HDL is lower than subclinical hyperthyroidism group. The level of Hcy of hyperthyroidism group and subclinical hyperthyroidism group are higher than the control group. The level of Hcy of hyperthyroidism group is higher than subclinical hyperthyroidism group. The level of ET of hyperthyroidism group is lower than the control group and subclinical hyperthyroidism group. Conclusions All of blood lipids, Hcy and ET participate in the development process of hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism which is of great value in predicting the transition of thyroid dysfunction and the occurrence of adverse consequences.
Abstract: Objective To discuss the changes of blood lipids, homocysteine (Hcy) and endothelin (ET) levels in patients with hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism, and to explore their clinical significance. Methods The authors choose 255 cases of hypothyroidism, 274 cases of subclinical hypothyroidism and 130 cases of the control group to test serum T...
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Survival and Mortality of Patients with Hyponatremia in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study of 327 Patients Hospitalized at Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital
Eyram Yoan Makafui Amekoudi,
Kossi Akomola Sabi,
Komlan Georges Tona,
Badomta Dolaama,
Béfa Noto-Kadou-Kaza,
Epiphane Kola,
Bayaki Saka
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2019
Pages:
35-41
Received:
23 April 2019
Accepted:
10 June 2019
Published:
26 June 2019
Abstract: Hyponatremia is recognized as the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalization services. It is associated in the literature with a prolongation of the hospitalization with a variable mortality according to comorbidities and etiologies. In Togo, although empirically noted, this excess mortality has never been demonstrated. The objective of our study was to determine the survival and mortality of patients with hyponatremia in the intensive care units of the Sylvanus Olympio Hospital Center (CHU SO). We collected 2802 patients over the period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Of these patients, 327 included patients, of whom 79 had hyponatremia, had a frequency of 23.6%. The prevalence of hyponatremia was 2.8%. The average of natremia was 126.3 ± 6.8 mmol/L with extremes of 100 mmol/L and 134 mmol/L. The mean age of patients was 52.3 ± 18.2 years (range: 18 to 92 years) with a sex ratio (M / F) of 1.5. The most common comorbidities were high blood pressure (32.9%) and diabetes (13.9%). The most common etiology was neurological (26.6%), renal (20.3%) and infectious (19%). The average duration of hospitalization was 11 days. The probability of survival after 11 days was 49%, with excess mortality depending on the severity of hyponatremia. Because of its importance hyponatremia appears as a cause of mortality. This study provides the prognosis of patients in intensive care and urges the implementation of ionogram monitoring technique.
Abstract: Hyponatremia is recognized as the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalization services. It is associated in the literature with a prolongation of the hospitalization with a variable mortality according to comorbidities and etiologies. In Togo, although empirically noted, this excess mortality has never been demonstrated. The objective of ou...
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