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Reduction of Vertical Transmission of HIV Through the Use of Mother Buddies in Plateau and Kaduna States of Nigeria
Christian Ogoegbunem Isichei,
David Deakin,
Danladi Musa,
Paul Mershak,
Caroline Onwuezobe,
Martha Nyam,
Jane Nwoke
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
200-206
Received:
19 July 2015
Accepted:
28 July 2015
Published:
6 August 2015
Abstract: Background. Nigeria has the second largest number of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the world. In 2009, of 27,870 Nigerian infants exposed to HIV, only 15,785 were on antiretroviral prophylaxis and 32% of the HIV-positive women received ARVs.It is now possible to reduce the rate of HIV transmission from HIV-infected mothers to their infants to less than 2%. While achievements in Prevention of Parent-To-Child Transmission (PPTCT) of HIV programmes or Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programmes are dramatic, these programmes need to be further improved and sustained. Methods. We developed “mother buddies” to improve access to PPTCT services in three underserved local government areas with 15 communities of Plateau and Kaduna States of Northern Nigeria in keeping with Dzama and Deakin’s pilot study in Malawi. Mother buddies are HIV-positive mothers who use Mobile Interactions bringing Hope (Mihope) phones to provide one-to-one life-saving support to vulnerable pregnant women and their families during pregnancy and for 6 months after child birth. The programme was implemented from October 2013 to March 2015.Life-saving support included information on HIV, PPTCT, family planning, Sexually Transmitted Infections, increasing male partners involvement and Antiretroviral(ARVs). Educational topics included the importance of attending antenatal clinic (ANC) before delivery, healthy diet patterns, partner testing for HIV, syphilis testing and malaria prophylaxis. Results. All education and support was accomplished on a one-on-one basis, thereby increasing knowledge, changing attitudes and practice. It also promoted health seeking behavior that improved access and uptake for PMTCT services in these rural areas. Of the 97 HIV--positive women, 64 gave birth safely and the babies received PPTCT/PMTCT Interventions. Forty-seven babies tested negative to two DNA PCR tests at 6 weeks after delivery and 6 weeks after cessation of breast milk feeding, while 17 babies tested negative to first DNA PCR, and were awaiting second DNA PCR after 6 weeks of cessation of breast feeding at the time of this analysis. Conclusions. Despite logistical challenges, security concerns and project design limitations, “Mother buddies” demonstrated the capacity to increase access to PPTCT/PMTCT services in hard to reach and underserved communities with great impact/outcomes.
Abstract: Background. Nigeria has the second largest number of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the world. In 2009, of 27,870 Nigerian infants exposed to HIV, only 15,785 were on antiretroviral prophylaxis and 32% of the HIV-positive women received ARVs.It is now possible to reduce the rate of HIV transmission from HIV-infected mothers to their infants...
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Thyroid Functions and Thyroid Auto-Antibodies in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Study from Bangladesh
Satya Narayan Chaudhary,
Shahana Akther Rahman,
Mohammad Imnul Islam,
Suraiya Begum,
Manik Kumar Talukdar,
Md Israque Hossain Ansari,
Mizanul Hasan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
207-212
Received:
29 July 2015
Accepted:
12 August 2015
Published:
21 August 2015
Abstract: Background: Thyroid dysfunction may be associated in pediatric SLE cases and may present as euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, hypothyroid or hyperthyroid states. Aim of this study was to assess thyroid functions (serum T3, T4, TSH) and thyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid Peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin) in pediatric SLE patients. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Pediatric SLE (pSLE) patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1997 revised classification criteria for SLE were enrolled in this study. Sixteen apparently healthy children were enrolled in the study as reference group. Disease activity was measured by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI). Serum T3, T4, TSH and auto-antibodies including, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti- thyroglobulin (anti-TG) were measured by radio-immuno assay (RIA) method in the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, BSMMU, Dhaka. Data were analyzed by SPSS for window version 16 which included descriptive statistics, Man-Whitney test and Fisher exact test. Results: Among a total number of 50 pSLE cases, 41 (82%) cases had euthyroid state, 4 had subclinical hypothyroidism, 3 had hypothyroidism and 2 patients had euthyroid sick syndrome. All the cases of reference group were in euthyroid state. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody was positive in 24 pSLE cases and anti-thyroglobulin (TG) antibody was positive in 16 patients. Thyroid disorder was present in 9 cases and 7 of them had positive anti-TPO antibody. Conclusion: Thyroid disorders and presence of thyroid auto antibodies were common in pSLE patients. Anti-TPO positivity was more common than Anti-TG positivity
Abstract: Background: Thyroid dysfunction may be associated in pediatric SLE cases and may present as euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, hypothyroid or hyperthyroid states. Aim of this study was to assess thyroid functions (serum T3, T4, TSH) and thyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid Peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin) in pediatric SLE patients. Methods: It was a...
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In Vitro and in Vivo Antioxidant Related Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) Extracts in Humans
Yousif Yahia Bilto,
Nessrin Ghazi Alabdallat
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
213-221
Received:
22 August 2015
Accepted:
6 September 2015
Published:
16 September 2015
Abstract: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is a well-known aromatic plant used all around the world for different medicinal purposes. Aims: The present work aimed to investigate antioxidant related effects of rosemary in humans by in vitro and in vivo studies. Study design: Chemical antioxidant assays and venous blood from healthy volunteers were used to conduct in vitro experiments. For in vivo study, nine healthy volunteers, each received orally 250 ml of aqueous extract of rosemary daily for 5 days. Venous bloods were taken before and one hour after the first dose of aqueous extract (sample I and II respectively) and then one day after the last dose of day five (i.e. day 6, sample III). The first blood taken before the first dose (i.e. sample I), served as control for the next samples of II and III. Methodology: The following assays were performed: total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reducing power, scavenging activity of DPPH, scavenging activity of OH, iron chelating ability, erythrocyte reduced glutathione (GSH), malonyldialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), percentage hemolysis, serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and serum selected biochemical tests. Results: Rosemary extract showed efficient total antioxidant capacity, reducing power, scavenging activity of DPPH, scavenging activity of OH and a reasonable iron chelating ability. Pre-incubation of erythrocytes in vitro with methanolic extract of rosemary then exposed to H₂O₂ decreased significantly MDA production (i.e. anti-lipid-peroxidant), PC production (i.e. anti-protein-oxidant) and oxidant hemolysis (i.e. anti-hemolytic) in a concentration dependent manner. Oral administration of aqueous extracts of rosemary to healthy volunteers, for 5 days, increased significantly serum TAS (18% increase), erythrocyte GSH (72% increase), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) (21% increase) and decreased significantly erythrocyte MDA (17% decrease), with no effect on serum biochemical tests for kidney, liver, cardiac and pancreatic, compared to 0 time administration. Conclusion: Rosemary extracts have efficient in vitro and in vivo antioxidant related effects. As the present findings are obtained in healthy humans with no oxidative stress, this indicates that rosemary can improve the base line of the defense mechanisms against possible oxidative stress, with no adverse effects, thus decreasing susceptibility or preventing the progress of pathological conditions related to oxidative stress.
Abstract: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) is a well-known aromatic plant used all around the world for different medicinal purposes. Aims: The present work aimed to investigate antioxidant related effects of rosemary in humans by in vitro and in vivo studies. Study design: Chemical antioxidant assays and venous...
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Statistical Analysis of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in the Treatment of Heart Failure
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
222-227
Received:
10 June 2015
Accepted:
15 June 2015
Published:
18 September 2015
Abstract: In the clinical researches, large number of clinical verifications has demonstrated that the Brain Natriuretic Peptide can be used in heart failure detection. Some relevant studies illustrate Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide can be affected by many factors, such as gender, age, environment of therapy, and so forth. This paper analyzes valid data of a clinical experiment, and finds out the influence of concomitant variables in diagnose of heart failure, then analyzes the outcome of rhNRG-1 on each individual. The phrase ‘Brain Natriuretic Peptide’ in the article specified N-terminal Prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (Nt-Pro BNP) in this dissertation. In this paper, the main analyzing method is Logistic Regression. It is used for estimating the Parameters of a qualitative model. The outcome, in other words, the probabilities is to describe the possible results of a single trial. By using this method, we could discuss the triggers of diseases and popularize it to other problems that concentrate on the cause. Moreover, the binary logistic model is for predicting a binary response based on one or more predictor variables. The main steps of this dissertation is data screening, missing values handling, descriptive statistics analyzing, then the Logistic Regression, and finally draw a conclusion.
Abstract: In the clinical researches, large number of clinical verifications has demonstrated that the Brain Natriuretic Peptide can be used in heart failure detection. Some relevant studies illustrate Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide can be affected by many factors, such as gender, age, environment of therapy, and so forth. This paper analyzes valid data of...
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Comparative Study of Potential Thrombolytic and Anti-arthritic Activities of Pterospermum acerifolium and Sonneratia caseolaris Leaves
Sudipta Chowdhury,
Md. Irfan Amin Chowdury,
Mohammad Nazmul Alam,
Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal,
S. M. Arif Bin Alam,
Sharmin Sultana,
Tamanna Jahan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
228-232
Received:
18 September 2015
Accepted:
26 September 2015
Published:
8 October 2015
Abstract: This comparative study was performed for the evaluation of the thrombolytic and anti-arthritic effects of methanolic leaf extracts of P. acerifolium and S. caseolaris. The thrombolytic activity was evaluated by using the in vitro clot lysis model and anti-denaturation method was performed by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) to evaluate the anti-arthritic potential. Here, the thrombolytic activity of P. acerifolium leaves showed (35.15 ± 1.77)% whereas S. caseolaris leaves exhibited (26.05 ± 0.92)% and standard streptokinase demonstrated (63.54 ± 2.61)%. In the case of anti-arthritic study, P. acerifolium showed (35.48 ± 0.98)% at lower concentration and (76.64 ± 1.29)% at higher concentration and ,S. caseolaris exhibited (27.42 ± 0.98)% and (59.68 ± 1.07)% at lower and higher concentration respectively whereas standard diclofenac sodium showed (52.31 ± 0.56)% at 31.25 µg/ml and (86.67 ± 0.92)% at 1000 µg/ml. The results of these experiments suggest that methanolic leaf extract of P. acerifolium showed higher thrombolytic and anti-arthritic activities than S. caseolaris.
Abstract: This comparative study was performed for the evaluation of the thrombolytic and anti-arthritic effects of methanolic leaf extracts of P. acerifolium and S. caseolaris. The thrombolytic activity was evaluated by using the in vitro clot lysis model and anti-denaturation method was performed by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) to evaluate the anti-art...
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Epistaxis: Its Prevalence in IDPs of North Waziristan Agency
Mohammad Iqbal,
Wasim Ahmed
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
233-236
Received:
6 August 2015
Accepted:
19 August 2015
Published:
9 October 2015
Abstract: The objective of the aforesaid study was to assess the frequency of Epistaxis in IDPs who migrated from North Waziristan agency during military operation “Zarb-E-Azab”. This study was conducted in ENT department, DHQ teaching hospital Bannu from august 2014 to May 2015. The inclusion criteria was acute epistaxis occurred due to any reason. The exclusion criteria were the natural blood stoppage. The data was collected based on age, gender, causes, type, treatment success rate and the actual need for hospitalization of victims. The results of this study showed that out of 121 patients during 10 months, 72% (87.12) were male patients while rest of the patients i.e. 28% (33.88) were female. The prevalence of epistaxis in male was higher than the female patients. The average age group was 37 years. During the study, the most prevailing cause for the epistaxis was trauma (50.20%) in youngsters which was followed by hypertension (29.30%) in adults. Anterior epistaxis was around 58.20% while posterior one was 22.11%. AgNO3 cautry (56.45%) was the commonest treatment regimen followed by anterior nasal packing (32.78%). We achieved a success rate of 30% for AgNO3 cautry and 47% for anterior nasal packing. In cases of acute/persistent epistaxis, where first-aid events have failed, and providing a bleeding vessel is visible, cautery with a silver nitrate tipped stick is the treatment of choice. However, where there is profuse bleeding from larger nasal arteries or veins, difficulty is often experienced in curtailing the blood flow, and commonly one must resort to electro cautry or tamponade by balloon or packing. Modifying the technique of silver nitrate cautry will result in universal success.
Abstract: The objective of the aforesaid study was to assess the frequency of Epistaxis in IDPs who migrated from North Waziristan agency during military operation “Zarb-E-Azab”. This study was conducted in ENT department, DHQ teaching hospital Bannu from august 2014 to May 2015. The inclusion criteria was acute epistaxis occurred due to any reason. The excl...
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Measures to Reduce Post Tonsillectomy Pain
Abd El-Hay Rashad Elassy,
Ahmed Abd Elhalim Mohamed,
Heba Abd Elrehem Abo-Elnaga,
Waleed Mahmoud Saleh
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
237-240
Received:
14 August 2015
Accepted:
24 August 2015
Published:
13 October 2015
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the measures to reduce post tonsillectomy pain. Data sources: They included medical text books, medical journals, and medical websites (PubMed, Medscape, Science Direct and EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the internet from 2000 to 2015. Study selection. The initial search presented 170 articles. The articles studied different tools and techniques in tonsillectomy, pharmacological and non pharmacological methods for reducing post operative pain. Data extraction: Web search was performed on the medical databases and the full text of the relevant paper was critically analyzed and interpreted. Data synthesis: Comparisons were made by a structured review with the results, summarized and incorporated into the review article’s main text. Findings: Pain is the most significant obstacle to the rehabilitation of a patient following tonsillectomy. Inadequate analgesia causes poor oral intake, which leads to lassitude, delayed recovery of strength and well being and occasionally requires overnight hospitalization in day case surgical practice. Conclusion: The advances in new surgical tools and techniques make this surgery a safe procedure with less post operative pain. The pain can be managed also in a more effective manner with the combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies.
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the literature regarding the measures to reduce post tonsillectomy pain. Data sources: They included medical text books, medical journals, and medical websites (PubMed, Medscape, Science Direct and EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the internet from 2000 to 2015. Study selection. The initial ...
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Assessment of Taste Sensation After Tonsillectomy Operation
Abd El-Hay Rashad AlAsy,
Ayman El-Said Abd Elaziz,
Heba Abd Elrheem AboEl-Naga,
Mohammed Mostafa Abed
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
241-246
Received:
14 August 2015
Accepted:
6 September 2015
Published:
14 October 2015
Abstract: Objectives: The chemical senses and their normal functioning constitute a necessity for a good quality of life as the gustatory system influence to a large extent food selection and affect nutrition. Altered taste perception seems to be more frequent than previously thought. Fortunately, most of prospective studies show that it remains a transient phenomenon with total recovery after several weeks. Background: It is well known that tonsillectomy is the most commonly performed operation in the otolaryngologicalfield. Although tonsillectomy is regarded as a safe surgery, it still has the risk of per- and postoperative complications. However, taste disturbance is an unusual complication with few reports on it. Patients and methods: This study was carried on 100 patients (60 females and 40 males).planned to do bilateral tonsillectomy, they was between 10 to 49 years of age. Chemogustometry was done one day prior to operation to assure intact and efficient taste sensation. Then one, seven, fifteen and thirteen days respectively post operative as follow up in abnormal findings. Four tastants with two concentrations for each were used: quininsulfate or caffeine (0.075%; 0.2%)=>for bitter taste, glucose (2%; 10%)=>for sweet taste, citric acid (0.5%; 7.5%) =>for sour taste, sodium chloride (0.5%; 2.5%)=>for salt taste One drops of each tastant was presented to the four regions of the tongue in two concentrations using plastic disposable sterile pipette. The patients were asked to verify the taste as identified on a list presented to them. Results: Bitter taste was the most affected followed by salt then sweet and sour less affected on using low concentration while on using high concentration, Bitter taste was the most affected followed by the sweet then the salt and the sour is less affected. Anterior and posterior parts of tongue was equaly affected, with more affection of LT side posteriorly but no side preference anteriorly. Improvement was more rapid and obvious in anterior part of tongue than posterior part. Conclusion: Taste dysfunction may follow tonsillectomy operation (this appeared in 29% of cases of this study) and it's transient. Affection is slightly more on posterior part of tongue than anterior part. The most affected taste was bitter then sweet, salt and sour respectively.
Abstract: Objectives: The chemical senses and their normal functioning constitute a necessity for a good quality of life as the gustatory system influence to a large extent food selection and affect nutrition. Altered taste perception seems to be more frequent than previously thought. Fortunately, most of prospective studies show that it remains a transient ...
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Clinical Association Between Alterations of Boron, Cesium, Rhenium and Rubidium with the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
247-254
Received:
22 September 2015
Accepted:
28 September 2015
Published:
15 October 2015
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Certain trace elements are now being investigated as possibly having a role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the possible association between (boron, cesium, rhenium and rubidium) with atherosclerosis that, trace elements may be directly or indirectly involved in cardiovascular disease processes including atherosclerosis. This study was aimed to measure the serum levels of boron, cesium, rhenium and rubidium in Iraqi patients with atherosclerosis as compared with the control group, in addition to study the role of other confounding factors age, gender and finally estimate the correlation coefficient between the studied parameters. Method: This case control study conducted on 40 patients of both genders 15 men and 25 women with the mean age (52.4 ± 10) years and 40 of apparently healthy adults age and gender matched were also enrolled in this study as a control group for comparing purposes. The patients were free from any diseases except atherosclerosis and this was confirmed by clinical examination and biochemical and hematological tests. Serum levels of parameters were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometers. Results: There were a significant reductions in the level of rubidium and boron while, there was a significant elevation in the serum level of rhenium in patients group as compared with the control group, and there was no significant difference between studied group regarding cesium. There was no age and gender effects on the level of focused parameters and there was a significant weak negative correlation between age and Rb (r=-0.38, p=0.016). Conclusion: Boron and rubidium were significantly reduced, so supplementation could be important for therapy and even more necessary for individuals who are at high risk of developing atherosclerosis. While the level of rhenium was significantly elevated in patients and there was no significant variation in level of cesium. These variations could be proved the possible correlation with pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the estimation of these elements could be an important complementary diagnostic tool to determine trace elements status for therapy and diagnosis. These alterations are could be due to oxidative stress and inflammation which affect the trace elements homeostasis in patients with atherosclerosis. Boron, cesium, rhenium, rubidium are a natural element and micronutrient in human, they would be meaningful to compare these trace elements in atherosclerotic patients and controls for evaluating these elements as a biomarkers of the risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of atherosclerosis.
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Certain trace elements are now being investigated as possibly having a role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the possible association between (boron, cesium, rhenium and rubidium) with atherosclerosis that, trace elements may be directly or indirectly involved in cardiovascular disease processes including atheroscleros...
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Serum Lipid Profiles in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Study from Bangladesh
Mohammad Mofizul Islam,
Shahana Akhter Rahman,
Mohammad Imnul Islam,
Satya Narayan Chaudhary,
Mohammad Aminul Islam,
Mohammed Mahbubul Islam,
Manik Kuma Talukder
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
255-259
Received:
29 September 2015
Accepted:
15 October 2015
Published:
30 October 2015
Abstract: Aim: To assess the lipid profile in pediatric SLE (pSLE) patients in active disease state and compare it with inactive state. Methodology: It was an observational study carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh from January 2013 to June 2014. A total 30 patients fulfilling the ACR 1997 criteria were enrolled in this study. Age and sex matched 15 controls were also included. Lipid profiles were measured at diagnosis, at 3 months follow up and at 9 months follow up. Results: At the time of diagnosis, pSLE patients’ mean triglyceride level and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly abnormal. At 3 three months follow up, when disease activity was high and patients were on high dose steroid therapy, there was increased total, LDL and HDL cholesterol level. At 9 months follow up when most of the patients had inactive disease and were on low dose steroid, all the lipids were within normal range. Comparison of active disease group with inactive disease group at 9 months found significant improvement of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: Control of SLE seems to be the most important factor in normalizing the lipids.
Abstract: Aim: To assess the lipid profile in pediatric SLE (pSLE) patients in active disease state and compare it with inactive state. Methodology: It was an observational study carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbagh, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh from January 2013 to June 2014. A total 30 patient...
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Biochemical Differentiation and Molecular Characterization of Biofield Treated Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Sambhu Charan Mondal,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
260-267
Received:
8 October 2015
Accepted:
19 October 2015
Published:
14 November 2015
Abstract: The recent emergence of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a pandemic. For the safety concern of seafood, consumer monitoring of this organism in seafood is very much essential. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on [ATCC-17802] strain of V. parahaemolyticus for its biochemical characteristics, biotype and 16S rDNA analysis. The lyophilized strain of V. parahaemolyticus was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treated. Gr. II was further subdivided into two parts, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, whereas, Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 142 (Study I). After retreatment of Gr. IIB on day 142 (Study II), the sample was divided into three separate tubes. The tubes first, second and third were analyzed on day 5, 10, and 15, respectively. The biochemical reaction and biotyping were performed using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of V. parahaemolyticus with other bacterial species after the treatment. The results of biochemical reactions were altered 24.24%, out of thirty-three in the treated groups with respect to the control. Moreover, negative (-) reaction of urea was changed to positive (+) in the revived treated Gr. IIB, Study II on day 15 as compared to the control. Besides, biotype number was substantially changed in all the treated groups as compared to the control. However, change in organisms were reported in Gr. IIA on day 10 and in Gr. IIB; Study II on day 5 as Shewanella putrefaciens and Moraxella/Psychrobacter spp., respectively with respect to the control i.e. Vibrio sp. SF. 16S rDNA analysis showed that the identified sample in this experiment was V. parahaemolyticus after biofield treatment, and the nearest homolog genus-species was observed as Vibrio natriegens with 98% gene identity. The results envisaged that the biofield energy treatment showed an alteration in biochemical reaction pattern and biotype number on the strain of V. parahaemolyticus.
Abstract: The recent emergence of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a pandemic. For the safety concern of seafood, consumer monitoring of this organism in seafood is very much essential. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on [ATCC-17802] strain of V. parahaemolyticus for its b...
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Improved Mechanical Properties of PVA-Chitosan Polymeric Porous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
Md. Shariful Islam,
Mitsugu Todo
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
268-274
Received:
12 November 2015
Published:
14 November 2015
Abstract: Highly porous HA scaffolds were synthesized from bioceramics by using the polyurethane (PU) sponge template method. The as-prepared HA scaffolds were then fabricated with poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) and collagen/chitosan (COL/CS) polymeric materials at 4:1 ratio in coating and 2-phase atmospheric condition. Further, the porous microstructure of fabricated biomaterials were characterized by FE-SEM and mechanical properties were tested by using Shimadzu Compact Tabletop Testing Machine EZTest. It was revealed from the study that incorporation of PVA/CS or COL/CS polymeric materials into pure HA scaffolds either coating or 2-phase condition enhanced the mechanical properties of fabricated biomaterials significantly. Biocompatibility of fabricated biomaterials were checked by culturing Human Mesenchymal Stem cell (hMSC) for a period of 7 days over the prepared scaffolds and it was found that hMSC responded well and grown excellently over the all specimens of fabricated scaffolds. Finally, the results revealed that maximum stress value (0.77 MPa) was obtained from HA-PVA/CS 2-phase with cell samples of 7 days culture and followed by HA-PVA/CS coating with cell (0.75 MPa) due to formation of extra cellular matrix (ECM) reinforcement which allowed specimens undergo densification and stress continued to increase.
Abstract: Highly porous HA scaffolds were synthesized from bioceramics by using the polyurethane (PU) sponge template method. The as-prepared HA scaffolds were then fabricated with poly (vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/CS) and collagen/chitosan (COL/CS) polymeric materials at 4:1 ratio in coating and 2-phase atmospheric condition. Further, the porous microstruc...
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Adenotonsillectomy: Effect on CRP Level in Children
Afsharpaiman S,
Yosefi J,
Shahverdi E,
Kazemi H
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
275-278
Received:
18 November 2015
Published:
18 November 2015
Abstract: There is an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). There are contradictory results about the correlation between serum CRP levels and OSA severity. The purpose of this work was to evaluate CRP level after adenotonsillectomy in children with clinical symptoms, suspected OSA. This cross – sectional study was conducted between 20 March 2012 and 20 November 2014. The study group was composed of 98 children that indicated adenotonsillectomy due to clinical symptom of OSA. CRP were measured before and after surgery. Of total 98 children (52 males and 46 females) with an average age of 8.14 ± 2.6 years, 14(14.3%), 29(29.6%), 44(44.9%), and 11(11.2%) patients were with adenoid grade I, II, III, and IV, respectively and in aspect of tonsil grade, 8(8.2%) with grade I, 37(37.8%) with grade II, 43(43.9%) with grade III, and 10(10.1%) were with grade IV. Comparison of the mean of CRP before and after surgery, based on preoperative adenoid grade showed a significant difference in grade III and IV before and after surgery. In aspect of tonsil grade, in grade I, II and III, the mean CRP before and after surgery showed significant difference too. We found that change of CRP level has relationship with the grade of adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy, and may be helpful marker for indication of adenotonsillectomy.
Abstract: There is an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). There are contradictory results about the correlation between serum CRP levels and OSA severity. The purpose of this work was to evaluate CRP level after adenotonsillectomy in children with clinical symptoms, suspected OSA. This c...
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Expression of Angiogenic Molecules in Cochlear Vasculature
Changjoon Lee,
Hyong-Ho Cho,
Sungsu Lee
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
279-282
Received:
20 November 2015
Published:
20 November 2015
Abstract: An altered vascular function may be related with several inner ear diseases such as Meniere’s disease, sudden deafness, and noise-induced hearing loss. The present study was aimed to visualize the cochlear blood-labyrinth barrier and to analyze angiogenic molecules in the cochlear vasculature. Murine cochlea was obtained and its bony shell was removed. Whole mount immunostaining of endothelial cell markers, PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin, was done. There were pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells shown. Angiogenic molecules including VEGFR2, VEGFR3, Sox17 and Dll4 were expressed. Precapillary arterioles, stria vascularis, and postcapillary venules were shown in the cochlear vasculature. The components of blood-labyrinth barrier were observed from basal turn to apical turn of the cochlea. The endothelial expression of VEGFR3, VEGFR2, and Sox17 denotes that the cochlea is not in a static, but in an active state. The robust expression of claudin-5 suggests its important role in blood-labyrinth barrier. The expression of α-SMA represents its need for vascular contraction. Visualizing cochlear vessels and determining angiogenic molecules could help to understand the pathophysiology of hearing loss ailments.
Abstract: An altered vascular function may be related with several inner ear diseases such as Meniere’s disease, sudden deafness, and noise-induced hearing loss. The present study was aimed to visualize the cochlear blood-labyrinth barrier and to analyze angiogenic molecules in the cochlear vasculature. Murine cochlea was obtained and its bony shell was remo...
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High Fat Diet Alters the Expression of M Cells and Claudin 4 in the Peyer’s Patches of Rats
Auni Aqilah Zainal Abidin,
Effat Omar,
Mohammed Nasimul Islam,
Jesmine Khan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
283-287
Received:
26 November 2015
Published:
26 November 2015
Abstract: Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. One of the major risk factors for obesity is consumption of high fat diet (HFD). Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the first organ where HFD comes in contact with the body. But, the effect of HFD on the GIT especially the GIT barrier is not investigated properly. M cells are present in the Follicle associated epithelium (FAE) of Peyer’s patches (PP) of GIT and are important component of intestinal barrier. Healthy and adequate number of M cells is important for an effective intestinal barrier. Intestinal tight junction protein Claudin 4, situated in between the enterocytes of Peyer’s patches (PP), regulates the permeability through the intestinal mucosa. Reduced Claudin 4 is responsible for increased paracellular transport of antigenic materials. Calprotectin is an inflammatory marker secreted by neutrophils during inflammation. Its level is considered specific for intestinal inflammation. The objectives of this study were to investigate the expressions of M cells and Claudin 4 in the PP and to determine the fecal calprotectin level (FCP) of male Wistar rats fed HFD. Four weeks old, twenty male Wistar rats were divided into chow (n=10) and HFD (n=10) groups. After 6 weeks of consuming the respective diets, stool and GIT segments containing PP were collected. After tissue processing, tissues were sectioned into 3 micrometer thickness and were taken on poly-L-lysine coated glass slides. Immunohistochemical staining was done by rat M cell specific CK-8 antibody and anti-Claudin 4 antibody. Scoring was done to calculate the average number of M cells and Claudin 4 in the PP of both groups under light microscope. FCP were measured using a commercial enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square test and independent T-test. Data are presented as mean ± SD. A p value <0.05 was considered as significant. The number of M cells in the PP was significantly higher in HFD group as compared to the control (p = 0.004). The expression of Claudin 4 in the PP was significantly decreased in HFD group as compared to the control (p = 0.018). The fecal calprotectin level in HFD group was significantly higher compared to the control (p = 0.016). HFD consumption for 6 weeks leads to a higher number of M cell and reduced the expression of Claudin 4 in the intestinal Peyer’s patches of male Wistar rats which might be due to GI inflammation.
Abstract: Prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. One of the major risk factors for obesity is consumption of high fat diet (HFD). Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the first organ where HFD comes in contact with the body. But, the effect of HFD on the GIT especially the GIT barrier is not investigated properly. M cells are present in the Follicle assoc...
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Standardization of Sarasvatha Choorna: Used as a Remedy for Dementia
T. D. N. Karunaratne,
Kahapola Sugataratana,
H. A. S. Ariyawansa,
H. A. de Silva,
K. Samarasingha,
L. D. A. M. Arawwawala
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
288-292
Received:
26 November 2015
Published:
26 November 2015
Abstract: Sri Lanka has been recognized as one of the fastest aging populations from the developing countries. There is a large senior population in the country. Since age is the biggest risk factor for Dementia, the need to create awareness and management is an increasing necessity. Sarasvatha Choorna is one of the polyherbal preparation used in Ayurveda for the management of Dementia which consists of 12 medicinal plants. In the present study, an attempt was made to standardize Sarasvatha Choorna by using standard protocols. Standardization was carried out by determination of total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, microbial counts, heavy metals, phytochemical screening and development of TLC-densitogram fingerprints. Results revealed that 10.6±0.0% of total ash, 8.4±0.0% of water soluble ash 0.65±0.01% of acid insoluble ash 11.0±0.1% of cold ethanol extractable matter, 13.9±0.1% hot ethanol extractable matter, 13.9±0.1% cold water extractable matter and 20.2±0.2% hot water extractable matter were present in the Sarasvatha Choorna. Pathogenic microorganisms such as Coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella were not found and heavy metal concentrations of Sarasvatha Choorna were well below the recommended upper limits for the tested heavy metals. Phytochemical screening studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroid glycosides and coumarins in both water and ethanol extracts of Sarasvatha Choorna. Presence of the raw materials in the Sarasvatha Choorna was confirmed by TLC fingerprints. Present study reveals the quality of Sarasvatha Choorna for the first time and quality control parameters resulted from this study can be used as a reference standard for quality control of Sarasvatha Choorna.
Abstract: Sri Lanka has been recognized as one of the fastest aging populations from the developing countries. There is a large senior population in the country. Since age is the biggest risk factor for Dementia, the need to create awareness and management is an increasing necessity. Sarasvatha Choorna is one of the polyherbal preparation used in Ayurveda fo...
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The Association Between Body Composition and Serum Glucose, Lipids, Leptin, and Insulin in a Health-Check Population
Mingkun Zhang,
Lin Sun,
Weixiang Wang,
Nana Li,
Qianwen Li,
Ling Wang
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
293-299
Received:
26 November 2015
Published:
26 November 2015
Abstract: To study the association between body composition and serum glucose, lipids, leptin, and insulin in a group of health-check population. Total of 205 subjects under routine health check were investigated. After overnight fasting, they were checked for body composition, serum glucose, lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)), leptin, and insulin. Because of the seriously skewed distribution of leptin and insulin data, their natural logarithm, named as Lnlep and Lnins were chosen in data analysis. result: Male subjects at all age groups showed higher body weight, height, waist circumstance, BMI, percentages of muscle mass, water and mineral components, LDL-C, and overweight rate then that in female (all P<0.05); With the increase of age, both genders showed decreased height, percentages of muscle mass, water and protein components (P<0.05 for both), but increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) and overweight rate ( P<0.05 for both). As for females, their mean weight, total fat mass, and percentage of fat mass were increased along age increase (all P<0.05); The impact factors of BMI in these population were waist circumstance, percentage of fat mass, Lnins, and gender. Their standardized partial regression coefficients were 0.650, 0.358, 0.082, and 0.103 respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusion: ody weight, waist circumstance, BMI, serum LDL-C, and are positively associated with age; Waist circumstance, percentage of body fat, and serum insulin were positively associated with BMI.
Abstract: To study the association between body composition and serum glucose, lipids, leptin, and insulin in a group of health-check population. Total of 205 subjects under routine health check were investigated. After overnight fasting, they were checked for body composition, serum glucose, lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein ...
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Evaluation of the Effect of Ayurvedic Herbo-minaral Formulation: Chandraprabha vati on Albuminuria
Weerasekera K. R.,
Dhammarathana I.,
Tissera M. H. A.,
Ariyawansa H. A. S.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
300-305
Received:
30 November 2015
Published:
1 December 2015
Abstract: Ayurveda is a science of life, based on its basic principles, time tested and experienced through centuries. It is an evidence of experimental research in Ayurveda and proves that Ayurveda has its own scientific methodology of research and this could be effectively tested with ailments like albuminuria. Albuminuria is a one of the early symptoms of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and CKD is a very common disorder in present era. For albuminuria, Chandraprabha vati is a commonly used Ayurvedic drug and its efficacy on albuminuria is not scientifically validated yet. Therefore this clinical study was aimed at to re- establish the efficacy of Ayurvedic formulation Chandraprabha vati on albuminuria, which can be compared to some of the types of disease of Prameha (urine abnormality) in Ayurveda, along with the assessment of the effects on the basis of scientific, disease specific biochemical parameter. Hundred patients with albuminuria were selected randomly and divided into two groups, group1was treated with Chandraprabha vati (1000 mg twice daily) and the other was considered as placebo. The results review that the Candraprabha vati has significantly reduced the signs and symptoms of albuminuria, mainly albuminin urine and although turbidity, organisms, pus cells, red cells, colour and frequency of urine and as well as the some pre-monitory symptoms of disease of Prameha. In the light of the results obtained this study proved the fact that Chandraprabha vati has been immensely effective and safe Ayurvedic drug and particularly been the vital factor in reducing the level of albuminin urine significantly in conclusion.
Abstract: Ayurveda is a science of life, based on its basic principles, time tested and experienced through centuries. It is an evidence of experimental research in Ayurveda and proves that Ayurveda has its own scientific methodology of research and this could be effectively tested with ailments like albuminuria. Albuminuria is a one of the early symptoms of...
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Development of a Substitute Oil for Vipadikahara Grita Taila and It’s Evaluation Against Vipadika Skin Disease (A Case Study)
H. G. S. P. Hewageegana,
L A D M Arawwawala,
I. Dhammaratana,
H A S Ariyawansa,
M H A Tissera
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
306-309
Received:
30 November 2015
Published:
1 December 2015
Abstract: Vipadikahara Grita Taila is specific and effective medicated oil, use externally to treat the “Vipadika” skin lesion. Vipadika is a common skin ailment in geographically warm country like Sri Lanka. Large fissures with number of cracks in feet and hands with severe pain are the symptoms of Vipadika skin lesion according to Ayurveda texts. Though Vipadikahara Grita Taila is an effective treatment, two important plants (Leptadenia reticulate and Berberis aristata) are not available in Sri Lanka to prepare this medicated oil. Therefore, as an alternative, substitute oil was prepared introducing two newly identified substitute plants (Wattakaka volubilis and Berberis ceylanica). Still, researches are not attempted to evaluate the efficacy of this substitute oil on Vipadika skin disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of substitute oil on Vipadika skin lesion. A forty seven year old female house wife was presented to outpatient department (Kayachikitsa clinic), Ayurveda Teaching Hospital in 2014 with complaints of bilateral large cracks and fissures in feet since 05 years. According to clinical features of Ayurveda view, this case diagnosed as Vipadika skin lesion. To manage this, standardized substitute oil was applied over the affected area twice a day, in the morning and evening in dried feet after washing with Luke warm water for 6 weeks duration. The lesions progressively healed reducing with cardinal symptoms during the treatment period and gradually the skin of the feet became almost normal. Present study had proven that, substitute oil for Vipadikahara Grita Taila can be used externally as an effective medicated oil to manage Vipadika.
Abstract: Vipadikahara Grita Taila is specific and effective medicated oil, use externally to treat the “Vipadika” skin lesion. Vipadika is a common skin ailment in geographically warm country like Sri Lanka. Large fissures with number of cracks in feet and hands with severe pain are the symptoms of Vipadika skin lesion according to Ayurveda texts. Though Vi...
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Healthcare Provider and Patient Dispute: From Prevention to Restoration-the Neccessity of Communication and Caring
Yong-Chi Chen,
Shih-Ying Lee
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
310-313
Received:
1 December 2015
Published:
1 December 2015
Abstract: This article is meant to discourse the idea and skill of communication and care that is fundamental to the prevention as to restoration from dispute between healthcare provider and patient (DHP). DHP can be separated into 3 steps of intervention, thus 1. internal hospital negotiation; 2. external hospital mediation from Bureau of Health, medial association, city government mediation committee or arbitration; 3. Court litigation or mediation. Then, we introduced the current models of these 3 steps in Taiwan and Internal Hospital Mediator (IHM) model known as Japanese style, a form of medical alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Different ability of communication and care can be used in different situations as self-mediation, onsite correspondence, and professional mediation. Finally, how IHM can be of use as intervention principle and methods to 7 scenarios of physician-patient relationship.
Abstract: This article is meant to discourse the idea and skill of communication and care that is fundamental to the prevention as to restoration from dispute between healthcare provider and patient (DHP). DHP can be separated into 3 steps of intervention, thus 1. internal hospital negotiation; 2. external hospital mediation from Bureau of Health, medial ass...
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Lipoprotein(a) Binds to Recombinant Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Aspartase
Wenlong Li,
Liping Xu,
Yakun Zhang,
Wencheng Bai,
Lulei Zhou,
Yuxin Li,
Na Liu,
Ling Liu,
Runlin Han
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
314-321
Received:
3 December 2015
Published:
4 December 2015
Abstract: The respiratory pathogen nontypeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi) can recruit plasminogen (Plg) on the cell surface by its Plg receptor aspartase (ASP) and utilize host Plg and fibrinolytic system to achieve its adherence and immune invasion. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] consists of one molecule low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and one molecule apolipoprotein(a) [Apo(a)]. Apo(a) shares a high degree of homology with the human Plg, and both of them contain lysine-binding sites (LBS), which enables them to interact with various cell-surface receptors or fibrin(ogen). However, the definite physiological function of Lp(a) remains vague. Here, we present evidence that Lp(a) via its Apo(a) may bind to thePlg receptor ASP. Recombinant aspartase (rASP) and C-terminal lysine-deleted variant of ASP (rASPΔK) were used in the current study. The rASP specifically bound to Lp(a), but rASPΔK did not, indicating that C-terminal lysine residue of rASP was responsible for the interaction. In addition, rASP interacted with Lp(a), but not with LDL, revealing that LBS of Apo(a) was involved in the binding. Our results also showed that Lp(a) could inhibit the binding of Plg to rASP. Plasma Lp(a) might play a role in anti-NTHi infection by binding to its Plg receptor ASP.
Abstract: The respiratory pathogen nontypeable Haemophilus influenza (NTHi) can recruit plasminogen (Plg) on the cell surface by its Plg receptor aspartase (ASP) and utilize host Plg and fibrinolytic system to achieve its adherence and immune invasion. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] consists of one molecule low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and one molecule apolipoprote...
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Overview of Development on Self-Inhalation Filter Type Respiratory Protective Technology Against Polluted Air in Residential Environment
Lei Yang,
Yue Liu,
Minghao Chu,
Henggen Shen
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
322-326
Received:
3 December 2015
Published:
4 December 2015
Abstract: There are many types of respirators used in residential environment for individual respiratory protection. Many factors may influence the protective performance of respirators. This paper tries to review the factors in the research development of self-inhalation filter type respiratory protective technology against polluted air in residential environment. Those factors mainly include the leakage; respirator fit test panels, constructing fibers and respirator performance test method. The conclusions from the reviewed literatures show that: (1) the leakage of respirator worn on individuals may be an important reason for the decrease of respirator’s protection. (2) The respirator fit test panels should be developed in advance because they are vital to the good design and the valid test of respirators. (3) The fibers for the filtering part of respirators may be also important to the protective performance of the respirators. Low inhalation resistance and high filtering efficiency are the expectation to a good respirator. (4) The respirator test method applied for evaluating the protective performance depends on the location or environment of the used respirator. Howsoever, the challenge and the most penetrating particle size should be considered before confirming the respirator test method.
Abstract: There are many types of respirators used in residential environment for individual respiratory protection. Many factors may influence the protective performance of respirators. This paper tries to review the factors in the research development of self-inhalation filter type respiratory protective technology against polluted air in residential envir...
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Lipoprotein(a) Binds to C-terminal Lysine Residues of Recombinant Enolase Derived from Group A Streptococcus
Liping Xu,
Wencheng Bai,
Zhixing Ji,
Xiaoyan Dai,
Yun Pang,
Feng Huo,
Wenlong Li,
Runlin Han
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
327-331
Received:
3 December 2015
Published:
4 December 2015
Abstract: The biological function of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] remains elusive although it was identified in 1963. We previously hypothesized that Lp(a) might inhibit pathogens from hijacking host plasminogen (Plg) since apolipoprotein(a) [Apo(a)], a unique protein in Lp(a), shares a high homology with Plg. We demonstrate that Lp(a) bound to recombinant Streptococcal α-enolase (rSEN), which is a surface Plg receptor on group A Streptococcus (GAS). However, recombinant C-terminal lysines-deleted variant of enolase (rSENΔ434-435) did not bind to Lp(a). Moreover, epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), a lysine analog, significantly inhibited the binding of rSEN to Lp(a). Collectively, Lp(a) via its LBS bound to the C-terminal lysines of rSEN. In addition, Lp(a) only competitively blocked the Plg-rSEN interaction but not Plg-rSENΔ434-435 interaction since Plg could also bind to the internal lysine residue of α-enolase. The preliminary study indicated that Lp(a) also interacted with GAS, consequently competitively inhibiting the Plg-GAS binding to some extent. Therefore, Lp(a) might play a limited role in preventing GAS infection since it only partially inhibited the pathogen from recruiting host Plg.
Abstract: The biological function of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] remains elusive although it was identified in 1963. We previously hypothesized that Lp(a) might inhibit pathogens from hijacking host plasminogen (Plg) since apolipoprotein(a) [Apo(a)], a unique protein in Lp(a), shares a high homology with Plg. We demonstrate that Lp(a) bound to recombinant Strepto...
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