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Toxicity Effects of Amlodipine on the Body Weight and Sperm Count in Adult Wistar Rats
Huthman Ibrahim Oluwaseun,
Ibrahim Bilikis,
Huthman Adebukola Selimot,
Otulana Jibril
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, July 2013
Pages:
1-4
Received:
30 April 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: Amlodipine is one of the calcium channel blocker class of antihypertensive used in the treatment of hypertension. Amlodipine is widely used in Nigeria today as an antihypertensive although the side effect on health has been reported, based on researches done. This study was carried out to appraise the toxicity effects of Amlodipine on the body weight and sperm count in Adult Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1 was given normal saline while group 2 and 3 were administered with 0.052mg/g/BW and 0.104mg/g/BW of amlodipine respectively. Our preliminary observations showed that Amlodipine did not have any effect on the body weight but lead to a decrease in sperm count. These effects were totally different from the rats used in the control group and by these preliminary observations, toxic dose of Amlodipine has been shown to lead to infertility in rats.
Abstract: Amlodipine is one of the calcium channel blocker class of antihypertensive used in the treatment of hypertension. Amlodipine is widely used in Nigeria today as an antihypertensive although the side effect on health has been reported, based on researches done. This study was carried out to appraise the toxicity effects of Amlodipine on the body weig...
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Studying Group Behaviour: Cluster Randomized Clinical Trials
Charles J. Kowalski,
Adam J. Mrdjenovich
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, July 2013
Pages:
5-15
Received:
16 May 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are experiments in which clusters of persons, rather than the persons themselves, are randomized to receive one of the interventions being studied. The use of CRTs has been increasing in response to the attention being paid to pragmatic as opposed to explanatory clinical trials, comparative effectiveness research, and community health promotional activities. We describe and illustrate the use of CRTs in these and other applications. Special attention is paid to ethical challenges in the design of such studies, and to tools for facilitating the implementation of interventions found to be efficacious in the trial into everyday clinical practice or effective community-wide programs. We argue that while CRTs have many useful and valid applications, there can be times when their use should be precluded due to ethical constraints. Special vigilance is required in research carried out in developing countries, where villages often seem to be a natural choice for clusters, but considerations of ‘standard of care’ may lead to control villages receiving no care or services. Full-fledged randomized controlled trials are not required to show that people who are doing poorly because of living in squalid conditions without proper sanitation and health care will, in the absence of change, continue to do so.
Abstract: Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are experiments in which clusters of persons, rather than the persons themselves, are randomized to receive one of the interventions being studied. The use of CRTs has been increasing in response to the attention being paid to pragmatic as opposed to explanatory clinical trials, comparative effectiveness research, a...
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Effect of Polyols P-5003-AC, P-373-2-20, P-294-2-35 on the Sanitary Regime of Water Reservoirs and Organoleptic Properties of Water in Connection with the Water Reservoirs Protection
Zhukov V.,
Zaytseva O.,
Rezunenko Y. K.,
Telegin V.,
Bondarenko M.,
Knigavko V.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, July 2013
Pages:
16-19
Received:
14 May 2013
Published:
30 June 2013
Abstract: Xenobiotics effects on the organoleptic properties of water and sanitary regime of water reservoirs had been studied by estimation of their stability and transformation in aqueous medium. Limiting indicators was revealed for substantiation of threshold concentration for the purpose of development of hygiene regulations.
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Clinical Aspects of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Extended Experience from Bangladesh
Shahana A Rahman,
Mohammad Imnul Islam,
Manik Kumar Talukder
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, July 2013
Pages:
20-23
Received:
13 June 2013
Published:
10 July 2013
Abstract: Objectives: To assess the different clinical aspects of JIA patients as well as the disease activity status during follow-up period. This study also compared its findings with the previous baseline study done in our country. Methodology: A prospective observational study carried out in the department of pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the study period of January 2004 to December 2012. A total of 415 patients according to ILAR criteria were enrolled in the study. Patients who completed a 2 year follow-up period were assessed for disease activity status according to Wallace criteria. Data was collected in a predesigned questionnaire. Results: Among the 415 cases, M: F ratio was approximately 2:1. Age range of the patients was 14 months to 16 years. Highest number of patients were present in the age group 11-16 years (49%) followed by 6-10 years. The duration of illness was more than 12 months in the majority. Polyarticular RF negetive patients were most frequent (33%), followed by persistent oligo-arthritis (28 %). Among the patients who completed at least 2 years of follow-up, 68% achieved remission, of them 51% maintained remission and 16.3% had relapse. Conclusion: Late diagnosis with long duration of disease was still common. Clinical profile of this study was almost similar to our previous study but differed from western JIA cases mainly in term of sex, subtypes and duration of illness. Majority of the patients went into remission. Wrong diagnosis was gradually decreasing and it seems that awareness about JIA is gradually increasing among the medical professionals in our country.
Abstract: Objectives: To assess the different clinical aspects of JIA patients as well as the disease activity status during follow-up period. This study also compared its findings with the previous baseline study done in our country. Methodology: A prospective observational study carried out in the department of pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical ...
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Composite Endpoints: Sometimes More than a Solely Economic Consideration
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, July 2013
Pages:
24-34
Received:
18 June 2013
Published:
20 July 2013
Abstract: Endpoints are response variables, or outcomes, that are measured during the course of a clinical trial. I consider endpoints that are either events (e.g., death) or the time to an occurrence of an event (e.g., time to disease progression). A composite endpoint (CEP) is an endpoint that consists of a number of component endpoints, and is considered to have occurred as soon as any one of its components occurs. For example if CEP = death + disease progression, the CEP is said to have occurred as soon as either the disease progresses or the patient dies. It is seen that one of the results of using a CEP is to increase the event rate; and this in turn can reduce the sample size or the time required to observe a specified number of events, thereby resulting in a speedier, less costly clinical trial. Many believe that the only reason CEPs are ever employed is to this end, viz., saving money. I argue that there may be other circumstances that suggest the use of CEPs – that the choice of the primary response variable should be driven by the question the trial is being designed to answer.
Abstract: Endpoints are response variables, or outcomes, that are measured during the course of a clinical trial. I consider endpoints that are either events (e.g., death) or the time to an occurrence of an event (e.g., time to disease progression). A composite endpoint (CEP) is an endpoint that consists of a number of component endpoints, and is considered ...
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