Electrophysiology of Seizure Disorders May Hold Key to the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
103-110
Received:
20 August 2019
Accepted:
20 September 2019
Published:
30 September 2019
Abstract: Despite the increasing burden of mental illness, social stigma and fears that psychological and emotional problems are a sign of character weakness prevent most sufferers from seeking treatment. These barriers are reinforced by diagnostic ambiguity, frequent drug side effects, variable treatment success, and a lack of clarity about the cause of mental illness. Much more progress has been made with epilepsy, a closely related group of disorders for which the pathophysiology is better understood. Although psychiatric disorders and seizure disorders are known to be distinctly different conditions, they have many shared features including their disruptive effects on mentation, their migratory nature, and their responsiveness to anticonvulsant drugs. In addition, a comparative analysis of the two disorder-types strongly suggests that they have shared mechanisms of symptom production, symptom progression, and symptom prevention. In this side-by-side comparison of the two disorder-types, I will discuss how the electrophysiological patterns that underlie seizure initiation and migration help explain how psychiatric symptoms develop and morph into one another, thus providing important insights into the pathophysiology of mental illness and potentially serving as a guide to the development of more effective treatments.
Abstract: Despite the increasing burden of mental illness, social stigma and fears that psychological and emotional problems are a sign of character weakness prevent most sufferers from seeking treatment. These barriers are reinforced by diagnostic ambiguity, frequent drug side effects, variable treatment success, and a lack of clarity about the cause of men...
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Effect of “Nourishing Yin and Qi, Promoting Blood Circulation and Detoxification” on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress CHOP Apoptotic Bypass in Diabetic Atherosclerosis
Fu Xianzhao,
Li Chunyan,
Huang Wenhua,
Li Xingchan,
Qiu Haixian,
Huang Guangming,
Cao Qiuxia,
Lu Mian
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
111-118
Received:
19 September 2019
Accepted:
28 September 2019
Published:
15 October 2019
Abstract: To explore the mechanism of Huoxue Jiedu Jiangtang Recipe (HJJR) in alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) - inflammation, inhibiting ERS apoptotic bypass of CHOP and alleviating diabetic atherosclerosis (AS). Diabetic AS rats were duplicated by feeding of high lipid diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After diabetes modeled successfully, the rats were randomly divided into model group, low-dose HJJR group (HJJR1), high-dose HJJR group (HJJR2) and western medicine group (Gliquidone+ Benazepril), and accepted corresponding drugs for 2 months respectively. The same batch of rats were taken as normal control group and fed with common diet. The levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb), blood lipid, fasting serum insulin (FINS) and insulin resistance index (IRI) were measured in each group. The contents of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA transcription of GRP78 and caspase-12 were tested by reverse- transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The apoptotic level of aortic cells was checked by TUNEL. Compared with the model group, all drug groups could significantly reduce GHb, IRI, TG and LDL-C (P<0.05), increase FINS and HDL-C (P<0.05), down-regulate transcription of CHOP and GRP78 (P<0.05), reduce inflammatory factors TNF-a, IL-6, and decreased aortic apoptosis index (AI) (P<0.05). Compared with the western medicine group, the effect of HJJR2 group was more significant (P<0.05). HJJR could alleviate insulin resistance, correct lipid metabolism disorder, depress endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced inflammatory reaction, and inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptotic bypass of CHOP in arterial cells. The therapeutic effect is dose dependent.
Abstract: To explore the mechanism of Huoxue Jiedu Jiangtang Recipe (HJJR) in alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) - inflammation, inhibiting ERS apoptotic bypass of CHOP and alleviating diabetic atherosclerosis (AS). Diabetic AS rats were duplicated by feeding of high lipid diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After diabetes model...
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Effects of shRNA Expression Vector-mediated Glutathione S-transferase P1 Gene Silencing on Prostate Cancer DU145 Cells
Ruirui Xu,
Zhufu Shao,
Zhi Xiao
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 5, September 2019
Pages:
119-125
Received:
23 September 2019
Published:
18 November 2019
Abstract: Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of silent GSTP1 gene on the proliferation activity, cell cycle and apoptotic rate of the androgen-independent prostate cancer cell strain DU145. Methods: Thirty subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who had been subject to urinary surgical resection and pathological diagnosis, 30 subjects with radically cured prostate cancer (PCa), and another 30 subjects with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) were enrolled. The GSTP1 expression in the subjects was tested with the immunohistochemical S-P method, the GSTP1 expression in the blood serum of the patients with prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer was tested with Elisa, and the mRNA level of the GSTP1 gene after the DUl45 cells were transfected with shRNA was tested. Results: Four of the HRPC patients were complicated with bone metastasis, two with bladder invasion, and five with liver and lung metastasis. GSTP1 showed high expression in tissues with prostatic hyperplasia and hormone refractory prostate cancer and low expression in tissues with prostate cancer, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Difference was found among the serum concentrations of the BPH group, the PCa group and the HRPC group. The HRPC group showed serum GSTP1 concentration higher than that of the PCa group (P<0.01), the BPH group also showed serum GSTP1 concentration higher than that of the PCa group (P<0.01), and the difference between the serum concentrations of the BPH group and the HRPC group was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The GSTP1 mRNA content decreased significantly after shRNA554 intervention, with an IOD value of 67.1±8.7. The intervention effect was evidently lower than that of the carrier shRNA255 group (162.2±12.6) and the shRNA593 group (114.5±10.6) with statistically significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion: The expression vector-mediated GSTP1-shRNA554 transfection can reduce the mRNA level of the GSTP1 gene of the androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells and inhibit the proliferation activity of the in vitro cultivated DU145 cells.
Abstract: Objective: This study aims to explore the impact of silent GSTP1 gene on the proliferation activity, cell cycle and apoptotic rate of the androgen-independent prostate cancer cell strain DU145. Methods: Thirty subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who had been subject to urinary surgical resection and pathological diagnosis, 30 subjects ...
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