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Research Article
Evaluation of the Microbiological Quality of Some Marketed Spices in Lomé (Togo)
Kodjo Kodzovi,
Djeri Bouraïma,
Melila Mamatchi*
,
Bouka Ekpetsi Chantal Epse Goto,
Ameyapoh Yaovi
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
56-65
Received:
20 March 2024
Accepted:
22 April 2024
Published:
17 May 2024
Abstract: This comprehensive study delves deeply into the intricate process of optimizing fish product distribution routes in the expansive Western Kenya region, with an explicit focus on understanding and refining the operational strategies employed by Victory Farm Limited. Leveraging the Hungarian Method, celebrated for its unparalleled effectiveness in the realm of combinatorial optimization, the research endeavors to meticulously evaluate and fine-tune the shortest and most efficient transportation routes for seamlessly ferrying fish products from Kisumu Logistic Center to a myriad of distribution depots and retail markets scattered across the Western Kenya region's diverse landscape. Through an exhaustive analysis that spans road networks, logistical constraints, and the ever-evolving dynamics of market demand, this study systematically identifies and delineates optimal routes that not only minimize the distance traversed but also significantly mitigate associated transportation costs, all while steadfastly adhering to stringent standards for punctuality and product quality. Furthermore, by synergistically integrating sophisticated mathematical modeling techniques, meticulously executed through Python programming, with a robust foundation of real-world data meticulously sourced from Victory Farm Limited, this research endeavors to provide invaluable insights and pragmatic recommendations aimed at fortifying and enhancing the overall efficiency and profitability of fish product distribution operations throughout Victory Farm Western Kenya depots. In essence, the anticipated outcomes of this study transcend the realm of theoretical conjecture, poised instead to catalyze tangible advancements in the sustainable development of the region's burgeoning aquaculture sector, thereby fostering a lasting legacy of economic prosperity and environmental stewardship for generations to come.
Abstract: This comprehensive study delves deeply into the intricate process of optimizing fish product distribution routes in the expansive Western Kenya region, with an explicit focus on understanding and refining the operational strategies employed by Victory Farm Limited. Leveraging the Hungarian Method, celebrated for its unparalleled effectiveness in th...
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Review Article
Evaluation of Childhood Dietary Patterns and Their Impact on Nutrition Status: A Literature Review
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
66-76
Received:
6 April 2024
Accepted:
28 April 2024
Published:
17 May 2024
Abstract: One of the main public health issues in underdeveloped nations like Nepal is malnutrition, which is closely related to dietary practices. Child malnutrition has been one of the major public health issues of the twenty-first century in the world. A search of some electronic databases was conducted to identify research involving nutritional status of children. A total 19 studies were identified in this review. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and dietary pattern of children and its related factors. The study was conducted based on literature review. The search of literature from scholar.google.com, pubmed.com, jstor.com, nepjol.info, tucl.remotexs.co (proquest.com search.ndltd.org) were used for the study. A total of 140 full-text papers were identified from electronic sources. Among 140 full-text papers, irrelevant papers were excluded. Only English medium literature about dietary patterns and nutritional status of children were included in this study. Sixteen studies were related to nutritional status of children and three studies were related to dietary pattern of children. The results of study showed low nutritional status of children of different countries. The result of the study showed that different behaviors related to eating habits promote the nutritional status of children. Dietary behavior strongly correlates nutritional status of children. Similarly, children are facing numerous nutritional problems due to the lack of exclusive breast feeding, maternal education, disease prevalence and low socio-economic condition. Especially the children are suffered from the problem of stunting and wasting in rural area. Most of the studies have been centered in an urban area. The study suggested to conduct appropriate nutritional intervention programs regarding school children and their mothers.
Abstract: One of the main public health issues in underdeveloped nations like Nepal is malnutrition, which is closely related to dietary practices. Child malnutrition has been one of the major public health issues of the twenty-first century in the world. A search of some electronic databases was conducted to identify research involving nutritional status of...
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Research Article
Conditions and Antimicrobial Resistant Profiles of Campylobacter Species from Cow Milk Samples in Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Adane Eshetu Haile*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
77-89
Received:
2 April 2024
Accepted:
23 April 2024
Published:
24 May 2024
Abstract: Campylobacter is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis and is commonly transmitted through the consumption of raw milk or improperly pasteurized milk. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to March 2020 in four study sites in the Oromia region of Ethiopia to isolate, identify, and estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter species in milk samples and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. A total of 384 cow milk samples were randomly chosen from 192 samples of raw milk from farmers and collectors and 192 samples of pasteurized milk from processors and retailers. Standard bacteriological techniques and PCR were used to isolate and identify Campylobacter spp. Of the total 384 milk samples, 35 (9.1%) were found to be positive for Campylobacter spp. The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was highest in collector raw milk (13.5%), farmer raw milk (12.5%), and pasteurized milk (5.2%).The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the disc diffusion method. The most prevalent Campylobacter spp. isolated from milk samples was Campylobacter jejune (C. jejuni) (100%). The overall prevalence of Campylobacter in dairy value chains, including producer, collector, processor, and retailer, was 12.5%, 13.5%, 5.2%, and 5.2%, respectively. Cold storage, material type for making collection rooms, calibrating the pasteurizer machine, restricting milk handlers that are sick, means of transportation, and maintaining temperature during transportation had a statistically significant association. 100% and 8.6% of the Campylobacter isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, respectively. However, all of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim. Moreover, 80% of the C. jejuni were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin. 26% of the species developed ciprofloxacin degradation. The result of this study revealed the prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter species in raw and pasteurized milk samples. Hence, there is a chance of acquiring infection via the consumption of raw or undercooked milk. Thus, the implementation of hygienic practices from the producer to the retailer's market, proper handling to avoid cross-contamination and proper pasteurization are very important in preventing Campylobacter infection.
Abstract: Campylobacter is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis and is commonly transmitted through the consumption of raw milk or improperly pasteurized milk. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to March 2020 in four study sites in the Oromia region of Ethiopia to isolate, identify, and estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter spec...
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Review Article
Contribution of Therapeutic Foods to the Nutritional Care of Malnourished Children in West Africa
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
90-101
Received:
19 April 2024
Accepted:
8 May 2024
Published:
24 May 2024
Abstract: Undernutrition is the most common form of malnutrition in West Africa, particularly in countries in the Sahel region. It constitutes a major public health problem in Africa and in the world. Caused by deficiency of one or more nutrients, undernutrition remains a major concern around the world and especially in the West African region where it contributes to a high number of deaths in children under five. It denotes an insufficient supply of energy and nutrients to meet an individual's needs for good health. Moreover, there are more and more centers specialized in nutritional care to help solve the problem of undernutrition in children. Thenceforward, knowledge of the current situation will allow better actions to overcome this form of malnutrition which grieves many families in our African regions and particularly in West Africa. This review reports on the nutritional care of malnourished children in West Africa. To do this, scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to extract publications on the nutritional care of malnourished children. The data are analyzed to assess the management of cases of undernutrition in West Africa. These results can serve as a basis for better care of malnourished children in countries with limited resources, including those in West Africa.
Abstract: Undernutrition is the most common form of malnutrition in West Africa, particularly in countries in the Sahel region. It constitutes a major public health problem in Africa and in the world. Caused by deficiency of one or more nutrients, undernutrition remains a major concern around the world and especially in the West African region where it contr...
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Research Article
Quality Control of Tap Water and Factors Determining Bacterial Contamination of Households’ Stored Drinking Water in the Town of Aboisso (Côte d’Ivoire)
Thierry Oscar Seki*,
Djedjro Franck Renaud Meless,
Sawa André Philippe Kpaibé,
N’cho Christophe Amin
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
102-113
Received:
15 April 2024
Accepted:
17 May 2024
Published:
3 June 2024
Abstract: Piped water must inspire consumer confidence in health and organoleptic terms. In the event of a food poisoning, consumers who have a poor perception of its quality may incriminate it, without taking into consideration that the fact of passing it through a drinking water storage container before consuming it can also cause contamination. The present study carried out in the town of Aboisso aimed to assess the role of water storage in the deterioration of microbiological quality of drinking water, and to identify the predictive factors of the presence of bacteria in stored water. To do this, physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity and free chlorine) and microbiological parameters (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli) were measured on water samples taken from taps and storage containers in 94 households. The storage conditions of drinking water were also the subject of a brief household survey. The identification of predictive factors for the presence of total coliforms and E. coli in stored water was done using bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis by binary logistic regression through two models. The first model included the use of a transport container and the storage conditions as independent variables. The second included besides that the values of turbidity and free chlorine. As results, the waters were weakly mineralized and acidic. Free chlorine levels, temperature values, and bacterial loads in tap water were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in stored water. While 13.83% of samples taken at the taps were contaminated with total coliforms and 1.06% with E. coli, 50% and 18.09% of those taken in containers were contaminated with total coliforms and E. coli, respectively. In the first model, only the storage duration and the method used to draw water from storage container were statistically associated with the presence of total coliforms while no variable was statistically associated with the presence of E. coli. In the second model, the drawing method and the free chlorine level were significantly associated with the presence of total coliforms while only the free chlorine level was associated with E. coli. These results motivate the need to raise awareness and train populations in drinking water hygiene.
Abstract: Piped water must inspire consumer confidence in health and organoleptic terms. In the event of a food poisoning, consumers who have a poor perception of its quality may incriminate it, without taking into consideration that the fact of passing it through a drinking water storage container before consuming it can also cause contamination. The presen...
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Review Article
Fermented African Locust Bean (Iru), a Potential Dietary Prebiotic and Probiotic
Paulina Oludoyin Adeniyi*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
114-125
Received:
1 May 2024
Accepted:
20 May 2024
Published:
13 June 2024
Abstract: The fact that indigenous foods in Nigeria are always forgotten as possible dietary prebiotics and probiotics cannot be overemphasized, hence, there is need to bring to limelight the potentials of our indigenous foods that are potent prebiotics and probiotics. This is therefore a review of prebiotic and probiotic concept, food sources with emphasis on iru, fermented African locust bean. The search engines used for this study are; Google Scholar, AGORA and HINARI. The Galactose-oligosaccharide and arabinogalactan which are the prebiotics in African locust bean (Parkiabiglobosa) can be partially hydrolyzed in the course of fermentation of the bean into iru while the unhydrolyzed part acts as a prebiotic when the condiment is consumed. This makes iru a possible source of prebiotic. In the same vein Bacillus spp and Lactobacillus spp which are probiotics dominate the fermentation procedure in the production of iru and they were affirmed to be acid tolerant, thermotolerant, bile salt tolerant with appreciable or notable antibacterial activity against gastrointestinal pathogens. Fermented African locust bean, Iru, indeed has potentials of dietary prebiotic and probiotic, hence, its consumption should be optimally and maximally encouraged, popularized and publicized in order to harness the nutritious, aromatic and health benefits of this indigenous culinary condiment.
Abstract: The fact that indigenous foods in Nigeria are always forgotten as possible dietary prebiotics and probiotics cannot be overemphasized, hence, there is need to bring to limelight the potentials of our indigenous foods that are potent prebiotics and probiotics. This is therefore a review of prebiotic and probiotic concept, food sources with emphasis ...
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