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Research Progresses on the Relationship Between the Phthalates Exposure and Children’s Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Yu Qifan,
Shen Xuezhi,
Chen Hongqing,
Chen Qianye,
Zheng Guofe,
Luo Yufeng,
Li Aiqing,
Ding Yuemin
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
72-76
Received:
6 March 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: Neurodevelopment, a complex multifactorial process, is influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors and the interaction between them. Among various environmental factors, prenatal or postnatal phthalate exposure are gradually attracting great attention. The plasticizers phthalate are widely used in various products. Since they do not form covalent bonds with the polymer matrix, they may leach or outgas into the environment and enter the human body, even affect the development of the fetus or newborn through the placenta or breast milk. In recent years, increasing evidences have shown that maternal phthalate exposure can interfere with the development of fetal central nervous system, resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders in postnatal children. However, the specific relationship between maternal phthalate exposure and fetal neurodevelopment and its mechanism have not been clearly studied. At present, the known possible mechanisms include disruption of thyroid homeostasis, alteration of calcium signal transduction, disturbance of lipid metabolism, interfering with the action of sex hormones, influence of the Rho-GTPase pathway, induction of epigenetic and oxidative stress, etc. As the problem has gradually become the focus of attention all over the world, new research results are still emerging. In order to provide references for further study of the etiology and pathogenesis, the latest research progresses and mechanisms of phthalate exposure on neurodevelopment were reviewed in the following article.
Abstract: Neurodevelopment, a complex multifactorial process, is influenced by genetic factors, environmental factors and the interaction between them. Among various environmental factors, prenatal or postnatal phthalate exposure are gradually attracting great attention. The plasticizers phthalate are widely used in various products. Since they do not form c...
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Deep Dive Identification and Evaluation of Critical Factors Responsible for Poor Routine Immunization Uptake in Oyo State
Bassey Enya Bassey,
Fiona Braka,
Sisay Gashu Tegene,
Kofi Boateng,
Rosemary Onyibe,
Olufunmilola Olawumi Kolude,
Marion Mosunmola Osanoto,
Leonard Idemudia Ugheighele,
Ayomide Oluwaseyi Aibinuomo,
Joy Ogechi Max-ikechebelu,
Olayiwola Suliat Olanike,
Angela Ugochukwu Okocha-ejeko
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
77-82
Received:
16 March 2021
Accepted:
29 March 2021
Published:
15 May 2021
Abstract: The uptake of Routine immunization services continues to decline in Oyo State despite best efforts to improve Routine Immunization (RI) services. This study aims to investigate the root cause of poor routine immunization uptake in the State using Ibadan north and Kajola Local Government Areas (LGAs) as sentinel study sites in Oyo state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional Community survey was conducted between 26th-30th November 2018 using structured questionnaires uploaded onto Open Data Kit-collect (ODK) mobile software in the 2 LGAs namely Kajola and Ibadan North LGAs, Oyo state. Majority of the respondents Local Immunization Officers, RI Focal Persons, Other Health Workers and Community Members were fully aware of RI services, its benefits/importance and were mostly satisfied with the services they received at their community health facility. However, 95% of the respondents stated that they were not part of the RI planning processes in their communities neither were they actively involved in selecting the date, time or venue for RI in their communities. Also 76% of the respondents stated that Health workers neither rescheduled RI sessions for missed children neither did they visit /track the missed children. Functional Village Development Committees (VDCs) and updated Reaching Every Ward (REW) micro-plan was not present in 67% and 62% of the visited facilities respectively. World Health Organization (WHO) was mostly responsible for funding of immunization activities. Funding and poor engagement with members of the communities have been discovered to be a major contributing factor to poor immunization uptake in these LGAs. We advise that this gap be bridged for the purposes of improved RI uptake in the state.
Abstract: The uptake of Routine immunization services continues to decline in Oyo State despite best efforts to improve Routine Immunization (RI) services. This study aims to investigate the root cause of poor routine immunization uptake in the State using Ibadan north and Kajola Local Government Areas (LGAs) as sentinel study sites in Oyo state, Nigeria. A ...
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Correlation Analysis of PTPN22 Gene Polymorphism, Th17 / Treg Cells and Their Cytokines in GD with Different Iodine Nutritional Status
Hou Zhenjiang,
Mu Zhaoxin,
Wang Cuicui,
Feng Jing,
Chen Yunxia,
Ma Jinqun,
Liu Chunyan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
83-91
Received:
6 April 2021
Published:
24 May 2021
Abstract: Background: PTPN22 is an important candidate gene for autoimmune diseases and its SNP is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diseases. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the PTPN22 gene polymorphism (rs2488457) and the Th17 and Treg cells and factors in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Graves' disease (GD) patients with different iodine nutrition conditions. Methods: We selected 100 GD patients and 60 healthy people in Cangzhou Central Hospital and People's Hospital from September 2019 to August 2020 and used SASP-PCR technology to calculate the PTPN22-1123 genotype and allele frequency. Flow cytometrywere used to detect the ratio and ratio of Th17 and Treg cells in PBMC and real-time PCR were used to detect the mRNA expression levels of ROR-γt and Foxp3. ELISA method was used to detect serum IL-17 and TGF-β levels. Results: The PTPN22 gene -1123G>C (rs2488457) of GD patients has a certain correlation with Th17 and Treg cells and their factors in PBMC. The distribution frequencies of various genotypes and alleles were statistically different between GD patients and the control group (P<0.05), but they had nothing to do with iodine nutrition status. The C/G and C/C genotypes at the PTPN22 gene (1123 G>C) of may increase the risk of GD, while the G/G genotype may reduce the risk of GD. Conclusion: PTPN22 gene polymorphism (rs2488457) in GD patients and Th17 and Treg cells and their factors in PBMC are related to GD susceptibility.
Abstract: Background: PTPN22 is an important candidate gene for autoimmune diseases and its SNP is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diseases. Objective: To investigate the relationship between the PTPN22 gene polymorphism (rs2488457) and the Th17 and Treg cells and factors in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Graves' dis...
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Status Quo and Equity of Health Care Resources Allocation in China from 2016 to 2019: An Empirical Analysis
Zizhao Zhao,
Shiyuan Dai,
Zhong Sun,
Yaqi Yang,
Juan Luo,
Hao Gao,
Yao Zhao,
Shuwei Zhang,
Hongyu Chen,
Songwang Yang,
Na Dou,
Guozhong He,
Chuntao Chen
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
92-97
Received:
19 April 2021
Published:
24 May 2021
Abstract: Background: With the development of the social economy, medical and health resources in China have increased to varying degrees. However, it is inevitable that health financing and health talents are shifting to developed areas. Because of this, this study analyzes the current situation and equity of China's medical and health institutions from the number of health care institutions, beds in these institutions and health professionals. From the perspective of people needs, it provides a theoretical basis for optimizing China's medical and health resource allocation. Methods: We featured the status quo of China’s health care institutions with the following three aspects–the number of health care institutions, the number of beds in these institutions, and health professionals, and used the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient to perform quantitative analysis into health equity, and finally built a theoretical framework for how to optimize the allocation of health care resources in China from the standpoint of demand. Result: From 2016 to 2019, it showed an overall growth trend in China's various medical and health resources. The growth rate of the number of health care institutions was slow, from 0.3% to 1%. The growth rate of the number of beds in health institutions gradually decreased from 7.14% in 2016-2017 to 4.79% in 2018-2019. The growth rate of health professionals, remained steady at 6% between 2016 and 2019. The number of health professionals, in the east in 2019 is about 1.5 times as many as that in the west. In terms of population distribution, the number of health care institutions, beds in health institutions, and health professionals, is close to the line of equality. Its Gini coefficient is in a highly equal state (G<0.1). However, the number of health care institutions, beds in health institutions and, health professionals is far from the line of equality in terms of area distribution. Its Gini coefficient is in a state of disparity (G>0.5). Conclusion: From 2016 to 2019, the number of health resources in China has steadily increased. The Gini coefficients of medical and health institutions, beds, and health technicians distributed by population are all below 0.1, which is equality. On the other hand, China's health resources are unfair in terms of geographic dimensions. The Gini coefficient of health professionals is close to a dangerous state, which requires attention.
Abstract: Background: With the development of the social economy, medical and health resources in China have increased to varying degrees. However, it is inevitable that health financing and health talents are shifting to developed areas. Because of this, this study analyzes the current situation and equity of China's medical and health institutions from the...
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Research on Renal Injury in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patients with Different Thyroid Function
Rongqin Dai,
Qian Xu,
Yang Chen,
Ying Li,
Chao Shen Zhang,
Jinbiao Zhang
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
98-102
Received:
13 April 2021
Published:
24 May 2021
Abstract: Objective: To assess the relationship between thyroid function and renal injury in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Method: To select 156 diagnosed HT patients as the research object, according to whether there is renal injury, they were divided into renal injury group with 21 cases and non-renal injury group with 135 cases. According to the thyroid function, they were divided into HT hyperthyroidism group (Group A) with 19 cases, normal HT thyroid function group (Group B) with 37 cases, HT subclinical hypothyroidism group (Group C) with 61 cases, and HT hypothyroidism group (Group D) with 39 cases. Besides, 40 cases of healthy check-up people are selected as the control group. ECLIA is adopted to test the thyroid function index of each group, Serum cystatin C and 24-hour urinary microalbumin were measured by immunoturbidimetry, serum creatinine was measured by creatine oxidase method, and the endogenous creatinine clearance rate was calculated. Result: TSH, TPOAb and TGAb in renal injury group were distinctly higher than those in non-renal injury group, while FT3 and FT4 were distinctly lower than those in non-renal injury group; Comparison of serum creatinine in Hashimoto groups, Group D is significantly higher than other groups, Group C is obviously higher than Group A, Group B, and the control group, Group B is obviously higher than Group A, Group A is significantly lower than other groups; Comparison of cystatin C and creatinine clearance of each group, Group D is significantly lower than other groups, Group C is obviously lower than Group A, Group B, and the control group, Group B is obviously lower than Group A, Group A is significantly higher than other groups; Comparison of 24-hour urinary microalbumin of each group, Group D is significantly higher than other groups, Group C is obviously higher than Group A, Group B, and the control group, and the differences have statistic significance (P<0.05). The correlation analysis shows that FT3, FT4 are in negative correlation with serum creatinine and in positive correlation with cystatin C and creatinine clearance; TSH, TPOAb, TGAb is in positive correlation with 24-hour urinary microalbumin. Conclusion: There are obvious differences in renal function indexes of HT patients with different thyroid function states, which may be related to the effect of thyroid hormones and autoantibodies.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the relationship between thyroid function and renal injury in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Method: To select 156 diagnosed HT patients as the research object, according to whether there is renal injury, they were divided into renal injury group with 21 cases and non-renal injury group with 135 cases. According to the ...
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AFP Case Detection Along International Border Communities in Oyo State: Challenges, Opportunities and Threats
Bassey Enya Bassey,
Fiona Braka,
Sisay Gashu Tegene,
Gerald Sume,
Rosemary Onyibe,
Olufunmilola Olawumi Kolude,
Marion Mosunmola Osanoto,
Leonard Idemudia Ugheighele,
Ayomide Oluwaseyi Aibinuomo,
Joy Ogechi Max-Ikechebelu,
Olayiwola Suliat Olanike,
Angela Ugochukwu Okocha-Ejeko
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, May 2021
Pages:
103-108
Received:
16 March 2021
Accepted:
29 March 2021
Published:
26 May 2021
Abstract: A weak AFP surveillance system constitutes a major threat to Nigeria’s polio free certification status. This study investigates the factors that have affected AFP surveillance, case detection along the international border settlements of Oyo state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 26th-31th December 2018 using structured questionnaires uploaded onto Open Data Kit-collect (ODK) mobile software in 4 LGAs in Oyo state. Overall, 427 respondents (community members=420, community informants=7) participated in this study. On the average, 10% and 46% of the community members and informants could identify the various aspects of the AFP case definition. Majority of the community members weren’t aware of AFP surveillance neither were they aware of their AFP focal person/DSNO or where to report AFP cases. Barriers to case reporting include, irregular movements of commercial vehicles, swampy roads during rainy seasons, rocky roads during dry seasons; poor communication networks; and poor modes of transportation. The accessibility and difficulty of terrain along these international boarders has greatly hindered surveillance activities in their corresponding communities. If steps are taken to improve accessibility in such areas, we believe that AFP case detection and reporting would also improve.
Abstract: A weak AFP surveillance system constitutes a major threat to Nigeria’s polio free certification status. This study investigates the factors that have affected AFP surveillance, case detection along the international border settlements of Oyo state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 26th-31th December 2018 using structured ques...
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