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Factors Associated with Refusal to Treat HIV-Infected Patients: National Survey of Dentists in India
Ashish Bodhade,
Alka Dive,
Shubhangi Khandekar,
Akshay Dhoble,
Rohit Moharil,
Rahul Gayakwad,
Satyajit Tekade
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2013
Pages:
51-55
Received:
7 April 2013
Published:
2 May 2013
Abstract: Many medical problems are encountered during treatment of oral diseases as well as many oral problems occur due to underlying medical conditions which necessitate modification during dental treatment. Presence of medical problems my require alteration in treatment protocol & it is combined efforts of medical practitioner and dental surgeon. The present study was designed to assess the causes of distress perceived by Dentists as well as whether there is discriminatory attitudes towards HIV infected patients due to lack of knowledge about how to treat such patients. There should be knowledge, awareness amongst dentist regarding the standard protocol for treatment of patients with medical problems to avoid dis-crimination and can render possible dental health care.
Abstract: Many medical problems are encountered during treatment of oral diseases as well as many oral problems occur due to underlying medical conditions which necessitate modification during dental treatment. Presence of medical problems my require alteration in treatment protocol & it is combined efforts of medical practitioner and dental surgeon. The pre...
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A Cross Sectional Study on Prevalence of Diarrhoeal Disease and Nutritional Status Among Children Under 5-Years of Age In Kushtia, Bangladesh
Afroza Khatun,
Sk. Shahinur Rahman,
Hafizur Rahman,
Sabir Hossain
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2013
Pages:
56-61
Received:
28 March 2013
Published:
2 May 2013
Abstract: Children under 5 years old are most vulnerable and high risk group who need special health care services. Be-cause infectious diseases, diarrhea, malnutrition etc are very common in this group. This study was carried out among the total of 400 children in Kushtia from January 2008 to December 2008 and observed the prevalence of diarrhoea among them. A cross sectional survey was carried out to determine nutritional status of under-5years children by anthropometric measurement, MUAC measurement and bio-chemical assessment. Anthropometric measurements were performed by standard methods National Centre for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the United States. Amongst all the children higher proportion of children 47% were found to be malnourished (under weight) using W/A as indicator in the age range of 0-60 months. Amongst all the subjects’ prevalence of wasting and stunting was 51% and 49% respectively. Age group 0-12 months shows the highest prevalence of wasting, under weight and stunting. The prevalence of diarrhoea was found 44.5%. The maximum prevalence (48.86%) and frequency (1.7) of diarrhoea was present in 12-24 months of age. Factors that influence malnutrition and frequency of diarrhea were limited access to sanitation facilities, unhygienic water drinking and handling, mother’s education, misconception about food, infectious diseases and weaning practices. These results suggested that improving nutritional status of urban poor requires direct, focused and integrated strategies that are preferably community based and involve the behavior modification by education in addition to providing comprehensive preventive and curative health and nutritional services.
Abstract: Children under 5 years old are most vulnerable and high risk group who need special health care services. Be-cause infectious diseases, diarrhea, malnutrition etc are very common in this group. This study was carried out among the total of 400 children in Kushtia from January 2008 to December 2008 and observed the prevalence of diarrhoea among them...
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The Impact of Socio-Economic Conditions and Clinical Characteristics on Improving Childhood Care Seeking Behaviors for Families Living far from the Health Facility
Farzana Ferdous,
Sumon Kumar Das,
Shahnawaz Ahmed,
Fahmida Dil Farzana,
Guddu Kaur,
Mohammod Jobayer Chisti,
Abu Syed Golam Faruque
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2013
Pages:
69-76
Received:
5 May 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: Background: Lack of proper transportation and poor road infrastructure to the health facility act as a strong barrier for the adequate accessibility to healthcare services. There is lack of evidence based information particularly in Bangladesh examining the relationship between health care seeking behavior of mothers for their children with diarrhea and barriers such as distance to be travelled in reaching health facility. Objective: This study explored the factors that determine improving care seeking behaviors by the caregivers of under-5 children with diarrhea and also measured its impact due to living too far from a tertiary health facility in rural Bangladesh. Methodology: From January 2010 to December 2011, a total of 2,324 under-five children with diarrhea received treatment at Kumudini Womens’ Medical College and Hospital, Mirzapur, Tangail. Among them, 1,919 (83%) received treatment at home before coming to the health facility. Based on median value of 4 miles needed to travel, we divided distance into two groups: (i) >4 miles, (ii)≤4 miles. Results: Forty nine percent (n=1,144) of the diarrheal children presented to the facility from a distance of >4 miles and 86% of them received treatment at home before reporting to the hospital. Multivariate analysis revealed that age [aOR=0.72 (95% confidence interval;0.53, 0.99) p-value=0.042], longer distance [1.46 ( 1.15, 1.86) 0.002], onset of diarrhea (≥3days) [3.19 (2.37, 4.30) <0.001], stool frequency (>10 times/24 hours) [2.72 (2.05, 3.60) <0.001], presence of blood in stool [0.41 (0.31, 0.54) <0.001], vomiting [1.78 (1.38, 2.30) <0.001] and rotavirus infection [2.08 (1.49, 2.91) <0.001] were significantly associated with prior healthcare seeking behavior of children after controlling for other confounders. On the other hand, longer distance of the facility from home for children who received prior treatment was associated with children aged <2 years old [1.62 (1.26, 2.09) <0.001], electricity in the household [1.59 (1.23, 2.05) <0.001], vomiting [1.26 (1.03, 1.54) 0.028] and fever [1.42 (1.10, 1.83) 0.007] after adjusting for other co-variates. Conclusions: Longer distance of health facility delays seeking appropriate medical care from the facility rather parent seeks care from facilities to the next door of the locality. Clinical features such as fever, vomiting, and more stool frequency influence parents to get prior treatment before reporting to health facility, whether, presence of blood in stool influence parents in reporting directly to the health facility.
Abstract: Background: Lack of proper transportation and poor road infrastructure to the health facility act as a strong barrier for the adequate accessibility to healthcare services. There is lack of evidence based information particularly in Bangladesh examining the relationship between health care seeking behavior of mothers for their children with diarrhe...
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Deploying Actor -Network Theory to Analyse Telemedicine Implementation in Ghana
Eben Afarikumah,
S. Yunkap Kwankam
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2013
Pages:
77-84
Received:
27 March 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: This paper presents the pan African eNetwork for Telemedicine and Tele-education programme being run at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The study sought to understand eHealth implementation in low resource settings through the lens of actor-network theory. This theory is based on the sociology of translations, and was employed as a framework for exploring the pan African Telemedicine programme. Data collection was done between October, 2011 and June 2012, through triangulation of qualitative methods: interviews, participant observation, and document analysis. A total of 30 human and non-human actors’ were identified and semi-structured face-to-face interviews conducted with the human actors. Translation, the mechanism of progressive temporal social orders, or the transformation from one order to another through changes in the alignment of interest in a heterogeneous network (Sarker, Sarker and Sidorova, 2006), has not been effective and thus implementation of the eNetwork has not been successful. Future studies should focus on staff acceptance of the eNetwork
Abstract: This paper presents the pan African eNetwork for Telemedicine and Tele-education programme being run at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The study sought to understand eHealth implementation in low resource settings through the lens of actor-network theory. This theory is based on the sociology of translations, and was employed as a fra...
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HIV/AIDS Patients’ Satisfaction on ART Laboratory Service in Selected Governmental Hospitals, Sidamma Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Million Belay,
Seid Abrar,
Debela Bekele,
Derese Daka,
Moges Derbe,
Misganaw Birhaneselassie
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2013
Pages:
85-90
Received:
24 April 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: Background: Monitoring HIV/AIDS patient satisfaction is important and useful tool for quality improvement on ART laboratories in particular and health care organizations in general. Objectives: To assess satisfaction of HIV/AIDS patients at selected governmental hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, Sidama Zone. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted at Hawassa University Referral Hospital and Yirgalem Zonal Hospital ART laboratories. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews with HIV/AIDS patients at the exit of the ART laboratories. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS for windows version 20 & Epi info 7.1. Results: The rate of satisfaction of patients was statistically different among the study hospitals (p-value = 0.00). The Likert scale results of patient satisfaction of the laboratory services revealed that the mean rating values ranged from 3.07 (±0.96) to 4.25 (±0.56) out of a possible 5. While the patients were satisfied with the quality of laboratory in general and cleanliness and attractiveness of the laboratory room, they were dissatisfied with the location and cleanliness of the latrines used for specimen collection and information provided to patients during specimen collection. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS patients were generally satisfied with many of the ART laboratory services. There were differences in the levels of satisfaction of HIV/AIDS patients among the laboratories in the study hospitals in Southern Ethiopia, Sidama zone. There was a lower satisfaction rate observed in Hawassa University Referral Hospitals than in Yirgalem hospitals. Recommendations: The hospital administrators and laboratory chiefs should work on the enhancement of laboratory services. Hospital administration needs to work with laboratory units in designing laboratory infrastructure. A concerted effort to improve the cleanliness of the latrines is needed.
Abstract: Background: Monitoring HIV/AIDS patient satisfaction is important and useful tool for quality improvement on ART laboratories in particular and health care organizations in general. Objectives: To assess satisfaction of HIV/AIDS patients at selected governmental hospitals, Southern Ethiopia, Sidama Zone. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive ...
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Factors Contributing to Voluntary Counseling and Testing Uptake among Youth in Colleges of Harar, Ethiopia
Anteneh Dirar,
Bezatu Mengiste,
Haji Kedir,
Wanzahun Godana
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2013
Pages:
91-96
Received:
16 May 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: Background: Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is an integral component of HIV prevention and care strategies worldwide. Methods: A cross sectional study design was used to collect data. The collected data were entered in Epi Info version3.5.3. Data analyses were done using SPSS for windows version 16.0. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the data. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to measure the association between the dependent variable and independent variables calculating odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical significance was set at α. ≤ 0.05. Multivariable analyses were applied to identify the relative effect of explanatory variables on the dependent variable. Result: The prevalence of HIV testing was 52.8%. The finding also showed that students who are sexually active (AOR=1.261, CI=1.134, 1.822), youth having a boy/girl friend (AOR=1.233, CI=1.211, 2.923), youth having sex with their partner (AOR=3.823, CI=1.891, 7.730), who are willing to pay for VCT(AOR=2.233, CI=1.633, 3.052), those who discuss HIV/AIDS with their family (AOR=1.504, CI=1.029, 2.199), colleague utilized VCT (AOR=1.775, CI= 1.269, 2.482), were more likely to be tested. Conclusions and Recommendations: The results indicated that there is still less number of students utilized VCT service: therefore there is a need of further information, education and communication program with regard to increase VCT service uptake, expanding youth targeted VCT service.
Abstract: Background: Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) is an integral component of HIV prevention and care strategies worldwide. Methods: A cross sectional study design was used to collect data. The collected data were entered in Epi Info version3.5.3. Data analyses were done using SPSS for windows version 16.0. Descriptive analysis was used to descri...
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Morbidity and Associated Factors of Diarrheal Diseases Among Under Five Children in Arba-Minch District, Southern Ethiopia, 2012
Shikur Mohammed,
Marelign Tilahun,
Dessalegn Tamiru
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2013
Pages:
102-106
Received:
2 May 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: Introduction: Acute diarrheal disease among children younger than 5 years old remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Arba-Minch District diarrheal diseases are the second causes for clinical presentations. The aim of this study was to determine the morbidity and associated factors of diarrheal diseases among under five children in Arba-Minch District. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2012. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 590 households that had at least one under-five child. Data were collected using World Health Organization core questionnaire by trained data collectors. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, proportion and chi- square test) were used to describe the study population in relation to relevant variables. To identify independent predictors of childhood diarhea, only variables that were statistically significant during chi-square test were entered into multiple logistic regression models to control the effects of confounders. Result: the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five index children was 30.5%, which was significantly associated with child’s being from mothers of not attended formal education (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI =1.35, 2.53), being at the age of 6-23 months ((AOR = 2.78, 95% CI= 1.72, 4.55) and being from mothers of poor hand washing practice (AOR= 2.33, 95%CI =1.80, 4.15). Conclusion: The findings showed that the level of diarrheal morbidity is high in the study area. As significant number of the mothers do not have adequate knowledge on the occurrence and risk factor of diarrheal disease. Enhancing community based behavior change communications using multiple channels (radio) and community health workers is recommended to reduce the occurrence of childhood diarhea and associated consequences among children in the study area.
Abstract: Introduction: Acute diarrheal disease among children younger than 5 years old remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Arba-Minch District diarrheal diseases are the second causes for clinical presentations. The aim of this study was to determine the morbidity and associated factors of diarrheal diseases among under five child...
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