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Premarital Sexual Practice and Its Predictors Among Preparatory School Students Living with and Without Parents in Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia
Alemu Earsido Addila,
Nebiyu Dereje Abebe,
Wondwosen Abebe,
Ermias Abera Turuse
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
63-71
Received:
10 February 2020
Accepted:
24 February 2020
Published:
29 May 2020
Abstract: Globally, pre-marital sexual activities among adolescents have been reported to be increasing. Many studies in Sub- Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, had reported that there were increasing premarital sexual activities among adolescents and youths. Besides, they are risk-takers who are more likely to make decisions about the future without adequately considering the consequences. The study aimed to assess the premarital sexual practice and its predictors among preparatory school students living with and without parents in Hossana Town, Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based comparative cross-sectional study design was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. The sample size was determined by using EPI INFO version 3.5.3 software of two population proportions. The sample size for students who were living without parents and with parents was 202 and 404, respectively, and the overall sample size including a 10% non-response rate was 606. The predictors of pre-marital sexual debut were assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. The magnitude of pre-marital sexual practice was 105 (27%) and 76 (39%) among students who were living with and without their parents, respectively. Watching pornography videos [AOR=4.9, 95% CI: 2.4, 10.2], discussing about sexual issues with their friends or peers [AOR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.72, 7.15], drinking alcohol [AOR=6.62, 95% CI: 2.26, 19.36], and educational status of the father were predictors for students who live with their parents while discussing about sex with [AOR=5, 95% CI: 1.12, 5.6], watching pornography videos [AOR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.16, 6.07] drinking alcohol [AOR=6.0, 95% CI: 1.2, 29.7] were also predictors for students who live without their parents. The prevalence of pre-marital sexual practice was high in both groups; especially students who live without their parents. Thus, public health interventions should predominately focus on behavioral, social, and environmental factors of pre-marital sexual practices.
Abstract: Globally, pre-marital sexual activities among adolescents have been reported to be increasing. Many studies in Sub- Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, had reported that there were increasing premarital sexual activities among adolescents and youths. Besides, they are risk-takers who are more likely to make decisions about the future without adequa...
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The Influence of Physical Activity on Quality of Life in Morbidly Obese Patients with Urinary Dysfunction
Jessica Eloa Poletto,
Daniela Tezoto Rizzo,
Elaine Cristina Cândido,
Ana Maria Neder,
Felipe David Mendonça Chaim,
Elinton Adami Chaim
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
72-76
Received:
27 April 2020
Accepted:
27 May 2020
Published:
3 June 2020
Abstract: Obesity is a disease characterized by excess fat in the body that results in damage to health. Several cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and some neoplasms are considered to be comorbidities related to obesity, as well as urinary dysfunction and, as a result, a deficit in quality of life. Adherence to physical activity can be part of the adoption of healthier lifestyles and assist in the treatment of obesity and comorbidities related to it, as well as urinary dysfunction and quality of life. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of physical activity on the quality of life of morbidly obese individuals who have urinary dysfunction. This is a cross-sectional observational pilot study. The anthropometric variables collected were weight; height; Body Mass Index (BMI); and average waist circumference. The level of physical activity of the patients was assessed using IPAQ SF –International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. To characterize the patients in relation to the percentage of fat, the Prediction Equation for Obese Individuals – Women was used. Urinary incontinence was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Quality of life was assessed using the questionnaire WHOQOL BREF –World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Bref. A total of 47 individuals were approached and evaluated, being 31 active and 16 sedentary. There was no significant correlation between the variables analyzed in the group of active individuals. However, in the group of sedentary individuals, significant negative correlations were found between BMI and quality of life general (R=-0.610; p=0.011), physical domain (R=-0.642; p=0.007) and psychological domain (R=-0.625; p=0.009); and between percentage of fat and quality of life general (R=-0.609; p=0.012), physical domain (R=-0.637; p=0.007) and psychological domain (R=-0.590; p=0.015). Among sedentary obese people with urinary dysfunction, a significant impairment of quality of life was registered, especially in the general scope and in the physical and psychological domains. In the group of active obese patients with urinary dysfunction, there was no significant correlation between the variables analyzed.
Abstract: Obesity is a disease characterized by excess fat in the body that results in damage to health. Several cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and some neoplasms are considered to be comorbidities related to obesity, as well as urinary dysfunction and, as a result, a deficit in quality of life. Adherence to physical activity ca...
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Detection and Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella in Faeces of Foodborne Disease Patients
Liu Guihua,
Huang Xin,
Zhang Weiyu,
Wang Yanqiu
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
77-82
Received:
6 May 2020
Accepted:
22 May 2020
Published:
4 June 2020
Abstract: Objective: To detect the drug resistance of Salmonella isolated from the faeces samples of patients with food-borne diseases, and to know the drug resistance status and development trend of food-borne pathogens in our province. Methods: Enrichment, color medium separation, API20E biochemistry and Thai serum Identification. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Salmonella to 15 kinds of antibiotics were quantitatively determined by micro broth dilution method. Results: 123 food-borne Salmonella strains were resistant to ampicillin (AMP), NALIDIXIC acid (NAL), tetracycline (TET), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), ampicillin / sulbactam (AMS), CEFAZOLIN (CFZ), chloramphenicol (CHL), CEFOTAXIME (CTX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), azithromycin (AZM), gentamicin (GEN), cefoxitin (CFX), ceftazidime (CAZ). The drug resistance rates were 87.80%, 84.6%, 69.1%, 50.4%, 39.0%, 34.1%, 26.0%, 26.0%, 26.0%, 24.3%, 19.5%, 2.4% and 0.8% respectively. IMP and ERY were both sensitive. Among them, 90 strains were resistant to more than 3 kinds of antibiotics, and the multidrug resistance rate was 73.2%. MIC results ranged from 1μg / mL to > 64 μg / mL. The total strains were divided into 15 serotypings, including Salmonella Enteritidis (58.5%), Salmonella Typhimurium (16.3%), and Salmonella Stanley (4.9%). The most common distribution of the 57 resistant strains were AMP-TET-NAL-and AMP-NAL-11 strains, followed by NAL-10 strains, AMP-AMS-TET-NAL-7 strains, and multi-resistant strains ranged from 3 to 11 antibiotics. Conclusion: The serotypings of Salmonella isolated from faeces samples of patients from food borne disease surveillance sites in hospitals in Jilin province were mainly S. Enteritis and S. Enterica, and the strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The surveillance of drug resistance of Salmonella in food-borne diseases should be strengthened to ensure food safety and human health.
Abstract: Objective: To detect the drug resistance of Salmonella isolated from the faeces samples of patients with food-borne diseases, and to know the drug resistance status and development trend of food-borne pathogens in our province. Methods: Enrichment, color medium separation, API20E biochemistry and Thai serum Identification. The minimal inhibitory co...
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Research Progress on Regulatory T Cells and Their Relationship with Autoimmune Diseases
Cuicui Wang,
Zhaoxin Mu,
Zhenjiang Hou
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2020
Pages:
83-91
Received:
11 April 2020
Published:
4 June 2020
Abstract: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells with immunosuppressive functions. They secrete IL-10, TGF-âand other suppressive cytokines and direct contact among cells to suppress the autoimmunity response of effector T cells, promote immune tolerance, which has a very important role in maintaining the body’s homeostasis. Foxp3 is a specific transcription factor of Treg cells and plays a key role in the regulation of Treg cell development and function. Treg and Th17 cells are derived from the differentiation of the same type of initial CD4+T cells. The direction of differentiation depends on the type of cytokines in the environment. The functions of them are opposite to each other and transform each other under certain conditions. It plays an important role in inducing immune tolerance and preventing the occurrence of autoimmune diseases (AID). Once immune imbalance, it will lead to the occurrence of immune-related diseases. The decrease of its number or function will affect the immune state of the body, cause disorders of autoimmune tolerance and lead to the occurrence of AID. This article reviews the research of Treg and their cytokines in AID in order to understand the role of Treg in the pathogenesis of AID, and open a new way for the treatment of AID.
Abstract: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells with immunosuppressive functions. They secrete IL-10, TGF-âand other suppressive cytokines and direct contact among cells to suppress the autoimmunity response of effector T cells, promote immune tolerance, which has a very important role in maintaining the body’s homeostasis. Foxp3 is a specific t...
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