Abstract: Pneumonic pasteurellosis causes a significant economic loss in small ruminant production but its control is complicated because of drug resistance development. It is multifactorial but the most frequently isolated bacterial species are Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica), and Bibersteinia trehalosi (B. trehalosi). The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of those commonly isolated respiratory pathogens of sheep and goats were determined to get insight for better antimicrobial therapy. The isolates were identified from pneumonic sheep and goats by Assosa Agricultural Research Center from November 2019 to April 2020 in Assosa and Bambasi woredas of Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State. 25 isolates from pneumonic sheep and 11 isolates from pneumonic goats preserved at Assosa Regional Veterinary Laboratory were tested against commonly used antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolates were carried out using the disc diffusion method. The identified isolates were susceptible to Sulfonamide (94.4%) and Norfloxacin (91.7%). However, they were resistant to Streptomycin (88.9%) and Kanamycin (80.6%), and intermediate to Trimethoprim (55.6%). From all of the isolates, 42.4% of sheep and 40% of goat origin were resistant to all antimicrobial discs tested. About 31 out of 36 (86.6%) isolates were resistant to two or more discs and 69.4% of them were resistant to Streptomycin and Kanamycin. 81.8% (9/11) from goats and 64% (16/25) isolates from sheep were resistant to Streptomycin and Kanamycin. Eight out of thirty-six (22.2%) were resistant to three discs and none of them were resistant to four or more discs tested. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility monitoring programs for P. multocida, M. haemolytica, and B. trehalosi are crucial for proper antimicrobial therapy. Sulfonamide and Norfloxacin were preferred from the antimicrobial discs tested and are suggested to treat pneumonic sheep and goats. Further characterization of the isolates through a more specific diagnostic marker is recommended.Abstract: Pneumonic pasteurellosis causes a significant economic loss in small ruminant production but its control is complicated because of drug resistance development. It is multifactorial but the most frequently isolated bacterial species are Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), Mannheimia haemolytica (M. haemolytica), and Bibersteinia trehalosi (B. treh...Show More
Abstract: The production of indole acetic acid (IAA) by plant growth-promoting microorganisms is one of the most important factors for plant growth. Present research work deals with the characterization and optimization of different physiological conditions for IAA production by the fungus Talaromyces trachyspermus. Different environmental factors and medium components were optimized for the production of IAA by fungal culture. Effect of pH, temperature, aeration and concentration of precursor i.e. L-Tryptophan was evaluated on the biomass of fungus along with the IAA production. This work also focused on the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources in the media for the growth of Talaromyces trachyspermus and IAA production The maximum production of IAA was observed in 15 days of incubation under the condition of 6.5 pH, 28°C temperature, and 140 RPM, in presence of 0.5% of tryptophan, 4% glucose and 0.1% sodium nitrate. After optimization, the yield of IAA by fungal culture was increased up to 0.78 fold as compared to initial production. IAA production by fungal culture was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and HPLC analysis. Optimization of IAA production by Talaromyces trachyspermus can be useful for the large-scale production of agriculturally important bioactive metabolites. Moreover, the plant growth-promoting efficiency of this fungal culture makes it novel bio-inoculants for sustainable agriculture.Abstract: The production of indole acetic acid (IAA) by plant growth-promoting microorganisms is one of the most important factors for plant growth. Present research work deals with the characterization and optimization of different physiological conditions for IAA production by the fungus Talaromyces trachyspermus. Different environmental factors and medium...Show More
Abstract: The bacteria Pseudomonas is being used as biological control agent and it is safe alternative for the fungicide. Our objective was to optimize the nutrition and environmental condition for biomass and antifungal efficiency and to evaluate it against wilt disease caused by F. Oxysporum in soybean. Pseudomonas fluorescence, showed antagonistic properties, in vitro, against the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum by dual culture. Effect of the separated secondary metabolites on the fungal growth by broth dilution technique and antifungal activity by agar well diffusion technique was studied. The present studies, purified metabolite of the Pseudomonas fluorescence inhibited the Fusarium oxysporum at the concentration of 0.5% that was analyzed by well diffusion method. The secondary metabolites was subjected for TLC. Further, purified effective metabolite was analyzed by HPLC and GC-MS with its Retension time molecular weight as 2,4 DAPG. In our studies we optimized, the metabolite concentration by OVAT. The number of variable factors was optimized showed that Glucose, Peptone and mineral salts are significantly increasing the production of DAPG up to 38.47ug/ml. Furthermore, RSM suggested that glucose peptone and mineral salt would result in the maximum production of the 2,4Diacetyl Phloroglucinol 46.5 ug/ml. Under natural condition, P. fluorescence formulation was effective in reducing Fusarium wilt in soybean. Seed treatment with Pseudomonas protected crop from disease in comparing of fungicide. In addition, the obtained results showed that bacterial treatment signifi-cantly increased the growth parameters as well as dry weights and yield.Abstract: The bacteria Pseudomonas is being used as biological control agent and it is safe alternative for the fungicide. Our objective was to optimize the nutrition and environmental condition for biomass and antifungal efficiency and to evaluate it against wilt disease caused by F. Oxysporum in soybean. Pseudomonas fluorescence, showed antagonistic proper...Show More
