Research Article
Qualitative Analysis of Mycotoxins by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Sowmya Kengarangappa Lakshman,
Ramalingappa Bellibatlu*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
1-5
Received:
27 December 2023
Accepted:
6 January 2024
Published:
18 January 2024
Abstract: Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by various molds and fungi. While they are more commonly associated with crops such as grains, nuts, and fruits, they can also be found in bakery food products that use these ingredients as raw materials. The presence of mycotoxins in bakery products can pose health risks if consumed in large quantities. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites generated by several species of fungus that have a negative impact on food quality and are dangerous for both people and animals. Aflatoxins (AF), Fumonisins (FUM), Deoxynivalenol (DON), Ochratoxin A (OTA), Zearalenone (ZEA), Patulin (PAT), and Citrinin (CIT) are the most prominent and commercially relevant mycotoxins TLC has become a remarkably efficient, fast, and, in most circumstances, inexpensive separation technique in mycotoxicology. In this study, mycotoxins from various fungi, including Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Fusarium species, Mucor species, Nocardia species, Trichoderma species, Curvularia species, Bipolaris species, Rhizopus species, and Alternaria species, are screened using TLC (Thin layer chromatography) analysis metod, an easy physicochemical experiment, to determine whether they are present in bakery products. The extraction of mycotoxins used a variety of solvent systems. The study focused on the detection of mycotoxins in bakery food samples using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) technique. Fungal species, including Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp, Fusarium sp, Mucor sp, Nocardia sp, Trichoderma sp, Curvularia sp, Bipolaris sp, Rhizopus sp, and Alternaria sp, were screened for mycotoxins. The TLC plates were visualized under visible light and UV light to identify the presence of mycotoxins. The study's ultimate objective is to find the precise mycotoxins that the targeted fungi species includes. Findings of this study can help create methods for preventing the formation of mould and extending the shelf life of bakery products.
Abstract: Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by various molds and fungi. While they are more commonly associated with crops such as grains, nuts, and fruits, they can also be found in bakery food products that use these ingredients as raw materials. The presence of mycotoxins in bakery products can pose health risks if consumed in large quan...
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Research Article
Evaluation of Rhizobial Strain of Faba Bean for Symbiotic Performance Grown in Acid-Prone Areas, Guagusa Shekudad District
Mamo Bekele*,
Getachew Yilma
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, April 2024
Pages:
6-11
Received:
11 December 2023
Accepted:
2 January 2024
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a legume crop grown primarily for its edible seeds (beans) and a major legume seed consumed by humans worldwide. So as boost its productivity, application of naturally symbiotic fertilizer is essential. Hence, the objective of this trial was to evaluate rhizobia naturally associated with faba bean for acidic soil. In order to deadline the mentioned goals, different nodule data and yield attributing traits were taken and evaluated based on standard procedure. Accordingly, the highest nodule number (151 per plant) were obtained when the faba bean were inoculated with rhizobia isolate FB-EM-05 in year 1 and 40.7 per plant were obtained when there were no any inoculations of Faba bean seed in year 2. Additionally the highest nodule dry weight 1.1 and 0.68 gram per plant were obtained when the faba bean isolate were inoculated with FB-EM-05 and FB-NS-03 respectively in 2019. The highest biomass per hectare 11111.11kg were obtained when the seeds treated with rhizobia isolates FB-NS-03. The highest grain yield 2883.69 kg per hectare were obtained from faba bean inoculated with isolate FB-NS-03 which increase the grain yield about 24.14 percent over the negative control in year 2019. However, the highest above ground biomass (4500 kg per hectare) among the rhizobia isolate was recorded from isolate FB-EM-02 and the highest grain yield was obtained from faba bean treated with isolate FB-EM-05 and yielded about 1532.3kg per hectare. Overall, the highest Faba bean grain yield was obtained when the seeds were treated with isolate FB-NS-03 account for the result of 2297 kilogram per hectare and will be used for biofertilizer production.
Abstract: Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a legume crop grown primarily for its edible seeds (beans) and a major legume seed consumed by humans worldwide. So as boost its productivity, application of naturally symbiotic fertilizer is essential. Hence, the objective of this trial was to evaluate rhizobia naturally associated with faba bean for acidic soil. In or...
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Research Article
Seasonal Population Trends of Microbial Communities in Oil Tainted Soils in Greater Port Harcourt Area, Nigeria
Wanjala Paul Muyoma*,
Boadu Kwasi Opoku,
Eliud Nalianya Wafula,
Etela Ibisime
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2024
Pages:
12-28
Received:
21 December 2023
Accepted:
6 January 2024
Published:
20 February 2024
Abstract: The utilization of oil in industries has devastating effect to the environment. Industrial effluents and oil spills are continuously contaminating the soil. Further, seasonality influences the distribution of pollutants in soil. Consequently, soil microbial biota and ecological processes are affected. This study assessed the effect of seasonality on soil fungal and bacterial communities in oil contaminated soils in 12 selected sites in Greater Port Harcourt Area. Standard analytical procedures were used to obtain bio-physicochemical data from the soil samples and t test was used to analyse data. The levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were above 5000 ppm (DPR recommended limit). There was significant difference (p ≤ 0.000) between the means of TPH in wet and dry seasons. Seasonality influenced % HUF and % HUB in the soils of urban, industrial and agricultural sites. Generally, the seasonality trends showed that there was a declining population of THB, HUB, TF, and HUF from the wet season to the dry season. However, the results show that there was a stable trend in % HUB as compared to oscillations observed in % HUF in oil tainted soils across a seasonal divide. We recommend characterization of the microorganism to identify the best candidate for bioremediation of oil tainted soils across a seasonal divide.
Abstract: The utilization of oil in industries has devastating effect to the environment. Industrial effluents and oil spills are continuously contaminating the soil. Further, seasonality influences the distribution of pollutants in soil. Consequently, soil microbial biota and ecological processes are affected. This study assessed the effect of seasonality o...
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