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Review Article
A Review on the Overview of Trichoderma - A Versatile Biocontrol Agent and Plant Growth Promotor
Yogasankari Raju
,
Ganesh Punamalai*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
19-25
Received:
22 March 2025
Accepted:
3 April 2025
Published:
27 April 2025
Abstract: Trichoderma is an economically important microorganism that arises from farming fields to industry. Trichoderma species are beneficial microorganisms in agro-ecosystems, enhancing soil health, promoting crop growth, and encouraging the uptake and utilization of micro- and macronutrients through mutualistic endophytic associations. It regulates microbial interactions and influences the soil microbiome through direct antagonism and competition, particularly in the rhizosphere. Trichoderma species serve as biocontrol agents and enhancers of plant growth, highlighting their pivotal role in advancing sustainable agricultural practices. This study explored the ecological flexibility of Trichoderma, which thrives in soil and forms beneficial relationships with plants, leading to improved nutrient uptake, increased crop yields, and greater disease resistance. This review discusses the potential of Trichoderma in promoting plant growth through the solubilization of nutrients and the production of phytohormones, reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. As eco-friendly substitutions to conventional chemical pesticides in disease management and crop development, biocontrol agents have gained prominence. Species of Trichoderma possess grown into a flexible tool for biocontrol, biofertilization, and phyto-stimulation, and they assemble a key microbial community that impacts climate-resilient agriculture. Recent studies have highlighted Trichoderma's capacity to improve soil health and establish sustainable farming methods, making it an essential element in tackling environmental sustainability and food production problems.
Abstract: Trichoderma is an economically important microorganism that arises from farming fields to industry. Trichoderma species are beneficial microorganisms in agro-ecosystems, enhancing soil health, promoting crop growth, and encouraging the uptake and utilization of micro- and macronutrients through mutualistic endophytic associations. It regulates micr...
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Review Article
The Role of Microbiomes in Plant Health and Disease Management
Tsigehana Yewste*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
26-35
Received:
23 December 2024
Accepted:
23 January 2025
Published:
14 May 2025
Abstract: Microbiomes, the diverse communities of microorganisms residing in and around plants, play a critical role in shaping plant health and disease outcomes. These microbial communities, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, interact with plants in complex ways, influencing nutrient uptake, growth, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. Beneficial microbes within the plant microbiome can enhance plant resilience by promoting growth, outcompeting pathogens, and activating plant immune responses. In contrast, pathogenic microbes can disrupt plant health, leading to disease outbreaks that impact agricultural productivity. The dynamic balance between beneficial and harmful microorganisms is crucial for disease management strategies. Advances in microbiome research have highlighted the potential of microbiome-based approaches, such as microbial inoculants and biocontrol agents, to manage plant diseases sustainably. Understanding the mechanisms governing plant-microbe interactions can lead to innovative solutions for integrated disease management, enhancing crop protection while minimizing reliance on chemical pesticides. This review explores the multifaceted roles of plant-associated microbiomes in health and disease, emphasizing their potential in sustainable agriculture and future crop protection strategies.
Abstract: Microbiomes, the diverse communities of microorganisms residing in and around plants, play a critical role in shaping plant health and disease outcomes. These microbial communities, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, interact with plants in complex ways, influencing nutrient uptake, growth, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. Be...
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Research Article
Symbiotic Properties of Rhizobium from Crotalaria Ocroleuca Used for Intercropping in CoffeePlantations in South-West Ethiopia
Animaw Jarra*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
36-51
Received:
5 April 2025
Accepted:
27 April 2025
Published:
12 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.fem.20251102.13
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Views:
Abstract: Symbiosis between Rhizobium and legumes are a cheaper and usually more effective agronomic practice for ensuring an adequate supply of nitrogen for legume based crop and pasture production than the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Crolotalaria ocroleuca is one of the members of crotalaria grown as cover crop or inter crop in southern and south western parts of Ethiopia. Nineteen isolates were isolated from the root nodules of Crolotalaria ocroleuca from coffee growing area in Godere Wereda, Gambella region. Presumptive tests and microscopic features confirmed that the isolates were rod shaped and gram-negative rhizobia. Based on colony and growth characters the isolates were grouped into two groups. Accordingly, 15 isolates were fast growing and acid producing Rhizobium spp; whereas four isolates (AAUCR4. AAUCR9, AAUCR14 and AAUCR18) were slow growing and alkali producing Brady rhizobium spp. Most of the isolates utilized the carbohydrates; sorbitol, xylose, and lactose, whereas only 26% and 15% were able to utilize starch and Na-citrate, respectively. All isolates were resistant to kanamycin and erythromycin at lower concentration of 2.5 and 5 µm/ml. Only 68% and 79% were résistance at (2.5 µm/ml) and 63% and 16% of the isolates were resistant at (5 µm/ml) to neomycin and gentamycin, respectively whereas isolates (AAUCR9 and AAUCR18) were resistant to all the tested antibiotics. The isolates also showed variability in their physiological characteristics. All isolates grew at 30°C. while, 63% and 53% of the isolates were able to tolerate 15°C and 40°C respectively. All isolates were able to grow at lower salt concentration (1-2%), and five isolates (26%) showed tolerance up to 4%. Only isolate (AAUCR9) was considered highly osmo-tolerant since it grew at 5% of salt concentration. Amongst the isolates, 21% were able to form clear zones around their colonies on Pikovaskaya’s medium and hence, they were considered as phosphate solubilisers with solubilisation index ranging from (2.2 -3). Relative effectiveness of the isolates was calculated by dry mass of the inoculated plant over the dry mass of positive control has significant difference within and among the treatment and positive and negative control at (p<0.05 Tukey’s test HSD) and accordingly, 47%, and 32%, of the isolates (79%) were highly effective (80-100%), and effective (50-80%) in nitrogen fixation. Generally, with over all competency analysis measurement two isolates AAUCR9 and AAUCR18 were the best isolates in terms of effective nitrogen fixation and tolerance to various ecological features that could make them competent against prospective candidates under field conditions.
Abstract: Symbiosis between Rhizobium and legumes are a cheaper and usually more effective agronomic practice for ensuring an adequate supply of nitrogen for legume based crop and pasture production than the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Crolotalaria ocroleuca is one of the members of crotalaria grown as cover crop or inter crop in southern and south w...
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