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Detection of Multidrug-Resistance Gram-Negative Bacteria from Hospital Sewage in North East, Nigeria
Adam Mustapha,
Turgut Imir
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
1-7
Received:
4 December 2018
Accepted:
18 January 2019
Published:
22 February 2019
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is on the verge of becoming top killer globally if left unattended in few decades to come. Much focus has been on clinical use and misuse of antibiotics and non-therapeutic applications in agriculture are blamed for the emergence of resistance. However, the rising incident of environmental spread of antibiotic is a major public health concern. The purpose of this study is to investigate the occurrence of gram-negative bacteria from hospitals sewage and evaluate the multi-drug resistant pattern of the isolates in the study area. Sample from five government’s hospitals in Damaturu, Northern Nigeria were collected. The bacteria were quantified using pour plating method; colonies were counted and further characterized by morphological and biochemical characteristics using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by Kirby-Baur disc diffusion method. A total of 1377 gram-negative isolates were identified; Escherichia coli (331, 24.0%), Salmonella enteric (187, 13.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (113, 8.20%), Proteus mirabilis (69, 5.01%), Klebsiella pneumoniea (271, 19.6%), Vibrio cholera (89, 6.4%), Morganella morganii (77, 5.59%), Shigella species (201, 14.5%), Citrobacter fruendii (51, 3.70%) and Moraxella catarrhalis (48, 3.48%). The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was calculated, and found that all the isolates were multi-drug resistant except Morganella morganii. The MARI exhibited by the isolates ranged from 0.2 to 1.0%. Escherichia coli was leading resistant isolate (100%) to the ten antibiotics tested, while other isolates studied exhibited resistance to at least three or more antibiotics tested. Resistance was highest to Nalidixic acid (100%) and lowest with Ciprofloxacin and Augmentin (30% each). This study found multi-drug resistance gram-negative bacteria of both clinical and public health importance, thus hospital sewage housed antibiotic resistant bacteria and aids the spread in environment. Further research will look at the molecular characterization of the antibiotic resistant genes in the study area.
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is on the verge of becoming top killer globally if left unattended in few decades to come. Much focus has been on clinical use and misuse of antibiotics and non-therapeutic applications in agriculture are blamed for the emergence of resistance. However, the rising incident of environmental spread of antibiotic is a major publi...
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Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus
Sumya Afroze,
Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui,
Belkis Fatama
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
8-13
Received:
7 January 2019
Accepted:
11 February 2019
Published:
5 March 2019
Abstract: Water contaminated with harmful pathogen and due to the lack of access to safe drinking water can cause various health defects like infection, water born disease and undesirable appearance of water. This study is focused to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Chittagong University campus which is one of the mostly populated University in Bangladesh. To determine the microbial quality of drinking water, water was collected from three highly populated place of the campus and the sampling sites were canteen of Biological Science Faculty, Deshnetri Begum Khaleda Zia Hall and Canteen near Shahid Minar. For collecting water samples three random place were selected from those collection sites and water samples were collected using standard procedure for three consecutive days. The temperature and pH was measured at the sampling site; for checking bacteriological parameters (total coliform and fecal coliform) were tested for each sample and their potential for health hazard were measured. Average viable bacterial count in the samples were 13.19×106, 9.32 ×106 and 9.7×106 respectively in sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3. The results of the study demonstrated that physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water at sources was not up to the mark. But water from canteen near Shahid Minar (Sample 3) has a very high risk of infection as the number of coliform is >1100 and fecal coliform ≅93 and Salmonella was present in that place, demonstrated that water from this site is not safe for drinking. Also Salmonella was found in drinking water sample of canteen of Biological Science Faculty (Sample 1). Possible cause of water contamination may be the irrational practice of drawing water from pipe by suction, improper layout of water supply lines and sewer there might be crossing between them and poor hygienic practice and illiteracy of workers of canteen people. It is recommended that to carryout regular monitoring, crosscheck of the water supply lines.
Abstract: Water contaminated with harmful pathogen and due to the lack of access to safe drinking water can cause various health defects like infection, water born disease and undesirable appearance of water. This study is focused to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Chittagong University campus which is one of the mostly populated Univers...
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Biodegradation of Crude Oil-Polluted Soil by Bacterial Isolates from Nigeria
Umeaku Chinyelu Nkiru,
Emmy-egbe Ifeyinwa Orsla,
Ukoha Chinwe Clarice,
Ezenwa Somadina Emmanuel,
Chris-Umeaku Chiamaka Ijeoma
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
14-28
Received:
14 June 2018
Accepted:
7 August 2018
Published:
11 March 2019
Abstract: Biodegradation of crude oil-polluted soils by bacterial isolates was carried out experimentally, to determine the ability of bacterial isolate to utilize and detoxify crude oil-polluted soils. Three soil samples were collected from crude oil-polluted sites of Owazangboko, Abia State, Aguleri-otu, Anambra State and Obi-igbo, Rivers State, Nigeria. Microbiological analysis and physico-chemical analysis were carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli. Physico-chemical analysis was carried out to determine the pH, moisture content, water holding capacity and total organic carbon of the soil samples. Microbiological analysis was carried out using serial dilution and spread plate methods to determine the total viable count, enumeration of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) was done using vapour phase method on mineral salt agar monitored at the wavelength of 600nm for 5 days. Adaptation test was carried out and monitored for 5 days using mineral salt broth containing 1ml and 2ml of sterile crude oil separately. A consortium of six effective isolates was taken for the biodegradation of the crude oil, which was monitored for 14 days. Biochemical tests were carried out on the isolates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Gas chromatographic flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used to monitor the amount of the residual total petroleum hydrocarbon after the biodegradation study. Results of physic-chemical analysis showed; pH value of 3.7– 6.6, moisture content 1.6 – 4.4., water holding capacity 28.0 – 32.0., total organic carbon 3.4 – 7.1. Results of total viable count were in the range of 7.1×106 - 5.9×1010. Results of vapour phase method ranged from 0.16 – 0.66. Adaptability test revealed values, 0.11 – 0.54. Biochemical test results revealed Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp., Micrococcus spp., Arthrobacter spp., Proteus spp., Shigella spp. PCR results gave the identity of the organisms to be Lysinibacillus spp. M2c, Serratia marcescens Mb4, Bacillus aerius TPM-23, Proteus mirabilis LS-3 and a new unidentified bacterium. TPH concentrations were in the range of 582.67 mg/l – 123.67 mg/l for Lysinibacillus spp. M2c and Serratia marcescens Mb4, 682.65 – 203.85 mg/l for Bacillus aerius TPM-23and 753.32 mg/l – 324.77 mg/l for Proteus mirabilis LS-3 and the new unidentified bacterium. The effect of bacterial growth across the days showed a p-value of 0.000 less than the α-value 0.01, this concluded that the growth of the bacteria across the days was significant for both vapour phase test and adaptability test. From this study it is evident that Serratia marcescens Mb4 and Lysinibacillus spp. M2c could be used to effectively treat crude oil-polluted environment.
Abstract: Biodegradation of crude oil-polluted soils by bacterial isolates was carried out experimentally, to determine the ability of bacterial isolate to utilize and detoxify crude oil-polluted soils. Three soil samples were collected from crude oil-polluted sites of Owazangboko, Abia State, Aguleri-otu, Anambra State and Obi-igbo, Rivers State, Nigeria. M...
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Effect of Indole Acetic Acid Producing Bacteria and Hormone Applications on Essential Oil Components of Satureja hortensis L
Goltay Mosber,
Ramazan Çakmakçı,
Meral Kutlu,
Halit Karagoz
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019
Pages:
29-35
Received:
13 February 2019
Accepted:
14 March 2019
Published:
8 April 2019
Abstract: The impacts of plant growth-promoting bacteria on aromatic plant species are poorly known. This study was conducted in order to evaluate possible impacts of mineral fertilizer, plant growth regulators [PGR, Indole 3-acetic acid + benzylaminopurine IAA+BAP and BAP] and five N2-fixing, P-solubilizing, IAA-producing bacterial strains, as biofertilizer on growth, yield and quality characteristics of the plant, essential oil content and major component of the essential of summer savory. GC-MS was used to analyze the hydro-distilled essential oils. Multi-traits bacterial inoculation and PGR applications stimulated overall plant growth, including drug and fresh herb yield, essential oil ratio and yield, crucial oil components such as carvacrol of savory. The presence of at least thirty one compounds were identified in analysed samples, representing 98.7-100% of the total oil contents. In terms of general categories, the chemical profile of the oils with carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene and α-terpinene as the basic components was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons.
Abstract: The impacts of plant growth-promoting bacteria on aromatic plant species are poorly known. This study was conducted in order to evaluate possible impacts of mineral fertilizer, plant growth regulators [PGR, Indole 3-acetic acid + benzylaminopurine IAA+BAP and BAP] and five N2-fixing, P-solubilizing, IAA-producing bacterial strains, as biofertilizer...
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