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Bacterial Bioagents and Compost as Two Tools for Management of Eggplant Fusarium Wilt
Khairy Abdel-Maksoud Abada,
Amany Mohamed Farouk Attia,
Ibrahim Abdel-Moneim El-Fiki
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
1-10
Received:
20 December 2017
Accepted:
16 January 2018
Published:
2 February 2018
Abstract: Isolation trials from the roots of wilted eggplant plants grown at five governorates yielded many fungal isolates. The isolates of the fungus F. oxysporum were selected to test their pathogenicity and Kalubia isolate was the most virulent one. The fungus was virulent to eggplant and no apparent infection was found in case of the other seven tested plants. Therefore, the fungus F. oxysporum named Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. melongenae Fomg. All the tested bioagents and compost tea caused significant reduction to the linear growth of F.o. f.sp. melongenae and the germinated conidiospores compared with control treatment. Adding the two tested bioagents, i.e. B. subtilis and P. fluorescens each alone or in combination to the infested soil with the causal pathogen resulted in significant reduction to eggplant wilt with significant increase to plant height as well as the number of fruits and their weight / plant compared with control treatment. Moreover, amending the soil with compost increased the efficiency of the two bioagents in reducing the disease and increasing the produced fruit yield compared with the clay soil only. In addition, the fungicide Topsin M-70 was the superior treatment in reducing the severity of the disease and increasing plant height and the produced fruit yield followed by the combination of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens. The total phenol compounds were greatly increased in the bacterial treated plants and compost as compared to the control (untreated plants with the bioagents) and those infested with the pathogen only.
Abstract: Isolation trials from the roots of wilted eggplant plants grown at five governorates yielded many fungal isolates. The isolates of the fungus F. oxysporum were selected to test their pathogenicity and Kalubia isolate was the most virulent one. The fungus was virulent to eggplant and no apparent infection was found in case of the other seven tested ...
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Fungal Deterioration of Used and Unused Synthetic Crankcase Oils
Anwuli Uche Osadebe,
Chukwuemeka Ezenwa Ifenwanta,
Gideon Chijioke Okpokwasili
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
11-15
Received:
25 December 2017
Accepted:
16 January 2018
Published:
2 February 2018
Abstract: Crankcase oils are essential to the smooth running of any engine. Like most hydrocarbon derivatives, their composition leaves them susceptible to attack by biodeteriogens especially fungi. Furthermore, these oils are disposed of indiscriminately inadvertently ending up in soil and sometimes groundwater. The biodeterioration of used and unused synthetic crankcase oils by fungi was studied in order to facilitate better management of spoilage both prior to use and within the engine and to pinpoint possible remediative agents. Used samples consisted of oils that had been in use within car engines for four months or more while unused samples were bought from the local store. The crankcase oils studied were Lenoil GTX SAE 15W/40, Lenoil GLX SAE 20W/50 and National X-100 SAE 40. Isolation from the oil samples was done using Potato Dextrose agar via the pour plate technique while mineral salt agar containing the test oil as the sole carbon source was used to assess fungal utilisers. The accumulated fungal biomass was determined following a 30 day incubation period. The fungi found to contaminate and grow in synthetic crankcase oils were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sporotrichioides and Trichoderma harzianum. Each organism had a different growth pattern and the same organism grew at different rates on different oil samples over the same period. National X-100 SAE 40 oil fared better overall than Lenoil GTX SAE 15W/40 and Lenoil GLX SAE 20W/50 being the least susceptible to fungal utilisation. Used oil types was more prone to fungal attack than the unused oils. Fusarium sporotrichioides dominated in used oil samples while Aspergillus niger dominated in unused samples. Used oil samples showed both greater counts and greater biomass accumulation compared to the unused samples. This study showed that fungi are capable of contaminating and deteriorating synthetic crankcase oils. The use of antifungal agents is recommended to combat their activities where unwanted. These fungi could also be used extensively in the bioremediation of soil contaminated with crankcase oils.
Abstract: Crankcase oils are essential to the smooth running of any engine. Like most hydrocarbon derivatives, their composition leaves them susceptible to attack by biodeteriogens especially fungi. Furthermore, these oils are disposed of indiscriminately inadvertently ending up in soil and sometimes groundwater. The biodeterioration of used and unused synth...
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Detection of Multidrug Resistant and Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) From Apparently Healthy Broilers in Jessore, Bangladesh
Jasmin Akter Runa,
Mohammed Bakhtiar Lijon,
Mohammed Abdur Rahman
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
16-21
Received:
26 December 2017
Accepted:
19 January 2018
Published:
2 February 2018
Abstract: The research work was undertaken for detection and determination of antibiogram profile of Escherichia coli (E. coli ) that produce Shiga toxin from apparently healthy broilers (n=8) from different commercial farms of Jessore, Bangladesh. Broiler cloacal swabs (n=8) were collected by inserting the sterile swab stick in the cloacae of broiler and inoculated into peptone water for enrichment for 24 hours at 37°C. Enriched culture was streaked onto Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar for isolation of pure bacterial culture. Then pure bacterial culture was streaked onto Mac-Conkey (MC) agar to identify Gram negative bacteria. Cultural method, Gram staining, biochemical reaction and polymerase chain reaction technique were used to identify the bacteria. The antibiogram profiles of bacteria were investigated against 6 commonly used antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Colistinsulphate, Erythromycin, Neomycin and Penicillin) by disc diffusion method. Five E. coli isolates were identified and Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) was detected by amplifying 372-bp fragment of Stx2 gene in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The prevalence of the Shiga toxin generating E. coli (STEC) in broiler cloacal swab was 62.5%. All isolates (100%) were resistant to Ampicillin, Colistinsulphate, Erythromycin, Neomycin and Penicillin and sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. The findings of this research strongly imply that broiler harbor multidrug resistant and Shiga toxin producing E. coli (STEC) which may cause public health problem if enter into human food chain.
Abstract: The research work was undertaken for detection and determination of antibiogram profile of Escherichia coli (E. coli ) that produce Shiga toxin from apparently healthy broilers (n=8) from different commercial farms of Jessore, Bangladesh. Broiler cloacal swabs (n=8) were collected by inserting the sterile swab stick in the cloacae of broiler and in...
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Collection and Processing of Food-Borne Animal by-Products
Labioui Hicham,
Jamila Cherkaoui,
Zineb Guessous,
Abderrahim Benzakour,
Mohammed Sobh
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
22-28
Received:
23 December 2017
Accepted:
6 February 2018
Published:
8 March 2018
Abstract: The meat sector consists mainly of large structures generating substantial volumes. It is worth pointing out that many of the companies belong to large groups with subsidiaries specialized in the processing and valorisation of by-products. The turkey waste generates health problems in the same way as other hazardous wastes. To remedy this, successful biological transformation work has been developed. Experiments were carried out on the use of modified ferments. At this level, we isolated and characterized strains of lactic acid bacteria, they are labeled RANBL2, RANBL10 and have an important acidifying and fermentation power, these strains were inoculated in mixed culture with two yeast strains referenced (BWL7, BWL9) which are characterized by a strong enzymatic activity of order 2842 and 1787 μmol. L-1.min-1. In addition, the acidity increased from 0.17% to 1.33% between the beginning and the end of fermentation. The pH became stable (3.97) on the twelfth day of fermentation. It follows that the combined action of all the factors (pH, acidity, bacteriocin, etc.) in the same fermentation must is responsible for the positive evolution of the hygienic quality of the fermentation product.
Abstract: The meat sector consists mainly of large structures generating substantial volumes. It is worth pointing out that many of the companies belong to large groups with subsidiaries specialized in the processing and valorisation of by-products. The turkey waste generates health problems in the same way as other hazardous wastes. To remedy this, successf...
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Synthesis and Bioactivity of Silver Nanoparticles Against Bacteria (E. coli and Enterococcus sp. ) Isolated from Kalamu River, Kinshasa City, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Koto-te-Nyiwa Ngbolua,
Gédéon Ngiala Bongo,
Amogu Domondo,
Beaudrique Nsimba,
Jeff Iteku,
Emmanuel Lengbiye,
Colette Ashande,
Tshiama Claudine,
Clément Inkoto,
Lufuluabo Lufuluabo,
Pitchouna Kilunga,
Goslin Gafuene,
Crispin Mulaji,
Théophile Mbemba,
John Poté,
Pius Mpiana
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
29-40
Received:
23 December 2017
Accepted:
19 January 2018
Published:
8 March 2018
Abstract: The emergence of new infectious agents is a potential risk associated with genetic manipulation and field cultivation of genetically modified organisms and constitutes a new challenge in molecular epidemiology. The main objective of the current study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles and evaluate the antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles. E. coli and Enterococcus sp. were isolated from wastewater samples collected from Kalamu River. The preliminary characterization of silver nanoparticles was carried out using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Noble metals, such as silver nanoparticles, exhibit unique and adjustable optical properties due to their external plasmon resonance. The reduction of silver ions was monitored by measuring the UV-visible spectrum of the solutions after dilution of a small aliquot (0.2 mL) of the aqueous component. The antibiotic susceptibility test results confirmed the inactivity of these antibiotics tested against the wild strain of Enterococcus sp. The synthesized silver nanoparticles displayed a good antibacterial activity against Enterococcus sp. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles is designed precisely to alleviate this situation; and these results provide a strong evidence that silver nanoparticles can be used to fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Abstract: The emergence of new infectious agents is a potential risk associated with genetic manipulation and field cultivation of genetically modified organisms and constitutes a new challenge in molecular epidemiology. The main objective of the current study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles and evaluate the antibacterial activity of these nanoparticl...
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