The Comparison of Stereological Calculations of Tumour Volume with Prognostic Parameters in Breast Cancer
Aslıhan Duman,
Cemal Gündoğdu,
Elif Demirci
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2016
Pages:
1-6
Received:
26 January 2015
Accepted:
21 December 2015
Published:
11 January 2016
Abstract: Purpose: In this study; we aimed to compare tumor volume with other prognostic determinants by making stereologic estimation. Material and Methods: In the mastectomy materials of 44 patients; tumor volume was calculated with the Cavaliery principle and compared with the classically known other pathologic variables. Results: There is a statistically significant correlation between histologic grade and tumor volume (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that one of the reliable parameters in the prognosis of breast cancer may be the estimation of tumor volume.
Abstract: Purpose: In this study; we aimed to compare tumor volume with other prognostic determinants by making stereologic estimation. Material and Methods: In the mastectomy materials of 44 patients; tumor volume was calculated with the Cavaliery principle and compared with the classically known other pathologic variables. Results: There is a statistically...
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Study on the Effect of Dyeing and Finishing Parameters on Cotton Knitted Two Thread Fleece Fabric and 1x1 Rib Fabric
Md. Abu Bakar Siddiquee,
A. K. M. Ayatullah Hosne Asif,
Rashedul Hasan Khan,
Md. Tawhid Anwar,
Md. Saiful Islam,
Nusrat Noushin
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2016
Pages:
7-10
Received:
14 December 2015
Accepted:
23 December 2015
Published:
14 February 2016
Abstract: Dyeing and finishing parameters are important factors which have various impacts on cotton knitted two thread fleece and 1x1 rib fabrics respectively. Various technical properties like physical, dimensional and dyeing properties of 1x1 rib and two thread fleece knitted fabric after different wet processing stages and sequences have been influenced by dyeing and finishing parameters. For this purpose, it was taken two types of knitted fabrics such as 32(S), 1×1 Rib and 13(S), 28(S) two thread fleece. The grey fabric was subjected to pretreatment process involving scouring, bleaching and enzyme wash. The pretreated fabrics were then dyed and finished to ready to stitch fabrics. At the end of each process stage, samples were collected and analyzed for various physical properties. In every state except dyeing, weight has successively decreased. Total weight loss found for 1x1 rib is 9.59% and for two thread fleece is found 11.49%. Tensile strength also decreased in each stage except in dyeing. Total strength loss found for 1x1 rib is 43.31% and for two thread fleece is 32.72%. Shrinkage has found in both length wise and width wise direction. Length wise shrinkage for 1x1 rib is found -3.35% and in width wise is found -3.50%. For fleece fabric, length wise shrinkage is found -3.25% and in width wise is found -2.70%. The abrasion resistance of different stages for 1x1 rib and fleece fabric are same in dry state. But at dyeing stage, test result is found a little different from other stages at wet state assessment. The results show that, the properties of the fabric changes to a considerable extent after each stage of wet processing. The finishing process whether the dyed fabric is padded with softener and dried in a dryer alters fabric properties to a considerable extent. It improves fabric handle and imparts a soft feel to fabric.
Abstract: Dyeing and finishing parameters are important factors which have various impacts on cotton knitted two thread fleece and 1x1 rib fabrics respectively. Various technical properties like physical, dimensional and dyeing properties of 1x1 rib and two thread fleece knitted fabric after different wet processing stages and sequences have been influenced ...
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Origin and Tectonic Framework of the Ngovayang Iron Massifs, South Cameroon
Ndong Bidzang Francois,
Sobdjou Kemteu Christel,
Mero Yannah,
Ntomba Martial Sylvestre,
Nzenti Jean Paul,
Mvondo Ondoa Joseph
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2016
Pages:
11-20
Received:
11 January 2016
Accepted:
3 February 2016
Published:
23 February 2016
Abstract: The Ngovayang massifs belong to the Paleoproterozoic Nyong unit complex located in the north western edge of the Congo Craton of southern Cameroon. It consists of granitoids and a banded series. The banded series presents the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of greenstone belts similar to those of Sao Francisco Craton in Brazil. Pervious works in this area involved geochemical (% Fe), mineralogical (hematite/magnetite) and geophysical characterization of the formation ores. The sedimentary and tectonic events related to the ore emplacement are poorly understood and has an effect on the exploitation of these ores in Cameroon. The objective of this work is to generate new petrographic and geochemical data of the Ngovayang massifs, and to determine the origin and emplacement process that favored the accumulation of these iron-bearing ferruginous quartzites in the study area. Polished thin sections were produced and observed using a scanning electron microscope at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Western Australia CMM-UWA. Geochemical analysis of major and trace elements were carried out using XRF and ICP/MS in OMAC laboratory of Ireland. The results showed that the iron formation of the Ngovayang area composed of ferruginous and banded ferruginous quartzites series. Quartz, hematite and aluminosilicates occur as the main minerals associated with the ferruginous quartzite series. Geochemically, these ferruginous facies are very rich in Fe and Si but poor in other elements. Platy and massive type of mineralization were common with the hematites and are indicative of either metasomatic (or hydrothermal) origin and lateritic through meteoric water circulation. Three phase mineralization were identified from microscopic study: early Syn-sedimentary phase linked to the sedimentation of BIFs, a secondary tectonics phase and a tertiary phase related to weathering. The Ngovayang iron formations are characteristic of the lake superior-type.
Abstract: The Ngovayang massifs belong to the Paleoproterozoic Nyong unit complex located in the north western edge of the Congo Craton of southern Cameroon. It consists of granitoids and a banded series. The banded series presents the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of greenstone belts similar to those of Sao Francisco Craton in Brazil. Perviou...
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Graded SiNx/SiOxNy Layers as Antireflective Coatings for Solar Cells Based on GaAs and Silicon Crystalline
Ousmane Ba,
Nacire Mbengue,
Fatou Dia,
Alassane Diaw,
Mamadou Moustapha Diop,
Bassirou Ba,
Fabé Idrissa Barro
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, February 2016
Pages:
21-25
Received:
31 December 2015
Accepted:
8 January 2016
Published:
25 February 2016
Abstract: These days solar cells layers are increasingly used primarily because of their low cost. During the last decades the performance of these cells were clearly improved. In the present work, a comparative study of two photovoltaic materials that are gallium arsenic and silicon. This allowed us to define the most efficient photovoltaic material. We have used for this purpose a method of adequate global search optimization for the search for optimal performance based on structural parameters (doping and thickness) of solar cells. This optimization method has allowed us to obtain a return of 26.15% for a solar cell based on GaAs and 18.15% for a solar cell based on Si, we were interested as to show the influence of the depth of penetration of light photons on the solar cells based on Si and GaAs which showed that the variation of the current density and more importantly on the deposit Arsenide Gallium 45.3 A / cm2.
Abstract: These days solar cells layers are increasingly used primarily because of their low cost. During the last decades the performance of these cells were clearly improved. In the present work, a comparative study of two photovoltaic materials that are gallium arsenic and silicon. This allowed us to define the most efficient photovoltaic material. We hav...
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