Effect of Processing on the Chemical and Microbiological Qualities of African Arowana (Heterotis niloticus), a Species of the bonytongue Fish
Olusegun A. Olaoye,
Iniobong G. Lawrence,
Yemi T. Ayanbukola
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
65-71
Received:
24 August 2016
Accepted:
20 May 2017
Published:
28 November 2017
Abstract: In the present investigation, African arowana (Heterotis niloticus) fish samples were subjected to drying and smoking separately in order to evaluate the effect of low and elevated temperatures on the chemical and microbiological qualities of resulting product. The different temperatures used during drying included 50°C (SampDried50), 60°C (SampDried60), 80°C (SampDried80) and 100°C (SampDried100) and 120°C (SampDried120). Cold smoking (smoking at 45-50oC) and hot smoking (smoking at 75-80oC) were also used in producing smoked Heterotis niloticus. Analysis of the dried and smoked Heterotis niloticus samples indicated that the SampDried120 had the highest protein content of 37.98% while 4.12% was recorded for the SampSmoked75-80 sample as the highest ash content. Free fatty acid (FFA) was lowest (0.31 KOH/g lipid)) in the SampSmoked75-80 sample while 0.31 (mg MDA/kg) was recorded as Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value for SampDried120. The SampDried120 sample recorded the highest potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium contents (mg/100g), having respective values of 76.38, 43.04, 64.37, 21.20 and 134.24. Similar results were recorded for the essential amino acids of the Heterotis niloticus samples, with the SampDried120 sample having highest values. Evaluation of microbiological quality showed that Pseudomonas, coliforms and Staphylococcus were lower in the smoked samples than others. This investigation concluded that hot smoking and drying at elevated temperatures of 80, 100 and 120°C could extend shelf life of Heterotis niloticus as a result of reduction TBA and FFA values; furthermore, there were higher values of protein and ash than in other samples.
Abstract: In the present investigation, African arowana (Heterotis niloticus) fish samples were subjected to drying and smoking separately in order to evaluate the effect of low and elevated temperatures on the chemical and microbiological qualities of resulting product. The different temperatures used during drying included 50°C (SampDried50), 60°C (SampDri...
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Cost and Return Analysis of Cassava Flour (Lafun) Production Among the Women of Osun State, Nigeria
Ganiyu Muibat Omolara,
Alabi Afusat Adunni,
Abiodun Olusola Omotayo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
72-77
Received:
7 June 2017
Accepted:
14 July 2017
Published:
28 November 2017
Abstract: Recent hike in food prices in Nigeria has led to increased food insecurity among rural and urban dwellers. Rural households who are majorly farmers are faced with low income generation from farm produce. This study examined the economic analysis of cassava flour production among women in Boripe Local Government Area of Osun state. Primary data were collected through a well structured questionnaire supplemented with oral interview and a multi-stage sampling technique was adopted in selecting 146 respondents. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, gross margin technique to estimate the profitability of cassava flour production. Ordinary least square regression model was used to analyze determinants of total revenue generated from cassava flour production enterprise. Results obtained showed that almost all cassava processors have low educational status with an average of 10 years of experience in cassava flour processing. Most of the respondents (67.8%) engaged in cassava flour production as their main occupation and all (100%) of them carried out fermentation of cassava tubers between 2-3 days, and sundry it within 3-4 days. The gross margin technique showed that in every one naira (₦) invested on cassava flour production, 35 kobo is gained by each cassava processor. Hence, cassava flour production in the study area is profitable. Age (5%), educational level (5%), involvement in associations (10%) and the cost of cassava tuber (1%) are the key variables influencing the amount of revenue earned from cassava flour production. In conclusion, cassava flour production has the potentials of reducing food insecurity problem in Nigeria due to its profitability and as well contribution to people livelihood sustainability.
Abstract: Recent hike in food prices in Nigeria has led to increased food insecurity among rural and urban dwellers. Rural households who are majorly farmers are faced with low income generation from farm produce. This study examined the economic analysis of cassava flour production among women in Boripe Local Government Area of Osun state. Primary data were...
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