Effects of Treatment Application Rates (FYM and Gypsum) and Pore Volume Leaching Water on Exchangeable Sodium and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Saline Sodic Soils of Babile District, Eastern Lowlands of Ethiopia
Assefa Adane,
Heluf Gebrekidan,
Kibebew Kibret
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
30-37
Received:
20 January 2015
Accepted:
6 February 2015
Published:
28 February 2015
Abstract: Incubation and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of FYM, gypsum and pore volume (PV) of water on ESP and Ksat of saline sodic soils. Factorial combination of three rates of FYM (0, 20 and 30 ton ha-1), four rat of gypsum (0, 50, 75, 100 and 125% GR) and three PV of water (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0) were applied into the soil in complete randomized design with three replications. The soils were incubated using a plastic pot for a week followed by leaching with various PV of water. The data obtained subjected to analysis of variance. Results indicated that sole application of gypsum at different rates and their combination with FYM significantly decreased the ESP of the soil compared to FYM and the control. However, larger exchangeable Na released and then decreased the soil ESP with the use of combined FYM and gypsum treatments than sole application of gypsum for every increment in applied PV of leaching water. Similarly, the Ksat of soils was higher in combined than sole application of FYM and gypsum for all applied fixed PV of leaching water. On the other hand, increasing sole application of FYM and gypsum increased the Ksat of soil and the numerical values were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control but lower than the different combinations. Though, the Ksat of soil increased with increasing rates of applied FYM and gypsum; these values showed decreasing trend as PV of leaching water increased. In general, the interaction effects of different levels of FYM, gypsum and PV of water were significant (P < 0.05) in improving the ESP and Ksat of the saline sodic soils of Bisidimo. In conclusion, among the various treatments considered, combinations of 20 tons FYM ha-1 with gypsum (50, 75 and 100% GR) rates and leaching up to three PV of water are adequate to reclaim saline sodic soil to permissible limit and then theses combinations are recommended for resource poor farmers. The experiment was laid down in a completely randomized design with two replicates.
Abstract: Incubation and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of FYM, gypsum and pore volume (PV) of water on ESP and Ksat of saline sodic soils. Factorial combination of three rates of FYM (0, 20 and 30 ton ha-1), four rat of gypsum (0, 50, 75, 100 and 125% GR) and three PV of water (1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0) were applied into the soil ...
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Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces
Nguyen Trung Chi,
Martin F. J. Flower
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2015
Pages:
38-44
Received:
25 February 2015
Accepted:
12 March 2015
Published:
17 March 2015
Abstract: Researched results on geochemistry of major, trace and isotopic elements from igneous formations in NE Vietnam area have established a Sodium alkaline igneous Province (Chi Nguyen et al., 2004), which consist of a chain of alkaline igneous formations: ijolite- melteigite- jacupirangite- nepheline syenite rocks from Pia Ma massif (Tuyen Quang) toward SE distance ~200km via Bang Phuc massif (Bac Kan), and then to Ngoi Biec one (Yen Bai) towards SW~ 250km, they created a assemblage of alkaline ultramafic-mafic and nepheline syenite rocks at Viet Bac Craton, that is a part of South China Platform margin. The research on petrogenesis of the above mentioned alkaline rocks show that: 1) Alkaline ultramafic – mafic rocks and nepheline syenite has a very high content of (Na2O+K2O) from (1.94-8.4%) to (9.62-16.7%), high Al2O3 from (6.88-16.93%) to (17.2 - 24.32%) belong to both alkaline ultramafic- mafic groups and nepheline syenite rock. The P2O5 content of those 2 groups is very high (0.7- 1.10%). Agpait Index (AI) of nepheline syenite rocks < 1, but Na > K and Ca, Mg contents is high, showing nepheline syenite is the miaskitic type. The total content of (REE+Y) varies from 164÷432ppm with Ce/Y=2.83÷6.64,(La/Sm)N=4.12,(Ce/Sm)N=2.64, (Yb/Lu)N = 1.27, Eu/Eu*= 0.1-0.28. However, the range isotope content of Sr and Nd in whole rocks of Pia Ma and that of Cho Don are different, in Pia Ma: 0.705846 ÷ 0.706419 and 0.511831 ÷ 0.511975 with value of εNd = - 2.35 ÷ +0.12 belong to EM1- type and aged in 519 ± 40Ma (Early Cambrian); in Cho Don: 0.709893 ÷ 0.718356 and 0.511854 ÷ 0.512010 with value of εNd = - 9.79 to - 2.9 belong to EM2-type and aged in 231 ± 23 Ma (Late Triassic ). 2) The geochemical characteristics of trace elements and isotope from above rocks indicated that, have fractional crystallization of a mixed magma liquid with composition of nephelinite derived from partial melting of depleted mantle source. This magma source may intruded into crust at Pia Ma in Early Paleozoic (Paleohotspot trace) and then at Cho Don and Ngoi Biec in Late Triassic (Mesohotspot traces) as they pass over "hotspot" in mantle. Possibly, this hotspot reactivated in Eocen and by the way to open the East Sea. The movenment speed of South China Plate towards North is about 0,7- 2,2 mm/year.
Abstract: Researched results on geochemistry of major, trace and isotopic elements from igneous formations in NE Vietnam area have established a Sodium alkaline igneous Province (Chi Nguyen et al., 2004), which consist of a chain of alkaline igneous formations: ijolite- melteigite- jacupirangite- nepheline syenite rocks from Pia Ma massif (Tuyen Quang) towar...
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