Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces

Nguyen Trung Chi; Martin F. J. Flower

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12

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Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces

Nguyen Trung Chi, Martin F. J. Flower

Published in Science Research (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 25 February 2015 Accepted: 12 March 2015 Published: 17 March 2015

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Abstract

Researched results on geochemistry of major, trace and isotopic elements from igneous formations in NE Vietnam area have established a Sodium alkaline igneous Province (Chi Nguyen et al., 2004), which consist of a chain of alkaline igneous formations: ijolite- melteigite- jacupirangite- nepheline syenite rocks from Pia Ma massif (Tuyen Quang) toward SE distance ~200km via Bang Phuc massif (Bac Kan), and then to Ngoi Biec one (Yen Bai) towards SW~ 250km, they created a assemblage of alkaline ultramafic-mafic and nepheline syenite rocks at Viet Bac Craton, that is a part of South China Platform margin. The research on petrogenesis of the above mentioned alkaline rocks show that: 1) Alkaline ultramafic – mafic rocks and nepheline syenite has a very high content of (Na2O+K2O) from (1.94-8.4%) to (9.62-16.7%), high Al2O3 from (6.88-16.93%) to (17.2 - 24.32%) belong to both alkaline ultramafic- mafic groups and nepheline syenite rock. The P2O5 content of those 2 groups is very high (0.7- 1.10%). Agpait Index (AI) of nepheline syenite rocks < 1, but Na > K and Ca, Mg contents is high, showing nepheline syenite is the miaskitic type. The total content of (REE+Y) varies from 164÷432ppm with Ce/Y=2.83÷6.64,(La/Sm)N=4.12,(Ce/Sm)N=2.64, (Yb/Lu)N = 1.27, Eu/Eu*= 0.1-0.28. However, the range isotope content of Sr and Nd in whole rocks of Pia Ma and that of Cho Don are different, in Pia Ma: 0.705846 ÷ 0.706419 and 0.511831 ÷ 0.511975 with value of εNd = - 2.35 ÷ +0.12 belong to EM1- type and aged in 519 ± 40Ma (Early Cambrian); in Cho Don: 0.709893 ÷ 0.718356 and 0.511854 ÷ 0.512010 with value of εNd = - 9.79 to - 2.9 belong to EM2-type and aged in 231 ± 23 Ma (Late Triassic ). 2) The geochemical characteristics of trace elements and isotope from above rocks indicated that, have fractional crystallization of a mixed magma liquid with composition of nephelinite derived from partial melting of depleted mantle source. This magma source may intruded into crust at Pia Ma in Early Paleozoic (Paleohotspot trace) and then at Cho Don and Ngoi Biec in Late Triassic (Mesohotspot traces) as they pass over "hotspot" in mantle. Possibly, this hotspot reactivated in Eocen and by the way to open the East Sea. The movenment speed of South China Plate towards North is about 0,7- 2,2 mm/year.

Published in	Science Research (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12
Page(s)	38-44
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sodium Alkaline Igneous, Ijolite-Melteigite-Jacupirangite, Nepheline Syenite, Hotspot Traces

References

[1]	Chi N.T et al., 2004. Petrology and Metallogeny of alkaline magmatic formations in North Vietnam. Concluded report of Project, Documented in Institute of Geological Information- Archives and Museum. Hanoi (558p.)
[2]	Condie K.C., 1989. Plate tectonic and Crust Evolution (Third edition). Pergarmon Press, New York.
[3]	Deer W. A., Howie R. A. and Zussman J. 1992: An introdution to the rock - forming minerals. Longman scientific & technical.
[4]	Edgar A.E., 1987. The genegis of alkaline rocks magmas with emphasis on their sources regions: Inference from experimental studies. In : Fitton and Upton. 29-52
[5]	Faure G., 1986. Principles op Isotope Geology (Second edition).Wiley, New York. 589 p.
[6]	Faure G., 2001. Origin of Igneous Rocks- The isotopic Evidence. Springer. 496 P.
[7]	Henderson P. (ed).,1984. Rare Earth Element Geochemistry, Developments in Geochemistry 2. Elservier. New York. 150 p.
[8]	Le Bas M.J.,et al., 1987. Nephelinites and carbonatites. In : Alkaline Rocks. Fitton J.G. and Upton B.G.J., (eds)., Geol, Soc. Spe, Publ. 30.
[9]	MacKenzie,D.P., and Weiss,N., 1975.Speculation on the thermal and tectonic history of the Earth.Geophys. J.Roy. Astro. Soc., 42, 131-174
[10]	Metcalfe, I. 1996. IGCP Lecture: Gondwana dispersion & Asian accretion. The Australian Geologist, No. 98, pp. 23-29.
[11]	Sorensen, H. (ed),. 1979. Alkaline Rocks. Wiley, New York. 622p
[12]	Wilson,J.T.,1963. A Possible origin of the Hawaiian islands. Can.J. Phys. 41, 863-870

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Nguyen Trung Chi, Martin F. J. Flower. (2015). Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces. Science Research, 3(2), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12

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ACS Style

Nguyen Trung Chi; Martin F. J. Flower. Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces. Sci. Res. 2015, 3(2), 38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12

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Nguyen Trung Chi, Martin F. J. Flower. Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces. Sci Res. 2015;3(2):38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12,
  author = {Nguyen Trung Chi and Martin F. J. Flower},
  title = {Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20150302.12},
  abstract = {Researched results on geochemistry of major, trace and isotopic elements from igneous formations in NE Vietnam area have established a Sodium alkaline igneous Province (Chi Nguyen et al., 2004), which consist of a chain of alkaline igneous formations: ijolite- melteigite- jacupirangite- nepheline syenite rocks from Pia Ma massif (Tuyen Quang) toward SE distance ~200km via Bang Phuc massif (Bac Kan), and then to Ngoi Biec one (Yen Bai) towards SW~ 250km, they created a assemblage of alkaline ultramafic-mafic and nepheline syenite rocks at Viet Bac Craton, that is a part of South China Platform margin. The research on petrogenesis of the above mentioned alkaline rocks show that: 1) Alkaline ultramafic – mafic rocks and nepheline syenite has a very high content of (Na2O+K2O) from (1.94-8.4%) to (9.62-16.7%), high Al2O3 from (6.88-16.93%) to (17.2 - 24.32%) belong to both alkaline ultramafic- mafic groups and nepheline syenite rock. The P2O5 content of those 2 groups is very high (0.7- 1.10%). Agpait Index (AI) of nepheline syenite rocks  K and Ca, Mg contents is high, showing nepheline syenite is the miaskitic type. The total content of (REE+Y) varies from 164÷432ppm with Ce/Y=2.83÷6.64,(La/Sm)N=4.12,(Ce/Sm)N=2.64, (Yb/Lu)N = 1.27, Eu/Eu*= 0.1-0.28. However, the range isotope content of Sr and Nd in whole rocks of Pia Ma and that of Cho Don are different, in Pia Ma: 0.705846 ÷ 0.706419 and 0.511831 ÷ 0.511975 with value of εNd = - 2.35 ÷ +0.12 belong to EM1- type and aged in 519 ± 40Ma (Early Cambrian); in Cho Don: 0.709893 ÷ 0.718356 and 0.511854 ÷ 0.512010 with value of εNd = - 9.79 to - 2.9 belong to EM2-type and aged in 231 ± 23 Ma (Late Triassic ). 2) The geochemical characteristics of trace elements and isotope from above rocks indicated that, have fractional crystallization of a mixed magma liquid with composition of nephelinite derived from partial melting of depleted mantle source. This magma source may intruded into crust at Pia Ma in Early Paleozoic (Paleohotspot trace) and then at Cho Don and Ngoi Biec in Late Triassic (Mesohotspot traces) as they pass over "hotspot" in mantle. Possibly, this hotspot reactivated in Eocen and by the way to open the East Sea. The movenment speed of South China Plate towards North is about 0,7- 2,2 mm/year.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces
AU  - Nguyen Trung Chi
AU  - Martin F. J. Flower
Y1  - 2015/03/17
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 38
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12
AB  - Researched results on geochemistry of major, trace and isotopic elements from igneous formations in NE Vietnam area have established a Sodium alkaline igneous Province (Chi Nguyen et al., 2004), which consist of a chain of alkaline igneous formations: ijolite- melteigite- jacupirangite- nepheline syenite rocks from Pia Ma massif (Tuyen Quang) toward SE distance ~200km via Bang Phuc massif (Bac Kan), and then to Ngoi Biec one (Yen Bai) towards SW~ 250km, they created a assemblage of alkaline ultramafic-mafic and nepheline syenite rocks at Viet Bac Craton, that is a part of South China Platform margin. The research on petrogenesis of the above mentioned alkaline rocks show that: 1) Alkaline ultramafic – mafic rocks and nepheline syenite has a very high content of (Na2O+K2O) from (1.94-8.4%) to (9.62-16.7%), high Al2O3 from (6.88-16.93%) to (17.2 - 24.32%) belong to both alkaline ultramafic- mafic groups and nepheline syenite rock. The P2O5 content of those 2 groups is very high (0.7- 1.10%). Agpait Index (AI) of nepheline syenite rocks  K and Ca, Mg contents is high, showing nepheline syenite is the miaskitic type. The total content of (REE+Y) varies from 164÷432ppm with Ce/Y=2.83÷6.64,(La/Sm)N=4.12,(Ce/Sm)N=2.64, (Yb/Lu)N = 1.27, Eu/Eu*= 0.1-0.28. However, the range isotope content of Sr and Nd in whole rocks of Pia Ma and that of Cho Don are different, in Pia Ma: 0.705846 ÷ 0.706419 and 0.511831 ÷ 0.511975 with value of εNd = - 2.35 ÷ +0.12 belong to EM1- type and aged in 519 ± 40Ma (Early Cambrian); in Cho Don: 0.709893 ÷ 0.718356 and 0.511854 ÷ 0.512010 with value of εNd = - 9.79 to - 2.9 belong to EM2-type and aged in 231 ± 23 Ma (Late Triassic ). 2) The geochemical characteristics of trace elements and isotope from above rocks indicated that, have fractional crystallization of a mixed magma liquid with composition of nephelinite derived from partial melting of depleted mantle source. This magma source may intruded into crust at Pia Ma in Early Paleozoic (Paleohotspot trace) and then at Cho Don and Ngoi Biec in Late Triassic (Mesohotspot traces) as they pass over "hotspot" in mantle. Possibly, this hotspot reactivated in Eocen and by the way to open the East Sea. The movenment speed of South China Plate towards North is about 0,7- 2,2 mm/year.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Nguyen Trung Chi

Petroleum Department, Petrovietnam University (PVU), Ba Ria City, Ba Ria- Vung Tau Province 74000, Viet Nam
Martin F. J. Flower

Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois—Chicago, (UIC), USA

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Nguyen Trung Chi, Martin F. J. Flower. (2015). Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces. Science Research, 3(2), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12

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Nguyen Trung Chi; Martin F. J. Flower. Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces. Sci. Res. 2015, 3(2), 38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12

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Nguyen Trung Chi, Martin F. J. Flower. Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces. Sci Res. 2015;3(2):38-44. doi: 10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12,
  author = {Nguyen Trung Chi and Martin F. J. Flower},
  title = {Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces},
  journal = {Science Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {38-44},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sr.20150302.12},
  abstract = {Researched results on geochemistry of major, trace and isotopic elements from igneous formations in NE Vietnam area have established a Sodium alkaline igneous Province (Chi Nguyen et al., 2004), which consist of a chain of alkaline igneous formations: ijolite- melteigite- jacupirangite- nepheline syenite rocks from Pia Ma massif (Tuyen Quang) toward SE distance ~200km via Bang Phuc massif (Bac Kan), and then to Ngoi Biec one (Yen Bai) towards SW~ 250km, they created a assemblage of alkaline ultramafic-mafic and nepheline syenite rocks at Viet Bac Craton, that is a part of South China Platform margin. The research on petrogenesis of the above mentioned alkaline rocks show that: 1) Alkaline ultramafic – mafic rocks and nepheline syenite has a very high content of (Na2O+K2O) from (1.94-8.4%) to (9.62-16.7%), high Al2O3 from (6.88-16.93%) to (17.2 - 24.32%) belong to both alkaline ultramafic- mafic groups and nepheline syenite rock. The P2O5 content of those 2 groups is very high (0.7- 1.10%). Agpait Index (AI) of nepheline syenite rocks  K and Ca, Mg contents is high, showing nepheline syenite is the miaskitic type. The total content of (REE+Y) varies from 164÷432ppm with Ce/Y=2.83÷6.64,(La/Sm)N=4.12,(Ce/Sm)N=2.64, (Yb/Lu)N = 1.27, Eu/Eu*= 0.1-0.28. However, the range isotope content of Sr and Nd in whole rocks of Pia Ma and that of Cho Don are different, in Pia Ma: 0.705846 ÷ 0.706419 and 0.511831 ÷ 0.511975 with value of εNd = - 2.35 ÷ +0.12 belong to EM1- type and aged in 519 ± 40Ma (Early Cambrian); in Cho Don: 0.709893 ÷ 0.718356 and 0.511854 ÷ 0.512010 with value of εNd = - 9.79 to - 2.9 belong to EM2-type and aged in 231 ± 23 Ma (Late Triassic ). 2) The geochemical characteristics of trace elements and isotope from above rocks indicated that, have fractional crystallization of a mixed magma liquid with composition of nephelinite derived from partial melting of depleted mantle source. This magma source may intruded into crust at Pia Ma in Early Paleozoic (Paleohotspot trace) and then at Cho Don and Ngoi Biec in Late Triassic (Mesohotspot traces) as they pass over "hotspot" in mantle. Possibly, this hotspot reactivated in Eocen and by the way to open the East Sea. The movenment speed of South China Plate towards North is about 0,7- 2,2 mm/year.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Geochemistry of Sodium Alkaline Igneous Formations in NE Vietnam: Evidence of Paleohotspot & Mesohotspot Traces
AU  - Nguyen Trung Chi
AU  - Martin F. J. Flower
Y1  - 2015/03/17
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12
T2  - Science Research
JF  - Science Research
JO  - Science Research
SP  - 38
EP  - 44
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-0927
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sr.20150302.12
AB  - Researched results on geochemistry of major, trace and isotopic elements from igneous formations in NE Vietnam area have established a Sodium alkaline igneous Province (Chi Nguyen et al., 2004), which consist of a chain of alkaline igneous formations: ijolite- melteigite- jacupirangite- nepheline syenite rocks from Pia Ma massif (Tuyen Quang) toward SE distance ~200km via Bang Phuc massif (Bac Kan), and then to Ngoi Biec one (Yen Bai) towards SW~ 250km, they created a assemblage of alkaline ultramafic-mafic and nepheline syenite rocks at Viet Bac Craton, that is a part of South China Platform margin. The research on petrogenesis of the above mentioned alkaline rocks show that: 1) Alkaline ultramafic – mafic rocks and nepheline syenite has a very high content of (Na2O+K2O) from (1.94-8.4%) to (9.62-16.7%), high Al2O3 from (6.88-16.93%) to (17.2 - 24.32%) belong to both alkaline ultramafic- mafic groups and nepheline syenite rock. The P2O5 content of those 2 groups is very high (0.7- 1.10%). Agpait Index (AI) of nepheline syenite rocks  K and Ca, Mg contents is high, showing nepheline syenite is the miaskitic type. The total content of (REE+Y) varies from 164÷432ppm with Ce/Y=2.83÷6.64,(La/Sm)N=4.12,(Ce/Sm)N=2.64, (Yb/Lu)N = 1.27, Eu/Eu*= 0.1-0.28. However, the range isotope content of Sr and Nd in whole rocks of Pia Ma and that of Cho Don are different, in Pia Ma: 0.705846 ÷ 0.706419 and 0.511831 ÷ 0.511975 with value of εNd = - 2.35 ÷ +0.12 belong to EM1- type and aged in 519 ± 40Ma (Early Cambrian); in Cho Don: 0.709893 ÷ 0.718356 and 0.511854 ÷ 0.512010 with value of εNd = - 9.79 to - 2.9 belong to EM2-type and aged in 231 ± 23 Ma (Late Triassic ). 2) The geochemical characteristics of trace elements and isotope from above rocks indicated that, have fractional crystallization of a mixed magma liquid with composition of nephelinite derived from partial melting of depleted mantle source. This magma source may intruded into crust at Pia Ma in Early Paleozoic (Paleohotspot trace) and then at Cho Don and Ngoi Biec in Late Triassic (Mesohotspot traces) as they pass over "hotspot" in mantle. Possibly, this hotspot reactivated in Eocen and by the way to open the East Sea. The movenment speed of South China Plate towards North is about 0,7- 2,2 mm/year.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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