Tsetse Flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) Population in Ethiopia: A Review
Abate Waldetensai,
Alemenesh Hailemariam,
Wondatir Nigatu,
Fekadu Gemechu,
Geremew Tasew,
Araya Eukubay
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
45-51
Received:
6 October 2020
Accepted:
17 October 2020
Published:
26 October 2020
Abstract: Tsetse flies (Glossina) are obligate bloodsucking medical and veterinary important vectors of trypanosome which causes African sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in live stocks. There are 31 Glossina species in Africa of which Glossina pallidipes, G. morsitans, G. fuscipes, G. tachinoides and G. longipennis are found in different regions of Ethiopia particularly, in Amhara, Benishangul Gumuz, Gambella, Oromia and Southern part of Ethiopia. The distribution of the genus Glossina is restricted to lowland rainforest and wooded savannah regions and not uniform but often patchy. The fly has a significant impact on human health and rural development, probably capable of transmitting pathogenic trypanosomes that affect humans and domestic animals. In advance to any tsetse control operation, surveys are required to identify which flies are present in the area and determine their distribution. Towards designing suitable control methods and monitoring of Tsetse flies, it is important to first understand the behavior of the fly. Though there are human Trypanosomiasis studies and reports in Ethiopia, there are no current evidences on the extent of the disease, vector distribution and the magnitude of the problem. Therefore this review provides some background information on the taxonomical distribution of tsetse flies, their unique way of reproduction, and how their ecological affinities, their distribution and population dynamics influence and dictate control efforts. The paper also discusses the vector importance and the different strategies for tsetse control. Recommendations and future research needs are also suggested based on the reviewed literature.
Abstract: Tsetse flies (Glossina) are obligate bloodsucking medical and veterinary important vectors of trypanosome which causes African sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in live stocks. There are 31 Glossina species in Africa of which Glossina pallidipes, G. morsitans, G. fuscipes, G. tachinoides and G. longipennis are found in different regions of Eth...
Show More
Verification of Soil Test Based Phosphorous Calibration Study for Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Production in Horo District, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Temesgen Chimdessa,
Chalsissa Takele
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
52-56
Received:
23 September 2020
Accepted:
9 October 2020
Published:
26 October 2020
Abstract: On-farm verification trial of soil test based crop response phosphorous calibration study for bread wheat production was conducted in 2019/20 main cropping season in the Horo District of the Horo Guduru Wollega Zone. The trial was initiated to verify phosphorus critical level and requirement factor for bread wheat production in Horo District. The treatments were the control (without phosphorus fertilizer), farmers practice (blanket recommendation) and soil test based recommended phosphorus fertilizer rate (RR). The trial was conducted on six farmers’ field across the district. Plot size was 10m * 10m. Soil data before planting and yield data were collected throughout the trial. Soil reaction pH (H2O) of all the sites ranged from 4.73 to 5.42 and available P ranges from 1.4 to 12.6ppm. Soil acidity of the experimental sites were amended with lime. Bread wheat grain and biomass yield (kg/ha) were high and significantly (p< 0.01) affected by different fertilizer rates used as treatments. The highest grain yield (2875 kg/ha) was resulted with soil test based phosphorus fertilizer rate recommendation. Economically optimum N (46 kg/ha), critical level phosphorus (10 ppm) and phosphorus requirement factor (11.03 kg/ha) for bread wheat production in the district were gained and recommended during the calibration study. It was significantly higher than the grain yield gained from the farmers’ practice (2119.4 kg/ha) and control/without phosphorus fertilizer (1647.2 kg/ha). Similarly, soil test based phosphorus fertilizer rate recommendation was economically optimum and feasible for bread wheat production in the district.
Abstract: On-farm verification trial of soil test based crop response phosphorous calibration study for bread wheat production was conducted in 2019/20 main cropping season in the Horo District of the Horo Guduru Wollega Zone. The trial was initiated to verify phosphorus critical level and requirement factor for bread wheat production in Horo District. The t...
Show More
