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Effects of Aframomun Chrysanthum Seed Aqueous Extract Against Acetaminophen-induced Liver Toxicity in Rats
Nwachoko Ndidi,
Essien Eka Bassey,
Ayalogu Edward Obiozo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
1-4
Received:
11 April 2019
Accepted:
23 May 2019
Published:
5 June 2019
Abstract: Plants and their components are the only source of most drugs which comprise of distinct groups such as antispasmodics, emetics, anticancer and antimicrobials. Plants capable of improving health conditions and treating diseases have been identified and used since human existence. A wide variety of compound synthesized from plants participate in biological roles such as defense against predators. This study examined the protective effect of Aframomunchrysanthum seed aqueous extract against acetaminophen-induced liver toxicity in rats. A suspension of 750 mg/kg acetaminophen was administered once every 72 hours to induce toxicity in the rats. This was followed by oral administration of the plant extract (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg) body weight and 100 mg/kg of silymarine. For ten days. Eighteen hours after the last dosage, blood sample was collected for biochemical analysis. The result showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as the concentrations of albumin (ALB) and total bilirubin (T. B) levels in rats administered with acetaminophen only. The levels of these parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the groups pretreated with the extract.
Abstract: Plants and their components are the only source of most drugs which comprise of distinct groups such as antispasmodics, emetics, anticancer and antimicrobials. Plants capable of improving health conditions and treating diseases have been identified and used since human existence. A wide variety of compound synthesized from plants participate in bio...
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Studies on Qualitative and Quantitative Estimation of Primary and Secondary Metabolites in Various Solvents Extracts of Aegle marmelos
Hanumantappa Bherigi Nayaka,
Ramesh Londonkar
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
5-9
Received:
10 April 2019
Accepted:
21 May 2019
Published:
10 June 2019
Abstract: The present study was an attempt to analyze the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemical in different solvents extracts of A. marmelos. Primary metabolites like total soluble carbohydrates, proteins and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, total phenols, and tannins were estimated using standard protocols. The qualitative and quantitative analysis is very essential for identifying and quantifying the compounds present in the medicinal plants. The results obtained from the present study provides evidence that various solvent extracts of A. marmelos leaves contains different types of primary and secondary metabolites which are having highly medicinal values and this justifies that the use of plant species as traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases. The finding of this study suggests that this plant leaves could be a potential source of natural medicine that could have great importance as therapeutic agents in preventing various diseases. The results are very much encouraging but scientific validation is necessary before being put in to practice. The present study suggest for future researcher on this plant that further Isolation, purification, characterization, structural elucidation and evaluation of a specific biological activity and preclinical and clinical studies of Bioactive compounds of this plant extracts were also necessary to emerge as medicine in the market.
Abstract: The present study was an attempt to analyze the qualitative and quantitative analysis of phytochemical in different solvents extracts of A. marmelos. Primary metabolites like total soluble carbohydrates, proteins and secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, total phenols, and tannins were estimated using standard protocols. The qualitative and qua...
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Storage and Cooling Effects on Levels of Protein Carbohydrates, Fats, Minerals and Microbes in Guinea Fowl (Numida meleagris) Meat Sold in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
10-14
Received:
13 April 2019
Accepted:
20 May 2019
Published:
10 June 2019
Abstract: The effect of storage and cooling time (0, 1, 3, 7 and 28 days) on the nutritional quality of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) was assessed in terms of crude protein, moisture, ash, fat, carbohydrate, minerals (calcium, zinc, iron and potassium) and microbial content. Crude protein was determined using Kjedahl method, moisture, ash and fat content were determined using AOAC methods, carbohydrate was estimated by difference and the minerals using AAS methods (for Calcium, Zinc and Iron) and AES (for Potassium). The result of crude protein, moisture and fat content were observed to decrease as storage time increases. Moisture content ranged from 67.70 to 66.50%, ash content from 0.98 to 1.01%, fat content from 2.31 to 2.19%, crude protein content from 20.20 to 19.13% and carbohydrate content from 8.79 to 11.17%. The ash content fluctuates between the same ranges while the carbohydrate content increases with increased in storage time. The minerals content decreases with increase in storage time and the microbial analysis shows freezing inhibited the growth of bacteria which is the main cause of meat spoilage. The study showed that the meat samples could be kept in a frozen state without spoiling but the nutritional content where altered as storage time increased.
Abstract: The effect of storage and cooling time (0, 1, 3, 7 and 28 days) on the nutritional quality of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) was assessed in terms of crude protein, moisture, ash, fat, carbohydrate, minerals (calcium, zinc, iron and potassium) and microbial content. Crude protein was determined using Kjedahl method, moisture, ash and fat content we...
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Influence of Different Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Genotypes from Burkina Faso on Proteases Inhibition
Pierre Alexandre Eric Djifaby Sombié,
Ahmed Yacouba Coulibaly,
Adama Hilou,
Martin Kiendrebéogo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
15-21
Received:
6 April 2019
Accepted:
23 May 2019
Published:
11 June 2019
Abstract: Cowpea is an important protein crop widespread in Africa. The purpose of this research was to determine the content of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors in different genotypes of cowpea seeds. Trypsin percentage inhibition showed about 13.5-fold variation (5.12% ± 1.47 to 70.52% ± 6.58) between the cowpea genotypes respectively for KVx 421-2J and Kondèsyoungo local. The chymotrypsin inhibitory activity varies among cowpea genotypes from 21.19 to 76.94%. The highest percent inhibitory activity was exhibited by KVx 396-4-5-2D on chymotrypsin. This study also showed significant correlations between type of cowpea genotype and trypsin inhibition potential and also between colour and chymotrypsin inhibition potential of cowpea seeds. Kondèsyoungo local, a landraceae genotype exhibited the high potential to inhibit the trypsin enzyme. Coloured seeds of cowpea genotypes possess higher percentage inhibition of chymotrypsin than the colourless ones (p < 0.05). The calculated mean of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibition activities showed that Labagela local genotype possess the highest inhibition activity of both protease enzymes. The PCA components analysis and the dendrogram performed basis on the protease inhibitory activities divided the thirty-one genotypes of cowpea used in this study into three classes. The results presented in this work can contribute greatly to the planning of a cowpea breeding program aimed at reducing the content of proteases inhibitors in order to improve the nutritional value of seeds or to increase PI content for tolerance to stored grain pests.
Abstract: Cowpea is an important protein crop widespread in Africa. The purpose of this research was to determine the content of trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors in different genotypes of cowpea seeds. Trypsin percentage inhibition showed about 13.5-fold variation (5.12% ± 1.47 to 70.52% ± 6.58) between the cowpea genotypes respectively for KVx 421-2J and...
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Milk Bioactive Peptides: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anti-Diabetic Activities
Mahmoud El-Sayed,
Sameh Awad
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
22-33
Received:
14 April 2019
Accepted:
28 May 2019
Published:
17 June 2019
Abstract: The main milk proteins are caseins and whey proteins, some other minor proteins and peptides, are also found in milk. Proteins are vital ingredients for human because they provide all the essential amino acids needed for body and human health. Milk proteins are very important sources of bioactive peptides. The bioactive peptides are inactive within the sequence of the parent protein and can be released by proteolytic enzymes, during gastrointestinal digestion or during milk processing, for example the adding coagulation enzymes and starter culture. Once bioactive peptides are present in the body, these peptides may act as regulatory compounds with hormone-like activity. Furthermore, Bioactive peptides from milk proteins have many biological activities such as antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antithrombotic, antioxidant, mineral binding, and anti-diabetic. Bioactive peptides have potential health and have pharmaceutical applications. Antimicrobial peptides are recognized as an important component of innate immunity, particularly at mucosal surfaces such as the lungs and small intestine that are constantly exposed to a range of potential pathogens. The ability of protein hydrolysates to inhibit deleterious changes caused by lipid oxidation appears to be related to the nature and composition of the different peptide fractions. Milk protein hydrolysate possesses free-radical-scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities have many beneficial effects on the increase of the glucose-induced insulin secretion and reduction in postprandial glycemia. This article is tried through exposure in some detail to review characteristics of some milk protein peptides and its positive effects on human health.
Abstract: The main milk proteins are caseins and whey proteins, some other minor proteins and peptides, are also found in milk. Proteins are vital ingredients for human because they provide all the essential amino acids needed for body and human health. Milk proteins are very important sources of bioactive peptides. The bioactive peptides are inactive within...
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