Environmental Factors in Etiology of Gastric Cancer
Showkat Ahmad Bhat,
Manzoor R. Mir,
Sabhiya Majid,
Muneeb U. Rehman,
Sonallah Kuchy,
Bilal Ahmad Sheikh,
Ishraq Husain,
Bhudev C. Das
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
51-56
Received:
30 August 2015
Accepted:
16 September 2015
Published:
26 September 2015
Abstract: Among all the cancers Gastric cancer has been reported to be a highly prevalent malignancy In Kashmir valley, constitutes about 30%-40% of all malignancies. Cancer is consistently considered as significant environmental issue besides other etiological factors. In our study the incidence ratio among genders remained 3:1(male to female). More incidents were found in 60-64 years of age, 34.5% patients reported weight loss and the weight difference was about 10kg from stage I to Stage IV, 62% of the patients were illiterate, 59.5% of patients were from poor and middle class and 51% patients had faced the Water pollution. Major portion 53 %of patients belongs to farmers& house wives among these 38.6%, 12.2%, 8.4%, 21.6%& 18.8% had exposure to Pesticides/insecticides, Fungicides, Chemicals, Fertilizer, Manure respectively. At the time of diagnosis patients presented with multiple symptoms like dyspepsia 76.5%, loss of appetite 35.5% and vomiting 42.0%. On physical examination, anaemia was the most common sign and was present in 163 81.5%, ascites was 11.1%, epigastric mass in 9.9% Regarding distribution of cancer within the stomach, distal stomach was involved in 45.5%, proximal stomach in 42.0% of patients; Middle stomach and Whole stomach were involved in 6.0% each. Among the common symptom, ulceroproliferative type was seen in 35.5%, ulcerative lesions were 30% and infiltrative were in 7.0 %.Various perceptible effects during our study provides significant evidence to conclude that in gastric cancer etiology, environment plays an important role.
Abstract: Among all the cancers Gastric cancer has been reported to be a highly prevalent malignancy In Kashmir valley, constitutes about 30%-40% of all malignancies. Cancer is consistently considered as significant environmental issue besides other etiological factors. In our study the incidence ratio among genders remained 3:1(male to female). More inciden...
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Enzyme Profiles of Pleurotus HK-37 During Mycelia Vegetative Growth and Fruiting on Solid Sisal Waste Fractions Supplemented with Cow Manure
Prosper Raymond,
Anthony Manoni Mshandete,
Amelia Kajumulo Kivaisi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
Pages:
57-65
Received:
3 September 2015
Accepted:
16 September 2015
Published:
26 September 2015
Abstract: The utilization of agro-industrial residues to cultivate edible mushrooms is of great environmental importance. However, the use of lignocellulose as carbon source depends on the capacity of the mushroom to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes and to secrete them to the extracellular substrate. Thus, the profile of lignocellulolytic enzymes produced during different phases of cultivation of Pleurotus HK-37 on sisal waste fractions supplemented with cow dung manure was determined. Mushroom cultivation was performed in plastic bags using substrates formulated by mixing various proportions of sisal leaf residues and sisal boles and supplementing with cow dung manure on dry weight basis. A total of three hydrolytic (carboxymethyl cellulase, pectinase and xylanase) and two oxidative (laccase and lignin peroxidase) enzymes produced by Pleurotus HK-37 were analyzed. Among these enzymes assayed, laccase was found to be predominant and highly expressed. After 30 days of incubation, its activity was 158.75 ± 7.66 Ug-1wet spent mushroom substrate (SMS) on 30% supplemented sisal leaf decortication residues: sisal boles (25:75) substrate formulation. The highest lignin peroxidase activity observed was 4.01 ± 1.12 Ug-1wet SMS during full mycelia colonization on unsupplemented sisal leaf decortication residues: sisal boles (25:75) substrate formulation. Meanwhile, for the hydrolytic enzymes; the highest carboxymethyl cellulase activity (5.45 Ug-1wet SMS) was observed on unsupplemeted sisal leaf decortication residues: sisal boles (75:25) substrate formulation 50 days after of substrate inoculation, that of xylanase (3.73 ± 0.98 Ug-1wet SMS) was found on 10% supplemented sisal leaf decortication residues: sisal boles (0:100) substrate formulation after 20 days and that of pectinase (8.28 ± 2.14 Ug-1wet SMS) was observed 20 days after substrate inoculation on 30% supplemented sisal leaf decortication residues: sisal boles (100:0) substrate formulation. The present investigation indicates the utilization of solid sisal wastes as support-substrate for production of both edible mushrooms and extracellular enzymes during solid state fermentation; it also provides an alternative approach and value-addition to these agrowaste residues.
Abstract: The utilization of agro-industrial residues to cultivate edible mushrooms is of great environmental importance. However, the use of lignocellulose as carbon source depends on the capacity of the mushroom to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes and to secrete them to the extracellular substrate. Thus, the profile of lignocellulolytic enzymes produced d...
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