Prevalence of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Among Children Aged 0-5 Years Infected with Plasmodium falciparum in Katsina State, Nigeria
Bello Ibrahim,
Abdulsalami Mohammed Sani,
Bulus Timothy
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
66-73
Received:
22 August 2016
Accepted:
8 September 2016
Published:
15 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ab.20160406.11
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Abstract: About 96 million people having Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency worldwide are known to reside in malaria endemic countries and this G6PD-deficiency has been shown to protect against malaria infection, a disease which affect mostly children less than 5 years of age. This study was prompted by the paucity of scientific information on G6PD deficiency for malaria-infected children in Nigeria and so it was designed to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among children (aged 0-5 years) infected with Plasmodium falciparum in Katsina State, a North-western region of Nigeria. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria attending the six selected hospitals located across the three senatorial zones of the state from March 2015 to May 2015. Children’s inform consent was obtained, their socio-demographic information and clinical presentations were also taken with the aid of structured questionnaire. G6PD deficiency was detected qualitatively using G6PD screening test. Thirty two (16%) samples were G6PD deficient and were significantly associated (p<0.05) with malaria. Higher prevalence was observed among male children (62.5%) compared with their female counterpart (37.5%). Prevalence rates of 31.25%, 25.00%, 18.75% and 12.50% were seen in children of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years old respectively. These conditions reach life-threatening scenarios for all G6PD deficiency patients with different genetic variants. Hence, individuals that are required to use antimalaria drugs should be screened very carefully for their tendency to have G6PD deficiency. For effective control and treatment, either a reliable test for detecting G6PD deficiency or an anti-malaria drug that can be safely given to G6PD deficiency patients is required. The need for training paediatricians on routine screening of children for G6PD deficiency in developing countries in order to avoid cases of drug-induced anaemia associated with malaria treatment need to be taken into consideration.
Abstract: About 96 million people having Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency worldwide are known to reside in malaria endemic countries and this G6PD-deficiency has been shown to protect against malaria infection, a disease which affect mostly children less than 5 years of age. This study was prompted by the paucity of scientific information ...
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An Impact of the Trivedi Effect® - Biofield Energy Healing on Herbomineral Formulation for Immunomodulation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Biofield Treated Mouse Splenocytes
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Alan Joseph Balmer,
Dimitrius Anagnos,
Janice Patricia Kinney,
Joni Marie Holling,
Joy Angevin Balmer,
Lauree Ann Duprey-Reed,
Vaibhav Rajan Parulkar,
Mayank Gangwar,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
74-83
Received:
18 November 2016
Accepted:
28 November 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ab.20160406.12
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Abstract: Herbomineral formulations have increased in recognition and popularity due to their high safety and better therapeutic action. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated with a mixture of the herbal root extract of ashwagandha and three minerals viz. zinc, magnesium, and selenium. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) on the test formulation when applied to splenocyte cells isolated from the Biofield Treated mice. The test formulation was divided into two parts. One part was denoted as the control without any Biofield Energy Treatment. The other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by seven renowned Biofield Energy Healers. A wide concentration range (0.00001053 to 10.53 µg/mL) of the test formulation was used to determine non-cytotoxic concentrations using MTT assay. Further, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, MIP-1α, and IL-1β) was determined by ELISA method. The test formulation was evaluated and found to be safe up to 1.053 µg/mL with a percentage cell viability range of 73% to 97% using MTT assay. The Biofield Treated formulation improved the cell viability up to 6.61% compared with the untreated test formulation. TNF-α expression was significantly inhibited by 16.72% at 0.1053 µg/mL compared with the untreated test formulation, however expression was significantly altered by 53.67% and 25.62% at 0.01053 and 1.053 µg/mL, respectively compared to the untreated test formulation. TNF-α expression was also suppressed in the Biofield Treated test formulation at 0.001053 and 0.1053 µg/mL by 4.0% and 8.56%, respectively as compared with the vehicle control. MIP-1α suppression was reported in the Biofield Treated test formulation at 0.00001053 to 1.053 µg/mL by 8.43%, 22.02%, 21.92%, 20.54%, 5.40%, and 19.82%, respectively compared with the vehicle control. However, the Biofield Treated formulation further exhibited substantial suppression of MIP-1α at 0.0001053, 0.001053, 0.01053, and 0.1053 µg/mL by 13.50%, 7.38%, 36.83% (p≤0.001), and 2.53%, respectively compared with the untreated test formulation. In addition, significant inhibition of IL-1β secretion was reported in the Biofield Treated formulation at 0.0001053, 0.001053, 0.01053, and 0.01053 µg/mL by 32.40%, 14.99%, 60.42%, and 15.15%, respectively compared with the untreated test formulation. The Biofield Energy Healing Treatment significantly potentiated the immunosuppressive effect of the test formulation in Biofield Treated mouse splenocytes, which can be used for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Abstract: Herbomineral formulations have increased in recognition and popularity due to their high safety and better therapeutic action. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated with a mixture of the herbal root extract of ashwagandha and three minerals viz. zinc, magnesium, and selenium. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodula...
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Determination of Translational Velocity of Reaction Mixture Components: Effect on the Rate of Reaction
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
84-93
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
16 November 2016
Published:
16 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ab.20160406.13
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Abstract: The objectives of the research were to: 1) formulate a simple mathematical model for the determination of initial velocity and terminal velocity of dissolved solute in aqueous solvent, 2) to determine the minimum interparticle distance (lEM) for which the periods of coverage determined according two methods namely Einstein model and Newtonian model are equal and 3) elucidate the importance of translational velocity and the minimum interparticle distance in the optimization of the purpose of enzyme catalyzed reaction. The values of lEM for which Einstein and Newtonian approach for the determination of time for the coverage of such distance gave the same result were 3.15 exp (-8) m and 4.04 exp (-8) m when the concentrations of enzyme were ~ 2.4 exp (-8) mol/l and ~3.21 exp (-8) mo/l respectively. The terminal velocity was ~ 8.43 nm/s at 293.15K; the real/effective kinetic energy in solution was ~7.36 exp (-27) J at 293.15K. The initial velocity of solute was ~ 9.25 exp (-3) m/s. In conclusion, a model for the determination of terminal velocity and initial velocity was derived. The initial velocity is » the terminal velocity at a given temperature. Effective collision between the bullet molecule and the much larger target molecule at lEM or less should be directional so as to achieve enzyme-substrate and drug-pathogen/poison complex formation.
Abstract: The objectives of the research were to: 1) formulate a simple mathematical model for the determination of initial velocity and terminal velocity of dissolved solute in aqueous solvent, 2) to determine the minimum interparticle distance (lEM) for which the periods of coverage determined according two methods namely Einstein model and Newtonian model...
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Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Crude Cotton Seed Oil Using Central Composite Design
Mustapha Mujeli,
Haruna Mavakumba Kefas,
Awwal Shitu,
Ibrahim Ayuba
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2016
Pages:
94-100
Received:
24 August 2016
Accepted:
10 September 2016
Published:
16 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ab.20160406.14
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Abstract: Cheap raw materials and optimum process conditions of a transesterification reaction continued to be the most essential factors in determining the production of the biodiesel in commercial quantity to meet up the current global demand. In this study the crude cottonseed oil was used as an economical feedstock for biodiesel production since its demand as a cooking oil has reduced due to health issues related to its consumption. The process variables affecting the transesterification reaction such as methanol/oil ratio (4:1-9:1 mol/mol), catalyst weight (0.5-2%), temperature (40-65°C), reaction time (50-120 min) were optimized using rotatable central composite design of the response surface methodology in order to enhance the percentage yield of the biodiesel production. The maximum biodiesel yield (93.34%) was achieved under 8.08:1 mol/mol methanol/oil ratio, 1.87% catalyst weight, 40°C reaction temperature and 120 min reaction time. The properties of the biodiesel produced which include kinematic viscosity, density, cloud point, pour point and flash point were determined and compared with the European fatty acid methyl ester standard.
Abstract: Cheap raw materials and optimum process conditions of a transesterification reaction continued to be the most essential factors in determining the production of the biodiesel in commercial quantity to meet up the current global demand. In this study the crude cottonseed oil was used as an economical feedstock for biodiesel production since its dema...
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