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Evaluation of Antioxidant Status and Serum Lipoprotein(a) in Coronary Heart Diseases
Sudeep. R. Lokapure,
Jano Zore,
Kavitha. Y. Ullikashi,
Chitra Dhume
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
1-8
Received:
27 November 2013
Published:
20 January 2014
Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become the most important cause of premature morbidity and mortality. The chief risk factors for CHD includes Smoking, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Hypercholesterolemia, Low high density lipoprotein, Obesity, Mental stress, Type A personality and Genetic factors. Lipoprotein (a) has been established as a strong independent risk factor for premature CHD, which is highly thrombogenic and antifibrinolytic which begins to block the arteries much earlier than other risk factors. This study is planned to determine the antioxidant status and to estimate Serum lipoprotein (a) levels in patients of CHD and in patients with risk factors for CHD. Among all the patients, majority of patients belongs to upper and middle class. In routine investigations an increase in serum cholesterol, serum LDL, TC/HDL and LDL/HDL ratio were seen in all five groups including MI, HT, DM, Smokers and obesity cases, which were statistically significant. Serum Triglycerides were increased in MI, DM, Smokers and obesity cases, which were statistically significant, where as significant increase was not seen in HT cases. Serum VLDL showed a statistically significant increase in MI, Smokers and obesity cases, where as significant increases was not seen in HT and DM cases. Blood glucose showed a significant increase in DM cases, where as no significant increase were seen in MI, HT, smokers and obesity cases. A statistically significant decrease in serum HDL were seen in all five groups including MI, HT, DM, Smokers and obesity cases. In special investigations, there is significant increase in MDA, Lipoprotein (a) levels and significant decrease of antioxidants such as blood glutathione, Serum vitamin E, vitamin C and vitamin A in cases of coronary heart diseases and also in cases with risk factors for Coronary heart diseases including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking and obesity. Hence, it is therefore concluded that MDA, Lipoprotein (a) and antioxidants like glutathione, vitamin E, Vitamin C and Vitamin A, be evaluated as biochemical parameters for preclinical assessment of “at risk group” for Coronary heart diseases and for assessing and monitoring cases of Coronary heart diseases.
Abstract: Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become the most important cause of premature morbidity and mortality. The chief risk factors for CHD includes Smoking, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Hypercholesterolemia, Low high density lipoprotein, Obesity, Mental stress, Type A personality and Genetic factors. Lipoprotein (a) has been established as a strong ...
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Determination of Erucic Acid Content in Traditional and Commercial Mustard Oils of Bangladesh by Gas- Liquid Chromatography
Md. Tanvir Sarwar,
Md. Hafizur Rahman,
Md. Salim Raza,
Shakh M. A. Rouf,
Md. Nazibur Rahman
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
9-13
Received:
28 December 2013
Published:
20 February 2014
Abstract: The modern trend of consuming mustard oil in raw, fried and cooked forms is increasing day by day in the general people irrespective of economic status in Bangladesh. But unfortunately they are not aware of the adverse effects of this oil. Because, mustard oils have been evidenced to have high level of erucic acid and erucic acid has been evidenced to be a causative agent for cardiovascular diseases. It is therefore very important to know the erucic acid level both in traditional and commercially available mustard oils in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to investigate the fatty acid profile of the commercial mustard oil (Industrially manufactured) and ghani (traditional method of oil processing) mustard oil. After preparation of the purified fatty acid methyl esters of the above oils, Gas-Liquid Chromatographic (GLC) analysis was carried out. Results showed that the percentage of erucic acid (22:1) in the commercial and ghani mustard oils were 41.80% and 51.98% respectively. In context to percentage of erucic acid, the commercial mustard oil seemed better compared to ghani. The reasons behind this discrepancy still remains unclear but the possibility of mixed oil effects in the commercial mustard oil could be investigated in the near future. The author also established a method to partially eliminate erucic acid from mustard oil. After partially eliminate erucic acid from commercial mustard oil erucic acid reduces from 41.80% to 20.14%.
Abstract: The modern trend of consuming mustard oil in raw, fried and cooked forms is increasing day by day in the general people irrespective of economic status in Bangladesh. But unfortunately they are not aware of the adverse effects of this oil. Because, mustard oils have been evidenced to have high level of erucic acid and erucic acid has been evidenced...
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Purification and Characterisation of Lactate Dehydrogenase: An Undergraduate Biochemistry Laboratory Experiment
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
14-23
Received:
2 February 2014
Published:
20 February 2014
Abstract: The practical work described here was designed in the aim of combining several periods that were previously carried-out independently during the academic year and to more appropriately mimic a "research" environment. It illustrates several fundamental biochemical principles as well as experimental aspects and important techniques including spectrophotometry, chromatography, centrifugation, and electrophoresis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an enzyme of choice for a student laboratory experiment. This enzyme has many advantages, namely its relative high abundance, high specific activity and high stability. In the first part, the purification scheme starting from pig heart includes ammonium sulphate fractionation, desalting by size exclusion chromatography, anion exchange chromatography and pseudo-affinity chromatography. In the second part of the work the obtained fractions are accessed for protein and activity content in order to evaluate the efficiency of the different purification steps, and are also characterised by electrophoresis using non-denaturing and denaturing conditions. Finally, in the third part, the purified enzyme is subjected to comprehensive analysis of its kinetic properties and compared to those of a commercial skeletal muscle LDH preparation. The results presented thereafter are representative of the data-sets obtained by the student-pairs and are comparable to those obtained by the instructors and the reference publications. This multistep purification of an enzyme from its source material, where students perform different purification techniques over successive laboratory days, the characterisation of the purified enzyme, and the extensive approach of enzyme kinetics, naturally fits into a project-based biochemistry learning process.
Abstract: The practical work described here was designed in the aim of combining several periods that were previously carried-out independently during the academic year and to more appropriately mimic a "research" environment. It illustrates several fundamental biochemical principles as well as experimental aspects and important techniques including spectrop...
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Cholesterol-Induced Impact on Murine Macrophage Responsiveness Involves down-Regulation of Mevalonate Pathway
Yakov Sh. Schwartz,
Olga M. Dolganova,
Sergey V. Cheresiz
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2014
Pages:
24-28
Received:
8 February 2014
Published:
10 March 2014
Abstract: Free cholesterol (Ch) and its oxidative derivatives, oxysterols, are often accumulated in macrophages during chronic inflammation and atherogenesis. The effects of Ch and oxysterols on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory response and the role of mevalonate pathway in the effects of these sterols are studied poorly. We studied the effects of cholesterol, oxysterols, atorvastatin, and mevalonic acid on the LPS-induced TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β1 production in macrophage cell culture. The study was carried out in murine peritoneal macrophages preincubated for 4 h with Ch (5 µg/mL), 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH-Ch) (5 µg/mL), 7-keto-Ch (5 µg/mL), farnesol (10 µM), or atorvastatin (5 µmol/mL) in the presence or absence of 1 mM of mevalonate. The cells were further incubated in the presence or absence of E. coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h, and cytokine concentrations in incubation media were determined. Macrophages preincubation with Ch, 25-OH-Ch, or atorvastatin decreased LPS-induced TNF-α production in cell cultures, while supplementation of preincubation medium with mevalonic acid abrogated the effects of atorvastatin and Ch. The Ch, 25-OH-Ch, 7-keto-Ch and atorvastatin significantly reduced IL-10 production by LPS–stimulated macrophages, while farnesol had no effect. Supplementation of Ch or atorvastatin-containing preincubation medium with mevalonate restored IL-10 production. The TGF-β1 production was significantly enhanced by the presence of Ch or atorvastatin in preincubation medium as compared to the control level in non-treated macrophages, while 25-OH-Ch or farnesol decreased profoundly TGF-β1 production. Mevalonate abrogated the effect of Ch or atorvastatin but not of 25-OH-Ch or farnesol. These results allow to conclude, that Ch is able to promote anti-inflammatory and fibrogenic macrophage response, which is connected, at least in part, with the deficiency of mevalonate pathway intermediates, particularly to the deficiency of farnesol, whereas hydroxysterols produce tolerogenic, but not fibrogenic effect, independently of mevalonate pathway.
Abstract: Free cholesterol (Ch) and its oxidative derivatives, oxysterols, are often accumulated in macrophages during chronic inflammation and atherogenesis. The effects of Ch and oxysterols on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory response and the role of mevalonate pathway in the effects of these sterols are studied poorly. W...
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