Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus

Sumya Afroze; Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui; Belkis Fatama

doi:doi:10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12

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Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus

Sumya Afroze, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Belkis Fatama

Published in Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 7 January 2019 Accepted: 11 February 2019 Published: 5 March 2019

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Abstract

Water contaminated with harmful pathogen and due to the lack of access to safe drinking water can cause various health defects like infection, water born disease and undesirable appearance of water. This study is focused to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Chittagong University campus which is one of the mostly populated University in Bangladesh. To determine the microbial quality of drinking water, water was collected from three highly populated place of the campus and the sampling sites were canteen of Biological Science Faculty, Deshnetri Begum Khaleda Zia Hall and Canteen near Shahid Minar. For collecting water samples three random place were selected from those collection sites and water samples were collected using standard procedure for three consecutive days. The temperature and pH was measured at the sampling site; for checking bacteriological parameters (total coliform and fecal coliform) were tested for each sample and their potential for health hazard were measured. Average viable bacterial count in the samples were 13.19×10⁶, 9.32 ×10⁶ and 9.7×10⁶ respectively in sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3. The results of the study demonstrated that physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water at sources was not up to the mark. But water from canteen near Shahid Minar (Sample 3) has a very high risk of infection as the number of coliform is >1100 and fecal coliform ≅93 and Salmonella was present in that place, demonstrated that water from this site is not safe for drinking. Also Salmonella was found in drinking water sample of canteen of Biological Science Faculty (Sample 1). Possible cause of water contamination may be the irrational practice of drawing water from pipe by suction, improper layout of water supply lines and sewer there might be crossing between them and poor hygienic practice and illiteracy of workers of canteen people. It is recommended that to carryout regular monitoring, crosscheck of the water supply lines.

Published in	Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12
Page(s)	8-13
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Quality, Coliform, Fecal Coliform, Cultural Characterization

References

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[2]	K. L. Anderson, J. E. Whitlock, V. J. Harwood, “Persistence and Differential Survival of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Subtropical Waters and Sediments” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 3041-3048, 2005.
[3]	E. E. Geldreich, “Microbial water quality concerns for water supply use.” Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 209-223, 1991.
[4]	M. A. Grant, “A New Membrane Filtration Medium for Simultaneous Detection and Enumeration of Escherichia coli and Total Coliforms,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 63, no. 9, pp. 3526–3530, 1997.
[5]	M. W. LeChevallier, N. J. Welch, and D. B. Smith., (1996) “Full-scale studies of factors related to coliform regrowth in drinking water,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 62, no. 7, pp. 2201–2211.
[6]	dWHO. 1993. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality, Volume 1, 2nd edition, Geneva: Recommendations.
[7]	jWater Borne Disease. (2018, gDecember, 16). Retrieved from http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Water-borne Disease.
[8]	E. H. Marth, J. Steele, Applied Dairy Microbiology (Food Science and Technology), Marcel Dekker, 1998.
[9]	C. H. Collins, P. M. Lyne, J. M. Grange, J. O. Falkinham III, 8th ed., Arnold, 2004.
[10]	D. L. Balkwill and W. C. Ghiorse, “Characterization of Subsurface Bacteria Associated with Two Shallow Aquifers in Oklahoma,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 580-588, 1985.
[11]	J. W. Bartholomew, and T. Mittwer, “The Gram Stain,” Bacteriol. Rev., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-29, 1952.
[12]	Cowan and Steel (1985) Manual for the Identification of Bacteria. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[13]	Schaeffer, A. B. and MacDonald, F. (1933) A simplified method of staining endospores. Science 77, pp194.
[14]	Eklund C. and Lankford C. E. (1967). Laboratory manual for general microbiology Prentice-Hall International, Inc., London. pp299.
[15]	MacFaddin, J. F. (1980). Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria, 2nd ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.
[16]	Bryan, H. (1950). Manual of methods for pure culture study of bacteria. McGraw Hill BookCo. lnc, Newyork, pp12.
[17]	SAB (Society of American Bacteriologists) (1957). Manual of Microbiological Methods. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc. NewYork, London. pp315.
[18]	Buchanan, R. E. and Gibbons, N. E. (1974). Bergey’s Manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th Edition. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore.

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APA Style

Sumya Afroze, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Belkis Fatama. (2019). Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 5(1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12

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ACS Style

Sumya Afroze; Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui; Belkis Fatama. Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2019, 5(1), 8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12

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AMA Style

Sumya Afroze, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Belkis Fatama. Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus. Front Environ Microbiol. 2019;5(1):8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12,
  author = {Sumya Afroze and Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui and Belkis Fatama},
  title = {Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20190501.12},
  abstract = {Water contaminated with harmful pathogen and due to the lack of access to safe drinking water can cause various health defects like infection, water born disease and undesirable appearance of water. This study is focused to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Chittagong University campus which is one of the mostly populated University in Bangladesh. To determine the microbial quality of drinking water, water was collected from three highly populated place of the campus and the sampling sites were canteen of Biological Science Faculty, Deshnetri Begum Khaleda Zia Hall and Canteen near Shahid Minar. For collecting water samples three random place were selected from those collection sites and water samples were collected using standard procedure for three consecutive days. The temperature and pH was measured at the sampling site; for checking bacteriological parameters (total coliform and fecal coliform) were tested for each sample and their potential for health hazard were measured. Average viable bacterial count in the samples were 13.19×106, 9.32 ×106 and 9.7×106 respectively in sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3. The results of the study demonstrated that physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water at sources was not up to the mark. But water from canteen near Shahid Minar (Sample 3) has a very high risk of infection as the number of coliform is >1100 and fecal coliform ≅93 and Salmonella was present in that place, demonstrated that water from this site is not safe for drinking. Also Salmonella was found in drinking water sample of canteen of Biological Science Faculty (Sample 1). Possible cause of water contamination may be the irrational practice of drawing water from pipe by suction, improper layout of water supply lines and sewer there might be crossing between them and poor hygienic practice and illiteracy of workers of canteen people. It is recommended that to carryout regular monitoring, crosscheck of the water supply lines.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus
AU  - Sumya Afroze
AU  - Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui
AU  - Belkis Fatama
Y1  - 2019/03/05
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12
T2  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JO  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
SP  - 8
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8067
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12
AB  - Water contaminated with harmful pathogen and due to the lack of access to safe drinking water can cause various health defects like infection, water born disease and undesirable appearance of water. This study is focused to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Chittagong University campus which is one of the mostly populated University in Bangladesh. To determine the microbial quality of drinking water, water was collected from three highly populated place of the campus and the sampling sites were canteen of Biological Science Faculty, Deshnetri Begum Khaleda Zia Hall and Canteen near Shahid Minar. For collecting water samples three random place were selected from those collection sites and water samples were collected using standard procedure for three consecutive days. The temperature and pH was measured at the sampling site; for checking bacteriological parameters (total coliform and fecal coliform) were tested for each sample and their potential for health hazard were measured. Average viable bacterial count in the samples were 13.19×106, 9.32 ×106 and 9.7×106 respectively in sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3. The results of the study demonstrated that physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water at sources was not up to the mark. But water from canteen near Shahid Minar (Sample 3) has a very high risk of infection as the number of coliform is >1100 and fecal coliform ≅93 and Salmonella was present in that place, demonstrated that water from this site is not safe for drinking. Also Salmonella was found in drinking water sample of canteen of Biological Science Faculty (Sample 1). Possible cause of water contamination may be the irrational practice of drawing water from pipe by suction, improper layout of water supply lines and sewer there might be crossing between them and poor hygienic practice and illiteracy of workers of canteen people. It is recommended that to carryout regular monitoring, crosscheck of the water supply lines.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
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Author Information

Sumya Afroze

Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui

Department of Pharmacy, Atish Dipankar University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Belkis Fatama

Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh

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Sumya Afroze, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Belkis Fatama. (2019). Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 5(1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12

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ACS Style

Sumya Afroze; Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui; Belkis Fatama. Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2019, 5(1), 8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12

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AMA Style

Sumya Afroze, Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui, Belkis Fatama. Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus. Front Environ Microbiol. 2019;5(1):8-13. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12,
  author = {Sumya Afroze and Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui and Belkis Fatama},
  title = {Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {8-13},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20190501.12},
  abstract = {Water contaminated with harmful pathogen and due to the lack of access to safe drinking water can cause various health defects like infection, water born disease and undesirable appearance of water. This study is focused to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Chittagong University campus which is one of the mostly populated University in Bangladesh. To determine the microbial quality of drinking water, water was collected from three highly populated place of the campus and the sampling sites were canteen of Biological Science Faculty, Deshnetri Begum Khaleda Zia Hall and Canteen near Shahid Minar. For collecting water samples three random place were selected from those collection sites and water samples were collected using standard procedure for three consecutive days. The temperature and pH was measured at the sampling site; for checking bacteriological parameters (total coliform and fecal coliform) were tested for each sample and their potential for health hazard were measured. Average viable bacterial count in the samples were 13.19×106, 9.32 ×106 and 9.7×106 respectively in sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3. The results of the study demonstrated that physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water at sources was not up to the mark. But water from canteen near Shahid Minar (Sample 3) has a very high risk of infection as the number of coliform is >1100 and fecal coliform ≅93 and Salmonella was present in that place, demonstrated that water from this site is not safe for drinking. Also Salmonella was found in drinking water sample of canteen of Biological Science Faculty (Sample 1). Possible cause of water contamination may be the irrational practice of drawing water from pipe by suction, improper layout of water supply lines and sewer there might be crossing between them and poor hygienic practice and illiteracy of workers of canteen people. It is recommended that to carryout regular monitoring, crosscheck of the water supply lines.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Presence of Coliform and Fecal Coliform and Evaluation of the Drinking Water Quality in Chittagong University Campus
AU  - Sumya Afroze
AU  - Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui
AU  - Belkis Fatama
Y1  - 2019/03/05
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12
T2  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JO  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
SP  - 8
EP  - 13
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8067
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20190501.12
AB  - Water contaminated with harmful pathogen and due to the lack of access to safe drinking water can cause various health defects like infection, water born disease and undesirable appearance of water. This study is focused to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Chittagong University campus which is one of the mostly populated University in Bangladesh. To determine the microbial quality of drinking water, water was collected from three highly populated place of the campus and the sampling sites were canteen of Biological Science Faculty, Deshnetri Begum Khaleda Zia Hall and Canteen near Shahid Minar. For collecting water samples three random place were selected from those collection sites and water samples were collected using standard procedure for three consecutive days. The temperature and pH was measured at the sampling site; for checking bacteriological parameters (total coliform and fecal coliform) were tested for each sample and their potential for health hazard were measured. Average viable bacterial count in the samples were 13.19×106, 9.32 ×106 and 9.7×106 respectively in sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3. The results of the study demonstrated that physicochemical and bacteriological quality of water at sources was not up to the mark. But water from canteen near Shahid Minar (Sample 3) has a very high risk of infection as the number of coliform is >1100 and fecal coliform ≅93 and Salmonella was present in that place, demonstrated that water from this site is not safe for drinking. Also Salmonella was found in drinking water sample of canteen of Biological Science Faculty (Sample 1). Possible cause of water contamination may be the irrational practice of drawing water from pipe by suction, improper layout of water supply lines and sewer there might be crossing between them and poor hygienic practice and illiteracy of workers of canteen people. It is recommended that to carryout regular monitoring, crosscheck of the water supply lines.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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