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Research Article
Genotype by Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Grain Yield in White Seeded Tef [Eragrostis tef (zucc.)Trotter] Genotypes in Western Oromia, Ethiopia
Girma Chemeda*,
Natol Bakala
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
37-47
Received:
10 June 2024
Accepted:
4 July 2024
Published:
29 July 2024
Abstract: Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter L.] is a most important cereal crop in Ethiopia in terms of production, consumption and cash. The study was carried out to investigate grain yield stability and genotype by environment interaction for 18 genotypes conducted in the potential high land areas of Western Oromia, Ethiopia for two consecutive years (2020 to 2021) using Randomized Complete Block Experimental Design with three replications. The study of variance for grain yield using the AMMI model indicated highly significant variation for genotypes, environment, and genotype-environment interactions. Environment accounted for 18.7% of the variance in grain yield, 17.9% for genotypes, and 61.5% for genotypes. The first IPCA component accounted for 47.9% of the interaction effect and revealed the two models were fit. Genotypes G15, G10, G4, G1, and G3 had the lowest AMMI stability value (ASV), indicating stability; genotypes G16, G14, G9, G7, G2, and G5 had the highest ASV value, indicating instability. From over all analysis genotype G1 and G3, showed a high mean grain yield, lowest GSI, ASV and stable compared to other genotypes in the study. As a result, G1 and G3 were identified as the best genotypes for future breeding programs and potential release in Western Oromia, Ethiopia's highlands.
Abstract: Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter L.] is a most important cereal crop in Ethiopia in terms of production, consumption and cash. The study was carried out to investigate grain yield stability and genotype by environment interaction for 18 genotypes conducted in the potential high land areas of Western Oromia, Ethiopia for two consecutive years (20...
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Review Article
Cropping Systems Diversification as an Approach to Enhancing Crop Productivity: A Review
Kalifa Nasiro*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
48-65
Received:
26 June 2024
Accepted:
12 July 2024
Published:
29 July 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.plant.20241203.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Agricultural intensification increased crop productivity but simplified production with lower diversity of cropping systems, higher genetic uniformity, and a higher uniformity of agricultural landscapes. Associated detrimental effects on the environment and biodiversity as well as the resilience and adaptability of cropping systems to climate change are of growing concern. Crop diversification may stabilize productivity of cropping systems and reduce negative environmental impacts and loss of biodiversity, but a shared understanding of crop diversification including approaches towards a more systematic research is lacking. The current review highlights the use of Cropping Systems Diversification as an Approach to Enhancing Crop Productivity. Crop diversification can be considered as an attempt to increase the diversity of crops through, e.g. crop rotation, multiple cropping or intercropping, compared to specialized farming with the aim to improve the productivity, stability and delivery of ecosystem services. It can be one measure to develop more sustainable production systems, develop value-chains for minor crops. Crop diversification practices can include higher crop diversity, more diverse crop, mixed cropping; cultivation of grain legumes in otherwise cereal dominated systems, perennial leys or grassland and regionally adapted varieties or variety mixtures. Crop diversification and/or additional diversification measures like variation of seeding time or changing cropping patterns have the potential to lead to higher and more stable yields, increase profitability and lead to greater resilience of agro-ecosystems in the long term. These practices have the potential to make cropping systems more diverse in space, time and genetics. Through a balanced portfolio approach to agricultural sustainability, cropping system performance can be optimized in multiple dimensions, including food and biomass production, profit, energy use, pest management, and environmental impacts.
Abstract: Agricultural intensification increased crop productivity but simplified production with lower diversity of cropping systems, higher genetic uniformity, and a higher uniformity of agricultural landscapes. Associated detrimental effects on the environment and biodiversity as well as the resilience and adaptability of cropping systems to climate chang...
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Research Article
Influence of Different Rates of Salinity on Flowering, Yield and Fruit Nutritional Value of Three Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Cultivars in far North Region of Cameroon
Mathias Julien Hand*,
Chimène Fanta Abib,
Salomon Ousman,
Kingsley Mbi Tabi,
Bogno Oumarou,
Victor Désiré Taffouo,
Emmanuel Youmbi
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
66-75
Received:
30 April 2024
Accepted:
27 May 2024
Published:
20 September 2024
Abstract: Context: Salinity is in coastal, arid and semi-arid regions a major constraint in the productivity and agricultural development around the world. Objectifs: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth, the nutritional value of the fruits of three okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cultivars including two local (Javia and Parkwa) and a hybrid variety (Hire). Methodology: This is how four solutions of different NaCl concentrations from 0, 60, 120 to 240 mM were used to water okra plants at the four-leaves stage and this for two months in completely randomized device with four repetitions. Results: The results have differneces and similarities between the three varities during saline treatments. Salinity causes a decrease in growth, performance yield (from 0 to 240 mM NaCl to 28%, 23.6% and 22% in Parkwa, Hire, Javia cultivars respectively), mineral elements, antioxidants components and accumulation of Na content (to 45% in Parkwa, 23% in Hire and 18.4% in Javia from 0 to 240 mM NaCl) and flowering period (from 0 to 240 mM NaCl to 27.5%, 23.1% et 21.9% in Parkwa, Hire, Javia respectively). The reductions generated by salt have been less strong in Javia and Hire cultivars while the reductions were stronger at Parkwa cultivar. In addition, NaCl, at high concentrations, advantage of osmoticum accumulation involved in the osmotic ajustement mechanisms and would also serve as osmoprotector. Accumulation of osmolytes is salinity tolerance index that explains the maintenance of good water status in okra. Conclusion: Cultivars Javia and Hire were the most salt tolerant while the Parkwa was the most sensitive. The good behaviour of Javia and Hire varieties in the face of salinity can be considered for their use to better enhance the sahelian and coastal areas.
Abstract: Context: Salinity is in coastal, arid and semi-arid regions a major constraint in the productivity and agricultural development around the world. Objectifs: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth, the nutritional value of the fruits of three okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cultivars including two local (Jav...
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Research Article
Evaluation of Commercial Head Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) Varieties in Kellem Wollega Zone
Kibiru Kena*,
Alemayehu Latera
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
76-81
Received:
29 August 2024
Accepted:
18 September 2024
Published:
29 September 2024
Abstract: Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var.capitata) is one of the most important leafy vegetables worldwide and is adapted to cool moist conditions. The experiment was conducted at two sub-sites of Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center from 2020-2024 at Belam FTC and in 2024 at Gute Anani FTC of Kellem Wollega zone, during main cropping season. Six commercial head cabbage were evaluated with objective the objective of selecting and recommending high yielder, disease and insect pest tolerant head cabbage varieties at for potential areas of Kellem Wollega. Analysis of variance(ANOVA revealed that the main effect of variety showed highly significant effect on days to head initiation and significant on plant height, plant spread, head length, average head weight, marketable yield, total yield and disease reaction. Similarly the main effect of environment showed highly significance on all recorded parameters. The highest (26.4tha-1) and the lowest (20tha-1) marketable yield were recorded from Bakker and Delta varieties. Hence Bakker and Olter varieties were recommended for the yield increment of head cabbage in the studied areas of Western Oromia.
Abstract: Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae var.capitata) is one of the most important leafy vegetables worldwide and is adapted to cool moist conditions. The experiment was conducted at two sub-sites of Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center from 2020-2024 at Belam FTC and in 2024 at Gute Anani FTC of Kellem Wollega zone, during main cropping season. Six commerci...
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Review Article
Effect of Climate Change on Alpine Flowers
Elyas Gebremariam*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, September 2024
Pages:
82-86
Received:
27 August 2024
Accepted:
19 September 2024
Published:
30 September 2024
Abstract: Global warming results in climate change that increases the intensity of rainfall, drought, dry spell, heat waves. This condition have profound impact on alpine plant ecology and induce migration or range shifts of spe¬cies in search for their optimal growth conditions. These shifts subsequently lead to change in local species composition, often resulting in a relative increase of warm demanding species and a decreasing number of cold demanding species. The result of this change may cause habitat loss and disastrous extinction in those alpine environments. An alpine flower has been serving as source of genetic material for ornamental flower industry. Improvement of commercial cultivars through interspecific hybridization with wild relatives has also been the major way forward for transfer of important traits such as disease resistance. However, as a result of global warming, heat stress has become the major challenge for alpine ecosystem that is estimated to be 3% of terrestrial habitats. Here, I review literature regarding impacts of climate change on alpine flowers by using specific commercially important flowers as an example: Dianthus, Primula and Rhododendron. Then, I discuss ways to enhance Rhododendron breeding efficiency for heat stress using invitro growth conditions. Finally, I summarize with indicating future areas of research that should be undertaken.
Abstract: Global warming results in climate change that increases the intensity of rainfall, drought, dry spell, heat waves. This condition have profound impact on alpine plant ecology and induce migration or range shifts of spe¬cies in search for their optimal growth conditions. These shifts subsequently lead to change in local species composition, often re...
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