Research Article
A Review on Factors Affecting Dairy Cooperative Membership and Its Impact on Household’s Livelihood in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
11-17
Received:
1 May 2023
Accepted:
14 December 2023
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: Livestock sector particularly dairy and dairy products have a huge contribution regard to small holders as income generation and employment creation in Ethiopia. But the contribution of the sector is below its potential due to different dairy production and marketing constraints. Cooperatives by bringing buyers and sellers together, can contribute towards reducing price risk and enhancing bargaining power of producers. But number of cooperatives and farmers membership on it is very low in the country. Hence, it is pertinent to understand factors affecting dairy cooperative membership and its impact the livelihood of households in Ethiopia. Factors such as age, educational level, credit access, and crossbreed cow ownership, livestock holding, family size, farming experience, extension service, awareness level, information access and income of the households are the determinant factors of dairy cooperative membership. Moreover, Membership in dairy cooperatives has a positive significant effect on households’ livelihood. however, Dairy cooperatives are hindered by the challenges like: lack of milk processing facilities, limited number of milk collection centers, low initial capacities, insufficient production area, low stakeholders’ participation, inadequate support and weak regulation and supervision, weak linkage of cooperative sectors with stakeholders, lack of awareness, low milk yield per cow, low use of crossbred cows, high cost of feed and non-availability are the major among others.
Abstract: Livestock sector particularly dairy and dairy products have a huge contribution regard to small holders as income generation and employment creation in Ethiopia. But the contribution of the sector is below its potential due to different dairy production and marketing constraints. Cooperatives by bringing buyers and sellers together, can contribute ...
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Research Article
The Dynamics of the Ghanaian Currency Depreciation: A Case Analysis of the Performance of Ghana Cedi (GHC) Against Its Major Trading Currencies
Ibrahim Zubairu*,
Marim Alenezi,
Ahmed Jamal Iddrisu,
Samuel Dawson
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 1, February 2024
Pages:
18-43
Received:
5 October 2023
Accepted:
16 January 2024
Published:
5 February 2024
Abstract: Depreciation is a currency's exchange rate falling against other currencies. Economic fundamentals, interest rate differentials, political instability, or investor risk aversion can cause currency devaluation. Countries with weak economic fundamentals, such persistent current account deficits and excessive inflation, have declining currencies. Orderly and progressive currency depreciation increases export competitiveness and may reduce trade imbalance. Ghana imports and exports raw commodities. Ghana needs foreign currency but has a limited supply. The cedi depreciates against major currencies occasionally. In this study, the researchers assessed the performance of the Ghana cedi relative to major foreign currencies such as the U. S. Dollar, the British Pound, the Chinese Yuan, and the Japanese Yen. The following particular goals will be evaluated: This study's population will consist of all business owners in the central region of Accra. A simple random sample of fifty (50) individuals and firms that deal in foreign currencies was conducted. The study revealed a positive relationship between the US Dollar, British pound, Japanese yen, Chinese yuan, and Ghanaian cedi. The link between the US Dollar and the Great British Pound appears to be the strongest, with the Chinese Yuan being the weakest. This indicates that the Ghanaian cedi is unaffected by fluctuations in the US Dollar and British Pound. It was discovered that the Ghana cedi declined continuously versus other international currencies from 2016 to 2022. In 2022, the Ghana Cedi lost approximately 40.05 percent of its value against the US dollar, 21 percent against the British pound, 23.55 percent against the Japanese yen, and 34.98% against the Chinese yuan. The analysis advised that the Bank of Ghana enforce the prohibition on commodity pricing in other foreign currencies.
Abstract: Depreciation is a currency's exchange rate falling against other currencies. Economic fundamentals, interest rate differentials, political instability, or investor risk aversion can cause currency devaluation. Countries with weak economic fundamentals, such persistent current account deficits and excessive inflation, have declining currencies. Orde...
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