Research Article
Sustainable Development Goal No. 3 of 2030 Agenda: An Evaluation of Universal Health Coverage Level Achievement in Cameroon
Albert Ze*
,
Fleurine Paola Njanga Tsele
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
154-164
Received:
10 June 2025
Accepted:
27 June 2025
Published:
16 July 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20251104.11
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Abstract: The Universal Health Coverage (UHC), a key concept of SDG 3, is a critical issue for global health improvement. In Cameroon, this objective is part of the priorities outlined in the President’s political agenda. However, its realization remains uncertain. It’s within this context that this work aims to assess the level of progress towards UHC in Cameroon over the past 9 years. The study was conducted in Cameroon and evaluates the Universal Health Coverage level achievement until 2025. For this purpose, a synthetic index was designed to measure the level of UHC attainment, based on a set of 10 individual indicators. Each individual indicator is assigned a weight proportional to its importance in the process of achieving UHC. These weights and the scores for each indicator were determined through interviews with key stakeholders involved in the UHC process, as well as the population. The calculation of the index shows that the level of UHC attainment in Cameroon is 6.4%. This shows that the issue of UHC in Cameroon remains a major concern, as the process has not made any substantial progress over the past 9 years. The level of achievement is very low compared to the expected result, with only 5 years remaining before the target deadline. Contribution: This study has highlighted the real level of progress in the UHC process in Cameroon. Unlike other analyses that focus solely on the availability of specific health services within the population, the index developed in this study allows for a comprehensive evaluation of all efforts made towards achieving UHC.
Abstract: The Universal Health Coverage (UHC), a key concept of SDG 3, is a critical issue for global health improvement. In Cameroon, this objective is part of the priorities outlined in the President’s political agenda. However, its realization remains uncertain. It’s within this context that this work aims to assess the level of progress towards UHC in Ca...
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Research Article
Factors Associated with Malaria in Children Aged 3 to 59 Months Under Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention with Direct Observation Therapy in Two Districts in Burkina Faso, 2020: A Quasi-Experimental Trial
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
165-178
Received:
27 May 2025
Accepted:
23 June 2025
Published:
18 July 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.cajph.20251104.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) represents one of the key interventions for malaria elimination in seasonal malaria transmission settings. However, though the SMC was implemented in Burkina Faso since the last ten years, the incidence of malaria in children of 3 to 59 months under seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) remains high in the country. To enhance the intervention's effectiveness in its routine system, strategies are being explored, including a new delivery approach in which community health workers directly supervise the administration of the three doses of SMC therapy (3DOT), compared to the standard delivery approach in which only the first dose is directly observed therapy (1DOT) and the remaining two doses are given to the child's guardians or parents, who must administer them to the child over the following two days. While the search for the most effective delivery strategy for SMC continues, our study aimed to identify factors associated with malaria under the 3DOT and 1DOT delivery of SMC in children aged 3 to 59 months in 2 districts in Burkina Faso. We identified factors associated with malaria in 2440 children included in a quasi-experimental cluster randomized trial, before-after with a control group design. Four health and social promotion centers were randomly selected in the Boromo health district (1DOT) and 3 in the Gaoua health district (3DOT) to receive a monthly four rounds of SMC with Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus Amodiaquine. A survey logistic regression calculated the odds ratios of association between variables and malaria with significance threshold ɑ= 0.05. The results revealed, lack of optimal supervision (aOR = 2.466 [1.650–3.686], p < 0.0001), lack of optimal coverage (aOR = 4.881 [2.454–9.708], p < 0.0001), total vomiting/rejection (aOR = 14.016 [2.169–90.552], p = 0.0055), residence in the health district of Gaoua (3DOT) (aOR = 2.057 [1.425–2.970], p = 0.0001) and past history of fever (aOR = 3.045 [1.630–5.686], p = 0.0005) were significantly associated with malaria in children under five years of age under SMC. The factors associated with malaria under SMC identified in this study support the conclusion of the superiority of 3DOT compared to 1DOT to reduce the prevalence of malaria. Addressing these factors would make the strategy more relevant for the elimination of malaria by 2030.
Abstract: The seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) represents one of the key interventions for malaria elimination in seasonal malaria transmission settings. However, though the SMC was implemented in Burkina Faso since the last ten years, the incidence of malaria in children of 3 to 59 months under seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) remains high in th...
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