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Research Article
A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Oils Extracted from Common Species of the Niger Delta Raphia Palm Fruits and Elaeis guineensis
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
34-51
Received:
7 April 2024
Accepted:
29 April 2024
Published:
24 May 2024
Abstract: Elaeis guineensis oils (palm oil and palm kernel oil) are versatile ingredients widely used in food applications as well as in the industrial production of biofuels and other oleochemicals. Global demand for Elaeis guineensis oils is increasing and has surpassed other vegetable oils. In many nations such as Nigeria, the demand outweighs the supply. Consequently, the prices of the oils have been relatively high and there is high demand for land for the cultivation of the palms. However, Elaeis guineensis cultivation has been noted for several environmental, climatic and social challenges. Based on these reasons, concerted efforts are being made to search for a promising feedstock that can either be used in conjunction with or as an alternative to Elaeis guineensis oils. In this study, oils were extracted from the mesocarp of common species of the Niger Delta Raphia palm fruits (Raphia farinifera, Raphia hookeri and Raphia vinifera) as wells as the mesocarp and kernel of Elaeis guineensis fruits. The potentials of using each of the Raphia palm oils as an alternative to Elaeis guineensis oils were evaluated based on standard physiochemical properties obtained using standard analytical techniques. The study showed that oils extracted from common species of the Niger Delta Raphia palm fruits and are very similar to Elaeis guineensis oils in many aspects. However, most of the physiochemical properties results showed that oils extracted from common species of the Niger Delta Raphia palm fruits are more suited as replacement to Elaeis guineensis oils in the production of biofuels and other oleochemicals than for food or edibility purposes.
Abstract: Elaeis guineensis oils (palm oil and palm kernel oil) are versatile ingredients widely used in food applications as well as in the industrial production of biofuels and other oleochemicals. Global demand for Elaeis guineensis oils is increasing and has surpassed other vegetable oils. In many nations such as Nigeria, the demand outweighs the supply....
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Research Article
Empirical Assessment of African Oil Bean Husk as a Fluid-Loss Control Agent in Oil-Based Drilling Mud
Sunday Chukwuyem Ikpeseni*
,
Michael Chukwunweike Ogbue,
Ifeanyi Eddy Okoh,
Mathias Ekpu,
Lawrence Chukwuka Edomwonyi-Otu
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
52-64
Received:
21 February 2024
Accepted:
13 March 2024
Published:
3 June 2024
Abstract: Efficiency of drilling mud is partly determined by filtrate loss. In this article, research on suitability of African oil bean husk (AOBH), as a fluid loss control additive for oil-based drilling mud (OBM) is presented. Dry AOBH of particle sizes 63µm, 125µm and 250µm were used. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Phenom Prox model of the Scanning Electron Microscope energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used to determine morphology and chemical properties of AOBH. OBM samples were prepared using the various sizes of AOBH as fluid-loss control additives and Grel Alphatex as industrial grade additives. Power Law Model and Herschel-Bulkley Models were used to model rheology of samples. Results show that AOBH contains mainly asphaltic compounds, is eco-friendly and biodegradable. Results from mud tests show close values in performances of AOBH and industrial grade. Filter cake thickness was 2.1mm – 2.8mm for AOBH-additives mud, but 2.3mm for industrial-additives mud. Filtrate loss was 2.0ml – 3.4ml for AOBH-additives mud, but 2.3ml for industrial-additives mud. Apparent viscosity for AOBH-additives mud was 77.5 -92.0cp, but 99.0cp for industrial–additives mud. Plastic viscosity for AOBH-additives mud was 73.0 - 81.0cp, but 87.0cp for industrial-additives mud. Yield point for AOBH-additives mud was 9.0 – 22.0, but 24.0 for industrial-additives mud. Both models show that efficiency of the mud containing AOBH in cleaning hole increased as grain size of AOBH reduced.
Abstract: Efficiency of drilling mud is partly determined by filtrate loss. In this article, research on suitability of African oil bean husk (AOBH), as a fluid loss control additive for oil-based drilling mud (OBM) is presented. Dry AOBH of particle sizes 63µm, 125µm and 250µm were used. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Phenom Prox mo...
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Research Article
Assessment of Removal Methylene Blue and Green Dye in Water by Adsorption in Aqueous Solution by the Pan Bottom from a Mining Waste from Betaré-Oya
Ngaha Emmanuel*,
Duranoğlu Dilek
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
65-71
Received:
24 April 2024
Accepted:
30 May 2024
Published:
27 June 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajche.20241203.13
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Abstract: This work focuses on the study of the adsorption of methylene blue (BM) and a green dye (CV) in aqueous solution by the pan bottom from a mining waste from Betaré-Oya. The aim is to recover mining waste as an adsorbent. The influence of physico-chemical parameters on the kinetics and isotherm of adsorption of these dyes on the pan bottom was determined. The UV/Visible spectroscopy technique was used for the analyses. The green dye was study at spectral wavelength 570 nm. Green. Adsorption equilibrium times are 15 minutes for these dyes. Experiments show that when the bottom mass of the pan increases, the quantities adsorbed decrease. In fact, it is the adsorption yields that increase from 60 to 80% for BM and from 30 to more than 90% for CV. Variations in pH showed greater adsorption of dyes in basic medium (pH ≥ 10) which indicates that the dyes are cationic. It was also observed that the amounts of BM and CV per unit of pan bottom increase with increasing initial concentration. The experimental data was analyzed by isotherm models. The value of the constant n of the Freundlich model for BM is 1.53, indicating that adsorption is unfavorable, whereas in the case of CV, adsorption is moderate. Langmuir and Temkin models better describe MB adsorption. The mechanism of adsorption of BM and CV is of chemical type. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich and intra-particle kinetic models have been applied on data and the most suitable is the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Abstract: This work focuses on the study of the adsorption of methylene blue (BM) and a green dye (CV) in aqueous solution by the pan bottom from a mining waste from Betaré-Oya. The aim is to recover mining waste as an adsorbent. The influence of physico-chemical parameters on the kinetics and isotherm of adsorption of these dyes on the pan bottom was determ...
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Research Article
Effect of Photoreactor Design on the Degradation of Thiamethoxam by Pure/Supported Titanium Dioxide
Ngaha Emmanuel*,
Duranoğlu Dilek
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2024
Pages:
72-79
Received:
13 January 2024
Accepted:
12 February 2024
Published:
27 June 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajche.20241203.14
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Views:
Abstract: The environmental persistence of thiamethoxam (THX), a commonly used neonicotinoid insecticide, raises concerns about its long-term effects. This study explored the photocatalytic degradation of THX using pure and perlite supported TiO2 photocatalysts in two distinct UV photoreactor configurations. Our investigation aimed to identify some optimal conditions for efficient THX removal while considering cost-effectiveness and sustainability for potential industrial applications. The results revealed that horizontal UV irradiation (System 1) significantly surpassed vertical irradiation (System 2) in both THX degradation rate and energy efficiency. This highlights the importance of photoreactor design for maximizing light utilization and mass transfer. While pure TiO2 exhibited superior performance in both systems compared to perlite-supported TiO2 (PST), the latter demonstrated an intriguing temperature dependence. PST achieved enhanced degradation at higher temperatures, suggesting its potential for industrial applications where waste heat is available. Furthermore, we discovered that low pH conditions substantially boosted THX degradation with PST, opening a promising avenue for optimizing industrial processes and minimizing chemical usage. This finding underscores the crucial role of operational parameters in tailoring photocatalytic performance. In conclusion, this study provided strong evidence for the effectiveness of TiO2 photocatalysis in degrading THX, a persistent organic pollutant. We emphasized the impact of catalyst support, photoreactor design, and operational parameters, such as temperature and pH, on treatment efficiency. Notably, the enhanced performance of PST at higher temperatures and its responsiveness to low pH conditions suggest its potential for cost-effective and sustainable THX treatment in industrial settings. These findings pave the way for further research and development of optimized photocatalytic systems for mitigating environmental contamination by THX and other persistent organic pollutants.
Abstract: The environmental persistence of thiamethoxam (THX), a commonly used neonicotinoid insecticide, raises concerns about its long-term effects. This study explored the photocatalytic degradation of THX using pure and perlite supported TiO2 photocatalysts in two distinct UV photoreactor configurations. Our investigation aimed to identify some optimal c...
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