Research Article
Consumer Attitudes Toward E-commerce: Insights from Higher Education Students in the Philippines
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
1-12
Received:
11 May 2025
Accepted:
2 July 2025
Published:
31 January 2026
Abstract: This study explores the attitudes and behaviors of Business Administration students at the University of Cagayan Valley toward online shopping. The Philippines needs to understand student consumers because they use budget-friendly shopping methods while seeking convenient online shopping experiences during the fast-paced expansion of internet usage and e-commerce platforms. The Theory of Reasoned Action served as the framework for this quantitative descriptive-correlational study which analyzed how students shop online based on convenience and web design features and time efficiency and security measures and their demographic characteristics including age and sex and academic program and year of study and monthly spending amount. The research involved 200 students who studied Business Administration at different levels through convenience sampling. The research used a structured questionnaire to gather data which researchers analyzed by performing descriptive statistics and t-tests and correlation analysis. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were 22-year-old, female, third-year students with a monthly allowance between PHP 3,000 and 5,000. Web design/features stand as the most important factor according to users who also value security and convenience and time-saving features. The students' general agreement about positive factors in their shopping choices became evident through their average score results. The statistical analysis showed that student background information created a strong connection between their preferred activities for online shopping. The research findings show that students base their shopping choices on their financial understanding and their experience with the platform and its convenience features. The recommendations establish protected e-commerce systems which provide users with simple access to platforms while promoting customers to plan their online shopping and teaching digital skills to people for improved purchasing choices and superior customer service. The research results deliver vital information which online businesses and educational organizations and future researchers must understand about student market actions during digital shopping in present times.
Abstract: This study explores the attitudes and behaviors of Business Administration students at the University of Cagayan Valley toward online shopping. The Philippines needs to understand student consumers because they use budget-friendly shopping methods while seeking convenient online shopping experiences during the fast-paced expansion of internet usage...
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Research Article
A Study on the Organization and Operation of School Autonomous Time Through an Analysis of Perceptions and Support Factors
Gu Gyo-Jeong*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
13-23
Received:
5 January 2026
Accepted:
19 January 2026
Published:
9 February 2026
Abstract: This study aims to derive effective organization and operation strategies for School Autonomous Time under the 2022 Revised National Curriculum. To this end, a survey of elementary and middle school teachers and a questionnaire-based inquiry with teachers in research schools were conducted in 2024 to analyze perceptions and required support factors. The results are as follows. First, regarding perceptions and support factors, elementary school teachers tended to view School Autonomous Time as a means of implementing school-specific activities and integrated thematic learning aligned with the school vision, whereas middle school teachers primarily perceived it as a mechanism for curriculum restructuring, such as securing information subject hours and opening elective courses. Common challenges included increased teacher workload, conflicts arising from instructional hour adjustments, and burdens related to assessment and school record documentation. In particular, middle schools identified the mismatch between teacher staffing confirmation schedules and curriculum planning timelines as a structural constraint. Accordingly, key support factors across the stages of preparation, design, organization, operation, and evaluation included consensus building on themes, securing time for collaborative curriculum design, provision of exemplary cases and instructional materials, continuous professional development and consulting, and clarification of assessment and documentation criteria. Second, in terms of organization and operation, the study highlights the need to clearly define themes aligned with school goals, select appropriate organizational models—intensive, distributed, or hybrid—based on school conditions, and establish operation structures grounded in teacher collaboration. Instruction should be designed around inquiry-, project-, and collaboration-based learning to enhance student outputs such as presentations, reports, and portfolios. Furthermore, assessment should prioritize process- and growth-oriented principles over ranking, with clear guidelines on responsibility sharing, scope of records, and sample documentation statements.
Abstract: This study aims to derive effective organization and operation strategies for School Autonomous Time under the 2022 Revised National Curriculum. To this end, a survey of elementary and middle school teachers and a questionnaire-based inquiry with teachers in research schools were conducted in 2024 to analyze perceptions and required support factors...
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