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Estimation of Global Solar Radiation from Temperature Extremes: A Case Study of Hebron City, Palestine
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
1-5
Received:
21 December 2018
Accepted:
9 January 2019
Published:
13 February 2019
Abstract: Solar radiation is the main energy source for mankind and an accurate data of solar radiation levels for a particular location is vital for the optimum operation of solar energy transducers such as photovoltaic cells and solar thermal collectors. This study aimed to calibrate some of the existing models in the literature for estimating daily global solar radiation parameter using available measured records of air temperature extremes and new models were developed based on maximum and minimum air temperatures. Applicability of the Hargreaves model, Allen model, Bristow-Campbell model and Chen et al. model were evaluated for computing the global solar radiation for Hebron city in Palestine. Estimated values were compared with measured values in terms of the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). All models provide good estimates when compared to the accurate values with R2 0.9226 (Bristow-Campbell model) to 0.9547 (Chen et al. model), while the proposed model provides a value of 0.9632. The RMSE value ranges from 0.7632 for Chen et al. model to 0.9211 for Bristow-Campbell model, however a lower value (0.7118) for the proposed model. This study found that the proposed model estimates global solar radiation at the location of study better than the other models.
Abstract: Solar radiation is the main energy source for mankind and an accurate data of solar radiation levels for a particular location is vital for the optimum operation of solar energy transducers such as photovoltaic cells and solar thermal collectors. This study aimed to calibrate some of the existing models in the literature for estimating daily global...
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The Characteristic Analysis of Canopy Spectrum and Moisture Content of 10 Typical Arid Desert Plants
Wei Huaidong,
Li Jingjing,
Chen Fang,
Zhang Bo,
Zhou Lanping,
Li Ya,
Yang Xuemei
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
6-11
Received:
7 January 2019
Published:
8 March 2019
Abstract: Plant water is a main factor to affect physiological and biochemical indexes of plants like photosynthesis, respiration, and biomass and so on. The investigation of plant water content is an important part of vegetation research. The study of the relationship between water content and canopy spectrum of typical desert plants by hyper spectral has great significance for remote sensing monitoring of vegetation in arid desert areas. The canopy spectral curves of 10 typical desert plants were determined by ASD portable ground spectrometer in this study. The correlation coefficient method and vegetation index method were used to analyze the spectral characteristics of different desert plants and their relationship with canopy moisture content. The results show: 1) the reflectance curve of desert plants has the general characteristics of green plants in the visible-near-infrared band, with obvious "green peak" characteristics and "red edge effect". 2) In the three wavebands of 954-973 nm, 1184-1198 nm and 1440-1462 nm, desert plants have obvious water absorption valleys. Among them, the correlation coefficient between spectral reflectance and water content in the 1440-1462 nm band is greater than 0.8, and they have strong linear correlation. 3) WBI (Water Band Index), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), NDII (Normalized Difference Infrared Index), MSI (Moisture Stress Index) were significantly correlated with plant water content (P<0.05), and the measured values of canopy moisture content index and vegetation moisture have high consistency and can reflect the change of moisture content of desert vegetation.
Abstract: Plant water is a main factor to affect physiological and biochemical indexes of plants like photosynthesis, respiration, and biomass and so on. The investigation of plant water content is an important part of vegetation research. The study of the relationship between water content and canopy spectrum of typical desert plants by hyper spectral has g...
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Biogas as an Alternative Energy Source in Rural Areas and Public Awareness: A Case Study in Jessore District
Hossain Al Tanjil,
Sigma Akter,
Mohammad Sumon Chowdhury,
Syeda Musarrat Jabin,
Azmol Huda Mintu,
Mohammad Tofayal Ahmed,
Mohammad Shimul Hossain
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
12-17
Received:
23 January 2019
Accepted:
12 March 2019
Published:
29 March 2019
Abstract: Bangladesh is a country of natural resources, but it is facing necessary energy supply difficulties for its low economical condition. Biogas can be used a substitute energy generating source in Bangladesh for its suitable climate. About 35°C temperatures are suitable for biogas production. In Bangladesh, the essential materials for biogas production can be arranged very easy and cheapest way depending on country temperature (4°C - 41°C) as it is an agricultural country. About 64 study data was collected from different biogas plants from three Upazila under Jessore district named Jessore sadar, Jhikargachha and Noapara paurasava. Three sizes of biogas plants have been observed in the study areas, which are based on cow dung. The constructional costs of these plants were from 36000 taka to 52000 taka. Biogas is beneficial to human health and environment assistances. Approximately 86% and 80.3% male informed that biogas has improved their mental and physical health respectively. This response has reached more than 95% for female. Maximum male and female thought that not only physical and mental health but also their financial conditions are also benefited by using biogas. About 85.4% to 97.65% male and 88.69% to 98.72% female realized that it has the capability to decrease various waste materials that may have contrary effect on environment. From this survey, it is able to be stated that Bangladesh has an amazing potentiality to adopt more plant life particularly in rural areas for easing the existing environmental degradation, gas power storage, and developing financial situations with suitable health.
Abstract: Bangladesh is a country of natural resources, but it is facing necessary energy supply difficulties for its low economical condition. Biogas can be used a substitute energy generating source in Bangladesh for its suitable climate. About 35°C temperatures are suitable for biogas production. In Bangladesh, the essential materials for biogas productio...
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Sustainability and Sustainable Development: Chance of System Failure Due to Event Characteristics
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
18-29
Received:
20 January 2019
Published:
28 April 2019
Abstract: While performance along social, environment and economic dimensions has gained traction in business and society, the focus has been on system continuity. Because of the different interpretations which can be attached to sustainability or sustainable development, consensus on appropriate goals of the system, whatever the system might be, may be more difficult to develop than consensus on what is not wanted – such as a system failure. System failure in this context is meant to convey a system’s inability to adapt to changes in the external or internal environments brought on by an event that disturbs the equilibrium of forces acting on it (the system). A failure then is linked to the interaction between the event and the characteristics which differentiate one event from the next, and the system and the characteristics which differentiate one system from the next. This paper focuses on sustainability and system continuity in terms of understanding conditions that promote system failure from the perspective of the event characteristics. It examines threats to system failure in the context of the characteristics of the event which causes the disturbance threatening system stability.
Abstract: While performance along social, environment and economic dimensions has gained traction in business and society, the focus has been on system continuity. Because of the different interpretations which can be attached to sustainability or sustainable development, consensus on appropriate goals of the system, whatever the system might be, may be more...
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Using Meteorological Data to Adjust Water-Pricing of Urban Resident Households
Juan Zhao,
Xingmin Mu,
Wenbing Shi,
Mei Ou
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
30-36
Received:
20 January 2019
Published:
28 April 2019
Abstract: In this paper, a dynamic method is presented for setting the price of urban residential water. Using a model called Seasonal Water Pricing (SWP); urban residential water pricing was set by taking into account the fact that some of the characteristics of temperature and precipitation may also influence residential water supply levels. In this work, an SWP model was adopted and used to estimate correction coefficients for urban residential water prices. The adjusted cost of water was < 3% of the disposable per capita income of customers. Thus, this work offers a basis for reforming water resource pricing in China.
Abstract: In this paper, a dynamic method is presented for setting the price of urban residential water. Using a model called Seasonal Water Pricing (SWP); urban residential water pricing was set by taking into account the fact that some of the characteristics of temperature and precipitation may also influence residential water supply levels. In this work, ...
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Glomalin-Related Soil Protein and Its Relationship with Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Water-stable Aggregates in Abandoned Agricultural Lands
Zhao Xu,
Wang Cuili,
Zhao Jing,
Hou Beibei,
Li Yanrong,
Qiu Xiaoqing,
Song Panpan,
Wang Junqiang
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
37-44
Received:
27 February 2019
Published:
28 April 2019
Abstract: A large number of studies have shown that glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) plays an important role in soil aggregate formation and soil carbon balance. However, to date, we lack understanding on the relationship between GRSP and water-stable aggregates (WSA) in abandoned agricultural lands of semi-arid region. We considered abandoned agricultural lands of different ages in Minqin Oasis as the research object. We discussed the changes of GRSP and the relationship between GRSP and WSA during land abandonment. The research results showed the following: the content of extractable glomalin-related soil protein (e-GRSP) and total glomalin-related soil protein (t-GRSP) is higher than that of traditional arable lands, and the content increases as the years of land abandonment increase. e-GRSP and t-GRSP contents are higher than the soil layer of 0–20 and 40–60 cm in terms of vertical section. The proportion ranges of e-GRSP and t-GRSP in soil total organic carbon (TOC) are 0.62%–2.0% and 1.97%–8.1% respectively in the abandoned agricultural lands. e-GRSP and t-GRSP also exhibit significant quadratic correlation with TOC (P<0.05). e-GRSP and t-GRSP have significant positive correlation with mean weight diameter (P<0.05). Significant and extremely significant positive correlations are observed between the e-GRSP and t-GRSP and the WSA with particle sizes between 0.25–1 and >2 mm and the organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) existing in such sizes, respectively. In addition, significant and extremely significant negative correlation exist between the e-GRSP and t-GRSP and the clay and silt contents (<0.053 mm) and the OC and N in clay and silt. In general, land abandonment has raised the GRSP content. Moreover, the GRSP after land abandonment tends to promote large WSA formulation and organic matter enrichment in large aggregates. Organic matter accumulation in clay and silt was also inhibited. This phenomenon helps build a reasonable aggregate hierarchy and improve the stability of soil aggregates.
Abstract: A large number of studies have shown that glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP) plays an important role in soil aggregate formation and soil carbon balance. However, to date, we lack understanding on the relationship between GRSP and water-stable aggregates (WSA) in abandoned agricultural lands of semi-arid region. We considered abandoned agricultur...
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