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Efficacy of Herbicides to Various Weeds in Perennial Crops
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-5
Received:
25 February 2022
Accepted:
12 April 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
Abstract: Peach is one of the most important fruit crops in the world with wider ecological adaptation which has been cultivated in sub-tropical to temperate climates. In spite of its economic importance, its production has been affected by various abiotic and biotic factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of non-selective herbicides against peach weeds. Treatments consisted of three post emergence non selective herbicides; Glynosh @ 1.75kg/ha, Glynosh @1.75 L ha-1, Glyphosate@ 2L ha-1 along with weedy check that were laid out in RCBD with three replications. The field was infested with nine weed species in which five species were annual weeds, three species were perennial weeds and one species was under category of biennial. The maximum relative weed density (17.38) was calculated from Cynodon dactylon L. while minimum (3.90) number was observed from Centella asiatica L. The result also showed that application of all herbicides had no statistically significant differences on Bidens pilosa L., Medicago polymorpha L., Palntago lanceoleta L. and Raphanus raphanistrum L. except for weedy check. In addition, application of Glyphosate IPA 480gm. /lit, 48% SL and Glyphosate produced statistically no significant differences on the remaining weed species. Application of all herbicides revealed statistically no significant differences in terms of weed dry weight while better weed control efficiency and fruit yield was obtained from application of Glyphosate IPA 480gm. /lit, 48% SL at all experimental sites. Furthermore, there is no phytotoxicity was observed due to candidate herbicide if applied with great care in between row planted peach. Thus, Glynosh 1.75 L/ha is recommended for control of various annual and perennial weeds in peach.
Abstract: Peach is one of the most important fruit crops in the world with wider ecological adaptation which has been cultivated in sub-tropical to temperate climates. In spite of its economic importance, its production has been affected by various abiotic and biotic factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of non-selective he...
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Influence of Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates and Cattle Manure on Growth, Yield and Yield Components of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativum L.) in Guder, Ethiopia
Samuel Rabuma,
Mulualem Azene,
Gudeta Nepir
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
6-20
Received:
18 February 2022
Accepted:
14 April 2022
Published:
28 April 2022
Abstract: Black cumin is a seed spice cultivated in Ethiopia for a long period of time. It is also cultivated in the Toke Kutaye district of West Shewa Zone by small-holder farmers. However, the expected benefit of this crop is not being obtained by farmers since they are using in-appropriate agronomic practices including in-appropriate fertilizer applications. A field experiment was conducted at Gudar campus, Toke Kutaye district to determine the influence of different rates of NPSB fertilizer and cattle manure on growth, yield, and yield components of black cumin. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four NPSB blended fertilizer levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) and four CM levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 t ha-1). The experiment was laid out as a Randomized Complete Block Design in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times. The results indicated that interaction of NPSB and CM highly significantly (P<0.01) influenced yield parameters except for growth and phenological parameters such as days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, primary branches, and secondary branches. However, Days to 50% emergence was not affected by the combined application of NPSB blended fertilizer and cattle manure. The tallest plants (49.20 cm), the highest number of capsules per plant (25.00), the highest numbers of seeds per capsule (99.40) and, the highest harvest index (47.42%) was obtained from the treatment that received 100 kg NPSB ha-1 and 7.5 t CM ha-1. The highest seed yield (1113.33 kg ha-1) was also obtained from the application of 100 kg NPSB ha-1 and 7.5 t CM ha-1. Similarly, the highest MRR (%) was obtained from the interaction effect of 100 kg NPSB ha-1 and 7.5 t CM ha-1 with a marginal rate of revenue (20576%) and net benefit of 86579.7 birr. Thus, the application of 100 kg NPSB ha-1 and 7.5 t CM ha-1 can be promoted for increased productivity of black cumin and economically feasible in the study area. Since the experiment was conducted at one place and one cropping season, the further trial will be needed for the final recommendation.
Abstract: Black cumin is a seed spice cultivated in Ethiopia for a long period of time. It is also cultivated in the Toke Kutaye district of West Shewa Zone by small-holder farmers. However, the expected benefit of this crop is not being obtained by farmers since they are using in-appropriate agronomic practices including in-appropriate fertilizer applicatio...
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Control of Aflatoxins in Poultry Feed by Using Yeast
Nosheen Afzal,
Syeda Mona Hassan,
Shahzad Sharif Mughal,
Alejandro Pando,
Alvina Rafiq
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
21-26
Received:
27 December 2021
Accepted:
16 May 2022
Published:
24 May 2022
Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the detoxification potential of the food industry by-products such as yeast sludge against the harmful effects of aflatoxins on broilers. The objective of this study was to compare the binding capacity of yeast sludge fractions i.e. yeast sludge cell wall (YSCW) and yeast sludge cell solubles (YSCS) against different levels of AFB1 and AFG1. Yeast sludge was sonicated into yeast sludge cell walls and yeast sludge cell soluble. A total of 300 one-day-old chicks were randomly divided into 10 treatments with three replicates per treatment and ten chicks per replicate. The 10 treatments included negative control, three positive control with different levels of AFB1 and AFG1, and three different adsorbents with different levels of combinations of AFB1 and AFG1. AFB1 and AFG1 treatments were offered with different levels of AFs (50, 100, and 150 µg/kg) without toxin binder in the feed while the remaining treatments included 0.5% YSCW and 0.5% YSCS as toxin binders at different levels of AFB1 and AFG1 in a factorial arrangement. Feed and water were provided timely with great accuracy. The Aflatoxins showed a significant effect on production, slaughtering, and serum chemistry parameters. The yeast sludge cell wall exhibited significant effects on the production and slaughtering parameters of chicks. Yeast sludge cell wall also showed a significant effect on the biochemical and mineral profile of chicks. The results confirmed that natural binders are economically effective in commercial poultry production.
Abstract: The present study aimed to determine the detoxification potential of the food industry by-products such as yeast sludge against the harmful effects of aflatoxins on broilers. The objective of this study was to compare the binding capacity of yeast sludge fractions i.e. yeast sludge cell wall (YSCW) and yeast sludge cell solubles (YSCS) against diff...
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Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2)
Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin,
Hambate Gomdje Valery,
Zang Akono Adam Ramses,
Niraka Blaise,
Djomou Paul Nestor,
Abdelilah Chtaini
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
27-35
Received:
3 May 2022
Accepted:
18 May 2022
Published:
26 May 2022
Abstract: The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)6]3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO2 was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X...
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Cotton Bed Promotes Faster Growth and Higher Biomass Production of Mat-Forming Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp.
Vijetna Singh,
Bhumi Nath Tripathi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
36-43
Received:
23 April 2022
Accepted:
9 May 2022
Published:
16 June 2022
Abstract: The high biomass is the fundamental requisite for harnessing the commercial potentials of cyanobacteria. The present study demonstrates the faster production of high biomass of Oscillatoria sp. in the open-tray culture system. Oscillatoria sp. requires a suitable surface for forming its mat; therefore, initially, we have screened cotton, rice husk, gravels, and mud as supporting beds for the quicker growth of the Oscillatoria sp. Based on the expansion rate, the development of the Oscillatoria mat was the fastest on the cotton bed. Based on the result, the Oscillatoria mat grown on the cotton bed was superior in thickness, biomass quantity, and ability to produce phycocyanin to the naturally growing Oscillatoria mat. The Oscillatoria mat on the cotton bed was approximately 57.0% thicker than the naturally growing mat of Oscillatoria sp. Similarly, the Oscillatorial mat on the cotton bed generates almost double biomass and 15.0% higher phycocyanin content than that of the naturally growing mat of Oscillatoria sp. Finally, we compared four different harvesting methods, e. g. wiping, squeezing, centrifugation and vortexing with centrifugation for their efficiency to harvest the Oscillatoria biomass generated on the cotton bed. These four methods harvested more than 85.0% of the biomass of Osciallatoria sp., with more than 96.0% harvesting efficiency wiping was recorded as the most efficient harvesting method followed by vortexing and centrifugation with approximately 94.0% harvesting efficiency. The present findings suggest using the cotton bed as a supporting surface for the quick generation of a high volume of biomass of Oscillatoria sp. in the open culture system.
Abstract: The high biomass is the fundamental requisite for harnessing the commercial potentials of cyanobacteria. The present study demonstrates the faster production of high biomass of Oscillatoria sp. in the open-tray culture system. Oscillatoria sp. requires a suitable surface for forming its mat; therefore, initially, we have screened cotton, rice husk,...
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