Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>)

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin; Hambate Gomdje Valery; Zang Akono Adam Ramses; Niraka Blaise; Djomou Paul Nestor; Abdelilah Chtaini

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO₂)

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, Abdelilah Chtaini

Published in American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 3 May 2022 Accepted: 18 May 2022 Published: 26 May 2022

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO₂). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)₆]^3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO₂ was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.

Published in	American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
Page(s)	27-35
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode, Chloroquin, Azithromycin, Hydroxychloroquin, Excipients

References

[1]	Peik-See, T., Pandikumar, A., Nay-Ming, H., Hong-Ngee, L., 2014. Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid Using an Iron Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode, Sensors Basel. 14, 15227-15243.
[2]	Niraka, B., Hambate, G. V., Raja, M., Mohamed, O., Bakary, T. D. J., Edwin, A. O., Abdelilah, C., 2022. Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Pb and Cd by Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified by Activated Clay, Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, Article ID 6900839.
[3]	Touzara, S., Najih, R., Abdelilah, C., 2016. Electrochemical Sensor Based on 2-Benzimidazolethiole Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Lead ChelationTherapy, Journal of Biomolecular Research &Therapeutics. 5, 1000137.
[4]	Xavier, B. J., Sriram, W. B., Sea-Fue., Baby, J. N., Yung-Fu, H., Mary, G., 2021. Revealing the effect of multidimensionalZnO@CNTs/RGO composite forenhanced electrochemicaldetection of ﬂufenamicacid, Microchemical Journal. 168, 106448.
[5]	Amir, S., Brian, C., Henriksen, H., Joshua, B. D., 2020. Safetysignals for QT prolongation or torsades de pointes associated with azithromycin with or without chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine. 17, 483- 486.
[6]	Pastick, K. A., Fan Wang., Sarah, L. M., Skipper, C. P., Matthew, P. F., Radha, R., 2020. Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), Infectious Diseases Society of America. 7, 32363212.
[7]	Million, M., Lagier, J. C., Gautret, P., Colson, P., Fournier, P. E., Fenollar., P. Brouqui, Didier, R., 2020. Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France. Travel medicine and infectious disease. 35, 101738.
[8]	Christian, D. A.,. Rolain, J. M., Philippe, C., Didier, R., 2020. New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 55, 105938.
[9]	Papazisis, G., Siafis, S., Cepatyte, D., Giannis, Stamoula, E., Tzachanis, D., Egberts, T., 2020. Safety profile of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: an analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. 25, 6003-6012.
[10]	Kapoor, A., Pandurangi, U., Arora, V., Gupta, A., Jaswal, A., Nabar, A., Naik, A., Naik, N., Namboodiri, N., Vora, A., 2020. Cardiovascular risks of hydroxychloroquine in treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 patients: A scientific statement from the Indian Heart Rhythm Society. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol. J. 20, 117-120.
[11]	Gautret, P., Lagier, J. C., Parola, P., Hoang, V. T., Meddeb, L., Mailhe, M., Doudier, B., Courjon, J., Giordanengo, V., Vieira, V. E., 2020. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 56, 105949.
[12]	Yao, X., Ye Ye, F., Zhang, M., Cui, C., Huang, B., Niu, B., Liu, X., Zhao, L., Dong, E., Song, C., Zhan, R., Lu, H., Tan, W., Liu, D., 2020. In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 71, 732-739.
[13]	Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., 2020. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell research. 30, 269-271.
[14]	Hambate, G. V., Abdelilah, C., Loura B., 2019. Voltammetric Sensor Based on Electrodes Modified by Poly (vinyl alcohol)-Natural Clay Film, for the Detection of Gallic Acid PortugaliaeElectrochimicaActa. 37, 327-333.
[15]	Ennachete, M., Saâdane, H., El Mastour, J., El Qouatli, S. E., Hambate, G. V., Abdelilah, C., 2019. Electrochemicalsensor based on the carbon pasteelectrode modified with polymer for determinationof copper ions, world journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical SCIENCES. 8, 97-107.
[16]	Teguia, D. R., Noumi, G. B;, Domga., 2021. Dip Coating deposition of Manganese oxide nanoparticles on graphite by sol gel technique for the indirect electrochemical oxidation of methyl orange dye: Parameter’s optmization using box-behnken design. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering. 3, 100068.
[17]	Rashed, A. E., El-monein, A. A., 2017. Two steps synthesis approach of MnO₂//graphite composite electrode for supercapacitor application. Mater Today Energy. 3, 24-31.
[18]	Yao, Y. W., Cui, L. H., Li, Y., Yu, N. C., Dong, H. S., Chen, X., Wei, F., 2015., Electrocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange on PbO₂-TiO₂ Nanocomposite Electrodes. 9, 1357-1364.
[19]	Inna, S., Jiokap, N. Y., Tsamo. C., Dinica M. R., Kamga, R., 2019. Influence of physico-chemical parameters on fuel briquettes properties formulated with mixture of biomasses, J. Env. Sci. Pollut. Res. 5, 338-341.
[20]	Tonle, K. I., Ngameni. E., Tchieno, M. F., Walcarius, A., 2015. Organoclay-modified electrodes: preparation, characterization and recent electroanalytical Applications, J Solid State Electrochem. 19, 1949-1973.
[21]	Dai-yang, L., Pengou, M., Tcheumi, L. H., Dawai, N., Wahabou, A., Ngana, N. B.,, Ngameni., 2020. Emmanuel, Physico-Chemical and Electrochemical Characterizations of a Trachyte in the Far North Region of Cameroon for Possible Electroanalytical and Environmental Purposes. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials. 31, 542-551.
[22]	Kemmegne, M. J. C., Toma, E. H., Araki, K., Vera, R. L. C., Ngameni. E., 2016. Simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and tyrosine using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a tetraruthenated cobalt (II) porphyrin intercalated into a smectite clay, Springer-Verlag Wien. 183, 3243-3253.
[23]	Rebelo, P.,. Pacheco, J. G., Cordier, M. N. D. S., Melo, A., Delerue-Matos, C., 2020. Azithromycin electrochemicaldetection using a molecular imprinted polymer prepared on a disposable screen-printed electrode This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry. 11, 216455026.
[24]	Raja, M., Abdelilah, C., 2019. Biomaterials Electrodes for Degradation of Phenol Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem, Anal. Bioanal. Electrochem. 11, 1206-1216.
[25]	Zhao, X., Liu, X., Baoyu, H., Pu, W., Yong, P., 2019. Hydroxyl group modification improves the electrocatalytic ORR and OER activity of graphene supported single and bi-metal atomic catalysts (Ni, Co, and Fe), J. Mater. Chem. 7, 24583.
[26]	Lam, K., Van Wyck, S., 2017. Geiger, W. E., One-electron oxidation of chloroquine, cymanquine, and related aminoquinolines in nonaqueous media, journal of Electroanalytical chemistry. 799, 531-537.
[27]	Vajdle, O., Guzsvány, V., Škoric, D., Csanád, J., Milos, P,. Milka, A., Zoltán, K., Petrovic, S., Andrzej, B., 2017. Voltammetric behavior and determination of the macrolide antibiotics azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin at a renewable silver–amalgam film electrode Electrochimica Acta. 229, 334-344.
[28]	Pirnay, G., Billal, D., Tourid, W., Amel, T., Fatima, B., Leila, N., Nadia, A., Walid, A. Zakya, A., Ayhan, B., Marie-Line, G. D., Aikpa, R, Fauvelle, F., 2020. Beneficial effect of the hydroxychloroquine/azithromycin combination in elderly patients with COVID-19: Results of an observational study, the hospital pharmcist and clinician. 55, 398-403.
[29]	Chivese, T., Musa, A. H. O., Al-Wattary, N., Badran, S., Soliman, N., Ahmed, T. M. A., Joshua, M. T., Emara, M. M., Thalib, L., Doi, S. A. R., 2021. Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 infection: A meta-review of systematic reviews and an updatedmeta-analysis Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease. 43, 102135. 5.
[30]	Hache, G., Rolain, J. M., Gautret, P., Deharo, J. C., Brouqui, P., Raoult, D., Honoré, S., 2021. Combination of Hydroxychloroquine Plus Azithromycin As Potential Treatment for COVID-19 Patients: Safety Profile, Drug Interactions, and Management of Toxicity. 27, 281-290.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. (2022). Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 6(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin; Hambate Gomdje Valery; Zang Akono Adam Ramses; Niraka Blaise; Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2022, 6(1), 27-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2022;6(1):27-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14,
  author = {Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin and Hambate Gomdje Valery and Zang Akono Adam Ramses and Niraka Blaise and Djomou Paul Nestor and Abdelilah Chtaini},
  title = {Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2)},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  abstract = {The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)6]3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO2 was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2)
AU  - Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin
AU  - Hambate Gomdje Valery
AU  - Zang Akono Adam Ramses
AU  - Niraka Blaise
AU  - Djomou Paul Nestor
AU  - Abdelilah Chtaini
Y1  - 2022/05/26
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 27
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
AB  - The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)6]3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO2 was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Hambate Gomdje Valery

Department of Textile and Leather Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Zang Akono Adam Ramses

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Niraka Blaise

Department of Textile and Leather Engineering, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Djomou Paul Nestor

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon
Abdelilah Chtaini

Team of Molecular Electrochemistry and Inorganic Materials, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sultan Moulay Slimane, Beni-Mellal, Morocco

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. (2022). Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 6(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin; Hambate Gomdje Valery; Zang Akono Adam Ramses; Niraka Blaise; Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Am. J. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2022, 6(1), 27-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin, Hambate Gomdje Valery, Zang Akono Adam Ramses, Niraka Blaise, Djomou Paul Nestor, et al. Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2). Am J Chem Biochem Eng. 2022;6(1):27-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14,
  author = {Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin and Hambate Gomdje Valery and Zang Akono Adam Ramses and Niraka Blaise and Djomou Paul Nestor and Abdelilah Chtaini},
  title = {Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2)},
  journal = {American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27-35},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajcbe.20220601.14},
  abstract = {The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)6]3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO2 was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Electrochemical Behavior of Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin onto Carbon-Clay Paste Electrode Doped with Titanium Oxide (TiO2)
AU  - Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin
AU  - Hambate Gomdje Valery
AU  - Zang Akono Adam Ramses
AU  - Niraka Blaise
AU  - Djomou Paul Nestor
AU  - Abdelilah Chtaini
Y1  - 2022/05/26
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
T2  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering
SP  - 27
EP  - 35
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9989
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajcbe.20220601.14
AB  - The aim of this work is to prepare and characterize a carbon-clay paste electrode doped with Titanium Oxide (CPEA/TiO2). This electrode is used to study the electrochemical behavior of drugs such as Chloroquin, Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquin. The morphological, structural and functional characteristics of this electrode were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrochemical characterization was made by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) in the potential range [-0.1V; 0.9V], in a phosphate buffer solution (0.1M; pH = 6.4); focused on the detection of an inorganic complex (ion [Fe(CN)6]3- (1mM)). The application was made focused on the detection of organic macromolecules such as azithromycin (AZI), chloroquin (CHL) and hydroxychloroquin (HYC). CPEA/TiO2 was then subjected to electroanalysis in the same concentrations of the combinations AZI+CHL and AZI+HYC. However, in the presence of analyte the phenomena are irreversible with a dominance of oxidation phenomena. The electroactivity of the drugs used initially concerns the hydroxyl groups, observed around 0.050V (oxidation potential of the hydroxyl function in an intermediate form) and 0.560V (oxidation potential of the intermediate and in the carbonyl group). Secondly, the electro activity of the tertiary amine is highlighted by the potential value of 0.690V (attributable to the oxidation of the tertiary amine into an ammonium hydroxyl derivative). Current densities are more pronounced, which suggests a new molecule with significant electro activity. The oxidation mechanism is proposed. The electroactivity of the excipients (Lactose and Starch) used in these drugs is not negligible and evolves when going from one drug to two. However, the excipients are less noticeable in the AZI+HYC combination than in AZI+CHL.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download