Research Article
Navigating Organizational Spaces: Citizenship Behavior, Culture, and Performance in Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA), Philippines
Paquito Lagrosas Jr*,
Rhea Gumasing
,
Mayo Grace Amit,
Nelson Jose Vincent Querijero
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
137-154
Received:
5 March 2026
Accepted:
16 March 2026
Published:
28 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.jppa.20261002.11
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Abstract: This study examined the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance within the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA) in the Philippines. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 189 employees through a stratified pen-and-paper survey. Standardized instruments measured organizational culture, OCB and employee performance. Results revealed that TIEZA employees perceive a strong and cohesive culture characterized by high collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. OCB was generally high, especially in conscientiousness, courtesy, and altruism, though sportsmanship scored low. Employee performance was rated very satisfactory, with high task and contextual performance but moderate adaptability. Path analysis using the Lavaan package in R confirmed that OCB significantly mediates the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance (β = 0.37, p <.01), indicating that a supportive culture fosters discretionary behaviors that enhance performance outcomes. Demographic analysis showed minimal differences except by gender and employment status, suggesting consistent cultural perceptions across groups. The findings highlight the importance of nurturing a positive and inclusive culture that values recognition, collaboration, and servant leadership to sustain OCB and long-term organizational effectiveness.
Abstract: This study examined the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance within the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA) in the Philippines. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 189 employees through a stratified pen-and...
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Research Article
Research on Structural Optimization of China’s Maritime Accident Investigation
Wu Songyu,
Du Jiaqi,
Hou Meixiang,
Wu Changyue*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
155-167
Received:
27 February 2026
Accepted:
14 March 2026
Published:
30 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.jppa.20261002.12
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Abstract: The central contradiction that maritime accident investigations aim to resolve has shifted from establishing a closed chain of evidence to authentically reconstructing the truth of accidents. At present, maritime accident investigations in China are still dominated by a value orientation of accountability attribution, lacking a genuine people?centered approach and insufficiently reconciling the interests of multiple stakeholders. The mechanized investigation procedures carried out by a single administrative authority often incomplete and one?sided factual findings, which not only impede the formulation of effective preventive measures but also fail to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned. Based on advanced international experience, investigations should be guided by the core principles of ex?ante prevention, integrity incentives, and collaborative governance. It is proposed that an independent maritime accident investigation agency, separate from the Maritime Safety Administration, be established. This agency shall conduct a comprehensive investigation into all contributing factors of maritime accidents, put forward targeted safety recommendations, supervise their implementation, and conduct credit assessments of relevant parties. Such credit assessments shall directly influence the final administrative decisions issued by the Maritime Safety Administration, so as to reshape the institutional power system of maritime accident investigations through a dual?subject structure.
Abstract: The central contradiction that maritime accident investigations aim to resolve has shifted from establishing a closed chain of evidence to authentically reconstructing the truth of accidents. At present, maritime accident investigations in China are still dominated by a value orientation of accountability attribution, lacking a genuine people?cente...
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Research Article
Ethics of Revolutionary Change: Distinguishing People’s Revolution from Conspiracy, Elite-Driven Regime Change, and the Exploitation of Popular Sovereignty
Zahurul Alam*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
168-182
Received:
1 March 2026
Accepted:
16 March 2026
Published:
30 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.jppa.20261002.13
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Abstract: Revolution has long been understood as a legitimate means of deep political and social transformation. From the French and Russian Revolutions to the anti-colonial struggles of the twentieth century, revolutionary change has historically rested on popular participation, moral purpose, and an openly declared commitment to collective emancipation. In contemporary political discourse, however, the term “revolution” is increasingly stretched, diluted, and strategically misused, often to legitimize opaque processes of regime change, elite rivalry, or externally influenced political disruption. Such conceptual slippage weakens democratic accountability and distorts historical truth. This article proposes a clear normative and empirical distinction between genuine people’s revolutions, elite-engineered regime change, and conspiratorial disruptions that present themselves as popular movements. It argues that authentic revolutions are fundamentally for the people and by the people, grounded in informed consent and articulated objectives from the outset. Transparency of purpose is not merely an ethical virtue; it is a democratic necessity that allows citizens to knowingly support, resist, or withdraw from political action. Movements that mobilize public sentiment through ambiguity, deception, or manufactured disorder, while advancing narrow or concealed interests, cannot be credibly described as revolutions. They are, instead, conspiracies against popular sovereignty. Drawing on comparative historical analysis, the article examines the French Revolution (1789), the Russian Revolution (1917), the Indian independence movement, and selected twentieth-century revolutionary transformations, with reference to patterns of mass mobilization, political legitimacy, and institutional outcomes. Particular emphasis is placed on Bangladesh’s Liberation War of 1971, examined as a paradigmatic people’s revolution shaped by more than two decades (1947-1971) of political struggle, cultural resistance, electoral mandates, and sustained mass consciousness. This historically grounded process is contrasted with contemporary claims of “instant” or spontaneous revolutions that lack comparable preparation, organizational depth, or transparent popular authorization. The article concludes that revolutions detached from historical truth, popular consent, and ethical clarity are unlikely to endure. Sustainable revolutionary change must emerge from people’s lived realities, collective memory, and an openly stated commitment to rights, justice, and sovereignty.
Abstract: Revolution has long been understood as a legitimate means of deep political and social transformation. From the French and Russian Revolutions to the anti-colonial struggles of the twentieth century, revolutionary change has historically rested on popular participation, moral purpose, and an openly declared commitment to collective emancipation. In...
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