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Solid Waste Generation Rate and Characterization Study for Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Town, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mesfin Assefa,
Muktar Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
84-93
Received:
25 October 2017
Accepted:
6 November 2017
Published:
20 December 2017
Abstract: Knowledge of the quantities and composition of the municipal solid waste is fundamental for the planning and development of waste management systems for cities. The objective of this study was to determine the composition and generation rate of household, commercial firms, government institutions and health care facilities solid waste in Laga Tafo Laga Dadi town, Oromia, Ethiopia. Representative Samples were randomly selected from all studied units for the solid waste generation rate per capita and composition determination. Formal survey using structured questionnaire was conducted to gather data on socio-economic condition and current waste management practices of the inhabitants. The per capita daily solid waste generation for household range 0.43 -0.46 kg and hotels, other business sectors and institutions were found to be 1.81, 1.57, and 0.41% kg/capita/day, respectively. The per capita daily solid waste generation in health facilities was found to be 9.61 kg/fac/day. The survey indicated that the household solid waste is composed of organic biodegradable 76% (food 62%) and ash 5% of the total weight of the sorted waste. Moreover recyclables constituents of the solid waste shared about 14.75% of the total weight. The Ropack residential village solid waste was composed of 48.66% organic (37.69% food) and bone accounts for 37.69% which equal to food waste. The recyclable and miscellaneous wastes account 13.94% and 2.76%, respectively. The organic waste of hotels accounts 67.45% (48.10% food) and the recyclables waste 2.44%. Likewise the ash was about 11%. Other business entities accounted 81.68% (68.81% food waste), recyclable shared 23.17% and the ash was 2.68% with miscellaneous 3.51%. The study also indicated that 37.72% infectious, 23.68% Sharps and 38.61% non-hazardous constituents of solid waste generated by the health care facilities in the town. From the result of this survey it can be concluded that, biodegradable solid waste constituted a lion share of the solid wastes generated in the town. Thus, the municipality can recover this waste by introducing an integrated urban agriculture that might convert this waste to organic fertilizer through composting.
Abstract: Knowledge of the quantities and composition of the municipal solid waste is fundamental for the planning and development of waste management systems for cities. The objective of this study was to determine the composition and generation rate of household, commercial firms, government institutions and health care facilities solid waste in Laga Tafo ...
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The Research on Safety Children’s Travel Route on Child-Friendly City of Netherlands
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
94-98
Received:
27 December 2017
Published:
29 December 2017
Abstract: The child-friendly urban space does not mean to build a child-dominated block or city, but means to enhance the child-friendly degree of the original block or city through planning, management and other measures. In the case, based on the original city, "child-friendly" blocks shall be established to provide children with a safe social environment, an improved road system for walking and cycling and an attractive environment that can trigger games. In the last century, the concern for the environment of the block and children's rights and needs prompted many countries to conduct a series of block environmental improvement practices. For example, the concepts of Woonerf and Kindlint in Netherlands were both established to ensure that the child can freely, safely and independently get around. They all try to make the needs of children as measurement to achieve the purpose that residential blocks can satisfy the interests of all people and friendly to all users. Based on the concept of "child-friendly city", after the analysis on related cases about the transformation of child-friendly blocks in Amsterdam, Delft and other cities, the paper makes a summary of concepts and implementation methods about planning and design of safe blocks and Kindlint. With a comparison of inadequate related planning in Chinese urban residential areas, it expects to provide useful experience for improving child friendliness of Chinese residential areas and cities.
Abstract: The child-friendly urban space does not mean to build a child-dominated block or city, but means to enhance the child-friendly degree of the original block or city through planning, management and other measures. In the case, based on the original city, "child-friendly" blocks shall be established to provide children with a safe social environment,...
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Review on the Development of New Technology of Biological Nitrogen Removal from Sewage
Xiangtian Man,
Hua Lin,
Jian Sun
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
99-103
Received:
27 December 2017
Published:
29 December 2017
Abstract: With the improvement of water treatment technology, the biological nitrogen removal of sewage has also made a great progress. Research economic and efficient denitrification technology has become the hot issues of domestic and foreign scholars. During the long-term operation of wastewater treatment, the differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics of traditional denitrification technologies make various functional microflora interact with each other in the same system, which restricts the efficiency and stability of the process. Therefore, some new treatment technologies emerge. This review introduces the new technology and its development direction of biological nitrogen removal in recent years from two aspects: New technology of the original technology improvement and combination and new technology based on the principle of development, engineering examples in the wastewater treatment industry are enumerated.
Abstract: With the improvement of water treatment technology, the biological nitrogen removal of sewage has also made a great progress. Research economic and efficient denitrification technology has become the hot issues of domestic and foreign scholars. During the long-term operation of wastewater treatment, the differences in physiological and biochemical ...
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The Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation: The Case of Gibe Woreda, Hadiya Zone, Ethiopia
Habtamu Dagne Bogale,
Samuel Shibeshi Bikiko
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
104-113
Received:
2 August 2017
Accepted:
16 August 2017
Published:
3 January 2018
Abstract: This study was focused on the role of indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation in Gibe woreda, hadiya zone, Ethiopia. The woreda organized in to 24 kebles, from these the researcher have been used six kebeles as a representative based on stratified sampling techniques through agro ecological zone. 213 farmers’ households were selected from different agro - ecology zones through simple random sampling technique and development agents were involved in the study. The objectives of this study ware examining the perception of farmers and agricultural experts towards climate change, the impacts of climate change/variability on productivity of agriculture and investigate the indigenous knowledge used by the local community responding to climate change. Primary and secondary data and questioner, interview, FGD and field observation were used. Books, unpublished materials were used as a secondary data. Southern nation nationality and people’s metrology agency bureau was another source of metrological data for this study. There is a significant relationship between farming experience and perceptions of farmers towards temperature changes and farming experience, agro-ecological zone with perceptions of farmers to wards rainfall change. 81% of the respondents reveled they faced a great climate change related problems in their life such as Shortage of pasture land, crop yield reduction, Loss of livestock, flooding and Drought. Generally, most of the farmer’s dependents on their own local knowledge for understanding and evaluating climatic change and weather variation in globally and locally because of lack of metrological information and resulted for lack of awareness to used different medias to know about the day to day weathering phenomenon. Different stakeholders should be develop appropriate strategies for reducing vulnerability of agricultural production to climate change by supporting the farmers use and developing their indigenous knowledge combining with introduced adaptation mechanisms to improve local adaptation system of climate change and variability.
Abstract: This study was focused on the role of indigenous knowledge in climate change adaptation in Gibe woreda, hadiya zone, Ethiopia. The woreda organized in to 24 kebles, from these the researcher have been used six kebeles as a representative based on stratified sampling techniques through agro ecological zone. 213 farmers’ households were selected from...
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