Samuel Terungwa Temaugee*,Hauwa Mohammed Kudu,Theresa Avusuahi Daniel,Abubakar Umar,Benedict Ubawuike Akano,Akangbe Ramoni Lasisi,Clement Majebi Dania,Yusuf Koko Arzika,Abubakar Idris Dangana,Mohammed Abdullahi,Love Igbodefe Omokhoa
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
32-42
Received:
11 May 2025
Accepted:
26 May 2025
Published:
13 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijepp.20251302.11
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Abstract: The human body is composed of three-quarters of water, emphasizing the significant influence of water quality on our health. Consequently, it is essential to assess water quality in each lithologically distinct region. This research aimed to assess the Electrical Conductivity (σ) of water from Hand-dug Wells and Boreholes in Bida. A total of 40 samples, 20 from each source, were collected from key locations within Bida town. Analysis of the samples was performed using the Jenway DDS-307 conductivity meter, a versatile digital device adaptable to temperature changes through a probe. The mean σ values for Hand-dug Wells ranged from (260.00 ± 8.02) - (1335.67 ± 40.60) µS.cm−1. Borehole mean σ values varied from (33.53±0.67) - (1485.33±7.37) µS.cm−1. Among the 40 sampled Wells, nine (9) exceeded the benchmark, while six (6) approached the benchmark of 1000 µS.cm−1 specified by the Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Consequently, in terms of σ as a drinking water standard, this study recommends that 15 sources (both Hand-dug and Boreholes) are unsuitable for drinking but may be utilized for other purposes. The study also suggests further investigation of physico-chemical parameters and radionuclide concentration of groundwater in Bida town.Abstract: The human body is composed of three-quarters of water, emphasizing the significant influence of water quality on our health. Consequently, it is essential to assess water quality in each lithologically distinct region. This research aimed to assess the Electrical Conductivity (σ) of water from Hand-dug Wells and Boreholes in Bida. A total of 40 sam...Show More
Obodo Kelechi Thank-God,Oloruntoba Omoladun Elizabeth,Adejumo Mumuni*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 2, April 2025
Pages:
43-55
Received:
15 April 2025
Accepted:
7 May 2025
Published:
16 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijepp.20251302.12
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Abstract: This study characterized macro litter and microplastics abundance in the Ogunpa River with the intimation for solid waste management and environmental policy. Types of plastics and anthropogenic activities around the sampling points were observed using an observational checklist. Water samples were collected from five sampling locations along Ogunpa River for eight weeks during the wet season while particulate fractions of plastic litter and water quality were determined using standard procedures. Water quality was compared with the limits recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation at p<0.05. Field observations revealed that indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes including plastics led to the high rate of plastic pollution in the river. A total of 3,569 macro litter and plastics were identified and categorized as: plastics (70%), metal (7%), paper/cardboard (5%), rags (4%), rubber (3%), glass/ceramics (4%), medical and agro-based waste (4%) and wood (3%). The mean microplastic was 45.0±0.8 particles/L (range = 32 to 60 particles/L) while the most common shapes found were fibers and fragments. The major polymer identified were polyethylene, polystyrene, polyester, nylon, and polypropylene. Total Suspended Solids (mg/L) and Nitrate (mg/L) values were higher than the recommended limit by NESREA and WHO. A significant positive correlation existed between microplastic concentration in water and Total Suspended Solids. Microplastics were found in high concentration along Ogunpa River and human activities along the river could serve as a source of microplastic pollution. It is essential to raise public awareness of waste disposal and implement stricter waste management policies at the local communities.
Abstract: This study characterized macro litter and microplastics abundance in the Ogunpa River with the intimation for solid waste management and environmental policy. Types of plastics and anthropogenic activities around the sampling points were observed using an observational checklist. Water samples were collected from five sampling locations along Ogunp...Show More