-
A Fault Tolerant Voter Circuit for Triple Modular Redundant System
Mohammed Hadifur Rahman,
Shahida Rafique,
Mohammad Shafiul Alam
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
156-166
Received:
18 June 2017
Accepted:
28 June 2017
Published:
5 September 2017
Abstract: Defect rate in Nanoelectronics is much higher than conventional CMOS circuits. Hardware redundancy can be a suitable solution for fault tolerance in nano level. A voter circuit is a part of a redundancy based fault tolerant system that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of one or more faults within its components. Robustness of the voter circuit defines the reliability of the fault tolerant system. This paper provides simulation results and analysis of a fault tolerant voter circuit. In a Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) system, the robustness of the voter circuit has been improved. For this purpose, redundancy at transistor level has been added. In this technique each transistor of the various building blocks (Ex-OR gate, Multiplexer) of the voter circuit is replaced by a quadded-transistor structure. Quadded transistor structure provides built in immunity to all single defects as well as a large number of multiple defects. To evaluate the effectiveness of the voter circuit an IC layout in 90nm CMOS technology is developed. FPNI layout using qNAND hypercell is also designed and analysed. By simulation procedure it has been shown that the proposed fault tolerant voter circuit works properly as a majority voter in different faulty conditions of a TMR system. Moreover, it has been shown that in the presence of internal hardware failure (failure in transistor level) the voter circuit works properly.
Abstract: Defect rate in Nanoelectronics is much higher than conventional CMOS circuits. Hardware redundancy can be a suitable solution for fault tolerance in nano level. A voter circuit is a part of a redundancy based fault tolerant system that enables a system to continue operating properly in the event of one or more faults within its components. Robustne...
Show More
-
Experimental Base for Introduction to Non-magnetically Fusion Engine Development
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
167-169
Received:
21 August 2017
Accepted:
28 August 2017
Published:
26 September 2017
Abstract: All experimental data were received in my Plasma Lab of USSR. My US Patent [1] describes the fundamentals of non-magnetic confinement of the self-set DC current Arc Plasma Torch with vortex Arc stabilization. This Patent is based on the results of my personal experimental research of this phenomenon during a process involving pulse modulation of DC current Arc Plasma. It is my attempt to realize a non-magnetic fusion device, such as a fusion engine, utilizing a Plasma gun.
Abstract: All experimental data were received in my Plasma Lab of USSR. My US Patent [1] describes the fundamentals of non-magnetic confinement of the self-set DC current Arc Plasma Torch with vortex Arc stabilization. This Patent is based on the results of my personal experimental research of this phenomenon during a process involving pulse modulation of DC...
Show More
-
Studies of Low-Frequency Power Amplifier Class D with Operational Amplifiers and Transistors
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
170-179
Received:
14 September 2017
Accepted:
25 September 2017
Published:
13 October 2017
Abstract: This paper presents studies of Low-Frequency Power Amplifier class D with operational amplifiers and transistors. Their features have been presented and а selected circuit is described. The obtained results have been presented using MultiSIM software – oscillograms in specific nodes of the circuit, amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency responces and their parameters, and results of carried out Fourier and Parameter Sweep analyzes. Simulation results could be used in carrying out the optimization of its characteristics and qualitative parameters, as well as present and expected practical results. The results of performed experimental studies of implemented low-frequency power amplifier class D are presented also.
Abstract: This paper presents studies of Low-Frequency Power Amplifier class D with operational amplifiers and transistors. Their features have been presented and а selected circuit is described. The obtained results have been presented using MultiSIM software – oscillograms in specific nodes of the circuit, amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency responces ...
Show More
-
Research on the Method of Quickly Finding the Pedestrian Area of Interest
Yu Chun-he,
Dong Cai-Fang
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
180-185
Received:
16 November 2017
Published:
20 November 2017
Abstract: In pedestrian detection based on car video, it is necessary to quickly and accurately detect pedestrians. However, in the past the method that people used is exhaustive search. The method needs to detect all the areas in the picture, which is a waste of time. Based on the purpose of reducing the area to be tested, we use the edge detection and the principle of camera imaging, and run the test in MATLAB to get the method of finding the region of interest quickly. This method can reduce the retrieval area and shorten the retrieval time. The method can meet the requirements of real-time in pedestrian detection. Compared with the exhaustive search method, the number of windows that the method requires is 1/33 of the number of windows that the exhaustive search method requires. The detection speed of this method is several times higher than that of the exhaustive search method. It can be seen that the method is effective.
Abstract: In pedestrian detection based on car video, it is necessary to quickly and accurately detect pedestrians. However, in the past the method that people used is exhaustive search. The method needs to detect all the areas in the picture, which is a waste of time. Based on the purpose of reducing the area to be tested, we use the edge detection and the ...
Show More
-
Research of FTRLS Algorithm in Acoustic Signal De-noising
Sun Yanpeng,
Zuo Chenmeng
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
186-191
Received:
16 November 2017
Published:
20 November 2017
Abstract: In the acoustic temperature measurement system, the acoustic emission signal is easily affected by the wind field, the ambient noise and so on during the propagation process. Coupled with its own reflection, diffraction and scattering properties, the sensor receive the acoustic signals that are weak, difficult to identify, and even submerged in the background noise. In order to solve the above problem, this paper combines the principle of adaptive filter, and the FTRLS adaptive filter algorithm is designed to deal with linear frequency modulation signal, and the simulation experiment was carried out by MATLAB software. The results show that the noise-disturbing chirp signal can be effectively restored to a certain extent after denoising.
Abstract: In the acoustic temperature measurement system, the acoustic emission signal is easily affected by the wind field, the ambient noise and so on during the propagation process. Coupled with its own reflection, diffraction and scattering properties, the sensor receive the acoustic signals that are weak, difficult to identify, and even submerged in the...
Show More
-
Detection of Power Quality Disturbances Using Empirical Wavelet Transform and Hilbert Transform
Chen Xiaojing,
Li Kaicheng,
Meng Qingxu,
Cai Delong,
Luo Yi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
192-197
Received:
5 December 2017
Published:
6 December 2017
Abstract: With the increasingly penetration of nonlinear loads in the power system, power quality (PQ) has become a significant issue for the power utilities and end users. In order to improve the PQ, the PQ detection is essential. In this paper, a new method for detecting the PQ disturbances via empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and Hilbert (HT) is proposed. Firstly, EWT is applied to the signal for obtaining different modes. Then the instantaneous amplitude and frequency of each mode are calculated by using the HT. By applying it to two stationary signals and two non-stationary signals, the efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated. With no frequency aliasing like the S transform (ST), the proposed method presents more accurate results than the ST.
Abstract: With the increasingly penetration of nonlinear loads in the power system, power quality (PQ) has become a significant issue for the power utilities and end users. In order to improve the PQ, the PQ detection is essential. In this paper, a new method for detecting the PQ disturbances via empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and Hilbert (HT) is proposed...
Show More
-
Analysis of Current Density in Soil for Resistivity Measurements and Electrical Grounding Designs
Jie Liu,
Farid Paul Dawalibi,
Sharon Tee
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
198-208
Received:
5 December 2017
Published:
6 December 2017
Abstract: The design of electrical grounding systems is crucial to ensure people's safety and equipment integrity. The performance of the grounding system is critically dependent on the characteristics of the local soil surrounding the grounding system. Some wrong concepts and assumptions on soil electrical properties are still prevalent among professionals regarding soil resistivity measurements and grounding designs. The objective of this paper is to examine the current density in the earth surrounding measurement electrodes and electrical grounding systems and discuss the effects of soil structures on measurements and grounding related studies. The analyses described here are based on electromagnetic field theory. First, this paper examines soil resistivity measurements using the Wenner method in three typical, but different soil structure models, by exploring the distribution of earth current density in the soil surrounding the current injection electrodes. The computed results are illustrated using appropriate plots to understand better the influence of soil structure and characteristics on the current penetration across the soil layers. Furthermore, a detailed study on the influence of nearby buried grounding systems on soil resistivity measurements was also carried out. Finally, the performance of grounding systems in the three soil structure models has been studied in order to gain an intuitive understanding of the effects of soil structures on grounding. The results clarify and invalidate some misleading arguments used by a few practicians. All computed results are summarized in appropriate tables and figures which should provide helpful visual clues and useful information when planning soil resistivity measurements and designing electrical grounding systems.
Abstract: The design of electrical grounding systems is crucial to ensure people's safety and equipment integrity. The performance of the grounding system is critically dependent on the characteristics of the local soil surrounding the grounding system. Some wrong concepts and assumptions on soil electrical properties are still prevalent among professionals ...
Show More
