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Research Article
Obstacles of Development Agents for Gender Equality in Agricultural Extension Services in Finfinnee Surrounding Special Zone and East Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
182-187
Received:
Oct. 14, 2023
Accepted:
Oct. 28, 2023
Published:
Nov. 09, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20231106.11
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Abstract: Agriculture comprises of a number of farming activities, where both men and women are involved in multiple diverse nature of field operations. In spite of their high contribution in farm and non-farm activities, there exist gender disparities with reference to agricultural extension, advisory services. The present study was designed to identify the barriers limiting the active participation of both genders (men and women) in agricultural operations and address gender disparities in agricultural extension. The study was conducted in five districts in East Shewa and Finfinnee surrounding special zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Personal interviews were conducted from male and female development agents, resulting a total sample size of 60 (49 male and 11 female). A structured questionnaire was prepared as the research instrument for data collection.. The collected data were coded on SPSS for analysis and interpretation. Results showed that around 87% of male farmers participated at a high rate, whereas the majority (78.3%) of female farmers participated at a medium rate. Female heads of households were more involved in agriculture and livestock production compared to their wives. Notably, women displayed greater engagement in animal production practices compared to crop production. In spite of their participation in crops and livestock activities, male heads of households had superior access to agricultural extension, advisory services, information, and credit facilities compared to female farmers. This is due lack of proper transport facilities for female extension personnel, non-availability of female extension personnel, lack of recognition and appreciation of rural female’s work, lack of provision of agricultural credit facilities for women and lack of decision making authority among female workers. The results of the t-test statistics showed that there is highly significant difference in opinion of male and female respondents regarding barriers to gender equality in agricultural extension in Ethiopia. In the light of findings of present research, authors suggest policy guidelines related to enhancement educational as well as skill level of rural women as well as development agents in the community through education and training to narrow the gender gap/inequality in agricultural extension.
Abstract: Agriculture comprises of a number of farming activities, where both men and women are involved in multiple diverse nature of field operations. In spite of their high contribution in farm and non-farm activities, there exist gender disparities with reference to agricultural extension, advisory services. The present study was designed to identify the...
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Research Article
Meaning in Life as Predicted by Basic Psychological Needs: A Study with Chinese Undergraduate Students
Saab Marwa,
Gai Xiaosong*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
188-195
Received:
Sep. 21, 2023
Accepted:
Nov. 07, 2023
Published:
Nov. 13, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20231106.12
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Abstract: Background: Meaning in life is an essential construct in individuals’ lives, related to individuals' overall well-being. Several factors can lead to meaning in life, among them is the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. According to the Self-Determination Theory, the tendency towards achieving meaning in life is innate in individuals’ motivational tendency to understand their surroundings and be a part of it. Moreover, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs is essential for a healthy well-being, and thus can contribute to meaning in life. Research purpose: The research purpose was to measure the relationship between basic psychological needs and meaning in life levels (general, situational, daily) and dimensions (purpose, significance, coherence) among Chinese undergraduate students. Methods: Basic psychological needs as categorized by the Self-Determination Theory are autonomy, competence, relatedness, and beneficence were measured in this research. Meaning in life levels, general, situational, and daily, and dimensions, significance, purpose, and coherence were measured in this research. Three sub-studies were conducted with three different samples of Chinese undergraduate students. Age ranged between 17 and 26 years old, with a majority of females participants across the three sub-studies. Sub-study one included 173 participants and was a correlational study. It measured general basic psychological needs and meaning in life. Sub-study two included 367 participants and was also a correlational study. It measured situational basic psychological needs and meaning in life, as well, as meaning in life dimensions, significance, purpose, and coherence. Sub-study three included 61 participants and was a longitudinal study. It measured daily basic psychological needs and meaning in life across seven days. Results: The research found a relationship between basic psychological needs and meaning in life at the general, situational, daily levels and meaning in life dimensions. Autonomy predicted meaning in life dimensions (significance, purpose, coherence), competence predicted daily and coherence dimension of meaning in life. Additionally, relatedness predicted significance and coherence dimensions of meaning in life, and beneficence predicted daily and purpose dimension of meaning in life. Conclusions: The research found a relationship between basic psychological needs and meaning in life. The research also confirmed the universality of basic psychological needs. There was a difference in basic psychological needs prediction role across meaning in life levels and dimensions. The research presented similar and different results from previous research, which the door to further research on the role of mediators in the BPN – MIL relationship.
Abstract: Background: Meaning in life is an essential construct in individuals’ lives, related to individuals' overall well-being. Several factors can lead to meaning in life, among them is the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. According to the Self-Determination Theory, the tendency towards achieving meaning in life is innate in individuals’ motiva...
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Research Article
Changing Marriage Customs Among Brahmins: A Sociological Viewpoint
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
196-202
Received:
Jul. 31, 2023
Accepted:
Aug. 18, 2023
Published:
Nov. 17, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20231106.13
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Abstract: This research examines the evolving marriage customs within the Brahmin communities situated in Birendranagar Municipality 8, Khajura Tol, Surkhet, Nepal. The main objective of this research is to find out the changing marriage custom among the Brahmin people in the present context and analyze the transformative shifts occurring in marriage traditions, addressing key research inquiries pertaining to changing practices, societal ramifications, levels of satisfaction, and disparities across different generations. To achieve this, a methodologically comprehensive approach is employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative research methods in this study. The research design encompasses a field survey, enabling the collection of primary data, supplemented by an analysis of secondary data to ensure a thorough investigation. The participant selection process executed through the application of purposive sampling, ensuring representation that aligns with the study's objectives. The findings bring to light notable trends, including a discernible trend towards heightened liberalization, a decline in the practice of dowry, the emergence of novel marriage forms, and a palpable inclination to eliminate the conventional ritual of kanyadaan in pursuit of gender equality. 20 respondents have been chosen in this study. Among them 14 respondents are selected female and 6 respondents are selected male. The synthesis of quantitative data and qualitative insights provides a nuanced understanding of the intricate dynamics underlying these shifts in marriage patterns in study areas. As a contribution to the academic discourse, this study not only furthers our understanding of changing marriage customs but also offers valuable insights into their broader societal implications, thereby enriching the existing body of knowledge in this field.
Abstract: This research examines the evolving marriage customs within the Brahmin communities situated in Birendranagar Municipality 8, Khajura Tol, Surkhet, Nepal. The main objective of this research is to find out the changing marriage custom among the Brahmin people in the present context and analyze the transformative shifts occurring in marriage traditi...
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Research Article
Utilizing WeChat to Shape Youth Perspectives: A Content Analysis of University Communication Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Yuhan Wang*,
Jing Zhang,
Lei Wang
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
203-215
Received:
Oct. 22, 2023
Accepted:
Nov. 13, 2023
Published:
Nov. 24, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20231106.14
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Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media, particularly WeChat Official Accounts, served as important platforms for Chinese universities to share health information, offer insights, and encourage collective actions. This study, grounded in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), utilized content analysis and regression analysis to examine 996 tweets published on WeChat from major universities. It focused on ideological and political communication, aiming to understand the influence of various factors on university students’ media engagement, which was quantified by metrics like “numbers of times read” (NTR) and “wow” of tweets posted on the WeChat Official Accounts. The findings revealed notable differences in media engagement correlating with the content themes of the tweets. Specific factors, such as content originality and vividness, were observed to significantly influence “wow”, primarily through the ELM’s central pathway. Conversely, the length and tone of tweets’ titles appeared to impact NTR through the peripheral pathway. Additionally, the timing of tweet publication was found to have a significant effect on overall engagement. The findings showed that for enhanced engagement, universities could benefit from focusing on consistent content theme and emotional appeal. Consequently, emphasizing content originality, adopting innovative presentation methods, and fostering a community-centric approach to information dissemination could potentially create a more effective and resonant communication environment which could lead the thoughts of youth.
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media, particularly WeChat Official Accounts, served as important platforms for Chinese universities to share health information, offer insights, and encourage collective actions. This study, grounded in the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM), utilized content analysis and regression analysis to examine 996 twee...
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Research Article
Embracing the Everyday Through Ordinary Sacred Traditions
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
216-222
Received:
Nov. 02, 2023
Accepted:
Nov. 20, 2023
Published:
Nov. 29, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20231106.15
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Abstract: The problem this article addresses is that we neglect the ordinary and everyday aspects of our daily lives. This neglect is vital to note because the everyday is where meaning emerges in our lives. Unfortunately, we forget that the everyday is all around us. Connections between everydayness and sacred traditions also exist. That is, in Buddhist mindfulness, there is an awareness that lets us better understand ourselves and others in our daily lives. In the Jewish tradition, the Sabbath is closely connected to our everyday activities. In Christian contemplation, an awareness of ourselves and God arises in everyday living. This research aims to consider whether we can embrace the ordinary and everyday aspects of our daily lives. The fundamental objective of this research is to investigate the significance of everydayness in our daily lives, consider how we neglect the ordinary and the everyday, and explore ways to embrace the everydayness in our lives. This research hopes to show that we can better connect to the everyday through our ordinary yet sacred traditions — specifically, the Buddhist, Jewish, and Christian traditions. By being more aware of this connection, and from practicing this connection, we may find more enjoyment and meaning in our ordinary and daily living.
Abstract: The problem this article addresses is that we neglect the ordinary and everyday aspects of our daily lives. This neglect is vital to note because the everyday is where meaning emerges in our lives. Unfortunately, we forget that the everyday is all around us. Connections between everydayness and sacred traditions also exist. That is, in Buddhist min...
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Research Article
The Aesthetic Analysis of Music Generation Algorithms Based on Artificial Intelligence Technologies
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
223-230
Received:
Nov. 06, 2023
Accepted:
Nov. 29, 2023
Published:
Nov. 29, 2023
DOI:
10.11648/j.hss.20231106.16
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Abstract: With the maturation of artificial intelligence technology, the swift advancements in music generation have spurred an in-depth exploration and comprehension of music aesthetics. This paper conducts a thorough analysis of the aesthetic framework, value, and significance inherent in artificial intelligence-based music generation algorithms. The technical architecture of these algorithms encompasses principles such as neural networks and genetic algorithms, they exhibit profound aesthetic potential, challenging existing perspectives and fundamentally reshaping the values embedded in music aesthetics. The aesthetic value of music generation algorithms resides in their capacity to produce music characterized by both beauty and novelty, this innovation manifests as a diversity suitable for various cultural contexts and stylistic preferences, thereby significantly enriching the landscape of music aesthetics. Moreover, this paper offers a forward-looking perspective on the intersection of artificial intelligence and music research. It foresees music generation algorithms taking the lead in the ongoing evolution of artificial intelligence technology, propelling innovations in composition and appreciation. These algorithms are poised to serve as a source of inspiration for creators, contributing significantly to education, cultural heritage, and redefining the very essence of music creation. This paper seeks to serve as a guiding resource for researchers in this field, fostering a deeper understanding of the profound impact that artificial intelligence-based music generation algorithms wield on the realm of music composition.
Abstract: With the maturation of artificial intelligence technology, the swift advancements in music generation have spurred an in-depth exploration and comprehension of music aesthetics. This paper conducts a thorough analysis of the aesthetic framework, value, and significance inherent in artificial intelligence-based music generation algorithms. The techn...
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