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Determining the Factor Affecting Property Value Increments: The Cause Study of Dire-Dawa City, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-10
Received:
30 November 2021
Accepted:
5 January 2022
Published:
12 January 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jwer.20221101.11
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Abstract: In the next 25 years, cities in the developing world will grow by almost 2 billion people, accounting for some 90 percent of world population growth. This growth will create a huge demand for infrastructure. Infrastructure investment will be required to make cities efficient locations for economic production, to provide basic services for a larger population, and to upgrade public services in line with household incomes. At the same time, population and economic growth will drive increases in urban land and property values. The ability of cities to finance the needed infrastructure will depend in large part on their ability to capture a portion of these gains and to channel them into infrastructure finance. This shows the various ways in which land values can be used to help pay for investment in infrastructure, in addition to their role as part of the property tax base as well as Land has a long history as an instrument of urban infrastructure finance. The main aim of this research article focuses on the possibility to implement land value capture to finance to expand infrastructure in the city. This research article tries to investigate how the factors affecting property/ land value increment and land value capturing mechanisms are implemented when a government provides different infrastructures expansion to community and the property value increment around that infrastructure corridor in Dire Dawa city. However, further investigation should be started nation-wide to discover the problems throughout the country. The study applied both qualitative and quantitative approaches where primary and secondary data sources were used. The data analyzed using Microsoft excels, Strata software and regression analysis (SPSS). The regression analysis shows that, the identified independent variables that affect the property value at 89.5%. The finding of this study showed that there was a higher need for sustainable fund sources to respond to an increase in road infrastructure expansion demand in the future. However, there is a big gap between the actual practice of land value capturing, valuation methods, practice, the laws and proclamation. Lack of application of consistent land value capturing mechanisms and procedures created situations of a shortage finance to provide infrastructures service to the whole community in the city and to obtain the sustainable funding sources. Therefore, applying land value capturing is legitimate to solve the shortage of finance for future expansion of different public infrastructure expansion in Dire Dawa City.
Abstract: In the next 25 years, cities in the developing world will grow by almost 2 billion people, accounting for some 90 percent of world population growth. This growth will create a huge demand for infrastructure. Infrastructure investment will be required to make cities efficient locations for economic production, to provide basic services for a larger ...
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The Effect of Political Institution and Human Capital on Economic Growth of Sub Saharan African Countries
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
11-18
Received:
24 November 2021
Accepted:
25 January 2022
Published:
9 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jwer.20221101.12
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Abstract: Economic Growth rate in Sub Saharan Africa has been unimpressive as compared to other developing regions like East Asian. This unstable economic growth exists in Africa compel from deprived political institution and unskilled human capital. To conduct this study panel data from 2005-2017 with Arellano-Bond dynamic panel data two step estimation technique has been used. The study attempted to answer the research questions such as examining the effect of political institution indicators and human capital indicators on economic growth of Sub- Saharan African countries. Results convey that the variables like foreign direct investment, gross fixed capital formation, GDP and per capital, secondary school attainment, political stability &absence of violence and voice & accountability are statistically significant and positively affiliated with GDP growth rate in Sub-Saharan African countries. The result concludes that, human capital and good governance have a positive effect on economic growth. Given the results, governments of Sub-Saharan African countries ought to be;-formulate sound institutions that enable to increase the extent of stability via dispelling violence, anarchy, and related problems which abolished human’s life; should promote degree of respecting the right of a country' citizens to participate in voice of their government, freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media, and finally formulating strategies that enable to increase the education level of peoples.
Abstract: Economic Growth rate in Sub Saharan Africa has been unimpressive as compared to other developing regions like East Asian. This unstable economic growth exists in Africa compel from deprived political institution and unskilled human capital. To conduct this study panel data from 2005-2017 with Arellano-Bond dynamic panel data two step estimation tec...
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Post Clearance Audit Implementation in Ethiopia Revenue and Customs Authority: Evidence from Addis Ababa Airport Customs Branch Office
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
19-26
Received:
2 January 2022
Accepted:
21 January 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jwer.20221101.13
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Abstract: Customs administrations especially those in developing countries increasingly look to post clearance audit as a means of implementing customs controls and allocating limited resources more effectively. This study therefore, sought to assess post clearance audit implementation of Ethiopia Customs and Revenue Authority (ERCA) with special focus at Addis Ababa Airport customs branch office. In particular, the study assesses extent of PCA (Post Clearance Audit) officers in adhering the outlined audit process and level of application of risk management techniques in PCA. To attain these objectives both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used and data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and observation from PCA staffs and customs clearing agents. Secondary data were collected from performance reports and records of PCA department of the branch office. The result of the study revealed that, the PCA unit does not properly follow the outlined audit process and there is weak application of risk management techniques in PCA. To fill the gap and maintain the desired audit quality, the study recommends that, the PCA staff is required to properly follow the outlined audit process and apply effective risk management techniques.
Abstract: Customs administrations especially those in developing countries increasingly look to post clearance audit as a means of implementing customs controls and allocating limited resources more effectively. This study therefore, sought to assess post clearance audit implementation of Ethiopia Customs and Revenue Authority (ERCA) with special focus at Ad...
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Gold Demand Determinants and Reserve Building Capacity of the Nigerian Economy: Inputs from a Panel Analysis of Selected Countries
Paul Atanda Orebiyi,
Mmeyene-Abasi Essien Archibong
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
27-44
Received:
19 July 2021
Accepted:
2 August 2021
Published:
19 February 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jwer.20221101.14
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Abstract: Over the years, gold has showed some promises in performing the role of value preservation for the holders and as a result helping countries in stabilizing their reserves. For this reason, several countries still maintain part of their reserves in gold, even though gold was officially de-pegged from countries’ currencies after the collapse of the Bretton woods system. In this study, we employed panel data regression model to examine the determinants of demand for gold by countries. The result showed a positive relationship between the demand for gold and the price of gold, exchange rate, foreign direct investment, and private credit to GDP. It revealed that trade openness and inflation rate had a negative relationship with the demand for gold. Also, it was revealed that the price of gold had a positive relationship with Nigeria’s total reserves both in the short run and in the long run. On the other hand, while exchange rate had a positive relationship with Nigeria’s total reserves in the short run it exerts a negative relationship in the long run. Also trade openness and GDP growth rate had a negative relationship with Nigeria’s total reserves both in the short-run and in the long run. But inflation rate had a negative relationship with Nigeria’s total reserves in the long run. Based on these findings, the study recommends that Nigerian government should adopt a pro-active measure in strengthening and enhancing the total reserve base of the economy by including gold as a safe and hedging asset in the reserve portfolio, thereby enhancing the performance and resilience of our total reserves in the face of economic and financial downturns.
Abstract: Over the years, gold has showed some promises in performing the role of value preservation for the holders and as a result helping countries in stabilizing their reserves. For this reason, several countries still maintain part of their reserves in gold, even though gold was officially de-pegged from countries’ currencies after the collapse of the B...
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Husbandry Practice, Challenges and Prospect of Small Ruminant Production Performance in Dodota Woreda of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Abera Geleta Sime,
Belete Shenkute Gemeda,
Shimelis Regassa Degefa,
Deneke Negessa Sima
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
45-54
Received:
25 March 2022
Accepted:
21 April 2022
Published:
28 April 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jwer.20221101.15
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Abstract: Ethiopia has a sheep population of 42.9 million heads and a goat population of 52.5 million heads. Despite their vast numbers, small ruminant production is underdeveloped due to obstacles such as a lack of water, a high prevalence of illnesses and parasites, a lack of genetic development, and a lack of market access and information. The objective of this study was to identify constraints and opportunities, as well as potential interferences with small ruminant production performance. The study area included Direkiltu and Amigna Debeso from a Goat Dominated site, Dodota Alem and Tedacha Guracha from a Sheep Dominated site, and Dilfaker from a Mixed Flock site. 36 households (a total of 180 households) were chosen at random from each kebeles to participate in the diagnostic survey. Using the SPSS statistical package, the collected data was organized, summarized, and analyzed (SPSS, 2017 Version 25.0). The findings are based on a survey of 180 households and focus group discussions. The main reasons for raising small ruminants in Dodota Woreda were for revenue, savings/assurance, meat, and social and cultural activities. The most prevalent feed sources were natural grassland, crop residue, indigenous browsing, crop aftermath, and house leftovers. Because most of the cultivated fields are covered with food crops, especially during the rainy season, most farmers (98.9%) used free grazing in the dry season, while 50 percent used tethering grazing systems in the wet season to prevent animals from harming crops. Throughout the year, all small ruminants were confined at night to protect them from rain, predators, and theft. With an index of 0.330, 0.203, 0.142, and 0.114, respectively, the key issues for small ruminant production in the area were feed and grazing land shortages, water shortages, drought, and disease. Documentation of different feed resources and strategic feeding management, water development, credentials of diseases and their control approaches through appropriate policy and information delivery are areas of essential involvements in order to assist farmers in building their flock and developing productivity.
Abstract: Ethiopia has a sheep population of 42.9 million heads and a goat population of 52.5 million heads. Despite their vast numbers, small ruminant production is underdeveloped due to obstacles such as a lack of water, a high prevalence of illnesses and parasites, a lack of genetic development, and a lack of market access and information. The objective o...
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The Main Challenges of Eu Financial Market Transformation in the Digital Age
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
55-63
Received:
7 April 2022
Accepted:
9 May 2022
Published:
19 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.jwer.20221101.16
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Abstract: The main challenges of financial market development in terms of digitization are considered. Digitization has a significant impact on the development of financial markets. In today's digital age, the financial sector faces many challenges that need to be addressed by international financial institutions. The current state of the EU financial market requires finding new solutions needed to develop in the digital age. Risks in the financial market tend to increase, especially in the context of the digitization of the economy. The persistent risks of variations in economic growth are exacerbated by the need to improve the balance of payments of euro area countries with high debt and the banking sector, driven by its low profitability. The features of development and regulation of the European financial market have been analysed. The main challenges that need to be addressed in today's context of digitization and the risks involved in developing financial markets are increasing cybercrime in the financial sector; compliance with financial market regulations; use of BigData in the financial market; use of artificial intelligence in the financial market; use of Fintech in the financial services market; customer retention in the consumption of financial services; retention of providers as producers of financial services; blockchain integration in the financial market; experience and expectations of clients in the financial market; crossing the digital divide in the marketing of financial services; and impact on the financial market of global climate change. Proposals have been developed to mitigate the effects of financial risks in the information age. Anticipating and considering the potential challenges of financial market development and understanding its changing trends in regulatory policy development makes it possible to ensure sustainable development.
Abstract: The main challenges of financial market development in terms of digitization are considered. Digitization has a significant impact on the development of financial markets. In today's digital age, the financial sector faces many challenges that need to be addressed by international financial institutions. The current state of the EU financial market...
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