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Analysis of Dry Maize Grain Market Integration in Kipkelion East and West Sub Counties, Kericho County, Kenya
Sang Isaac Kipchirchir,
Ng’eno Elijah Kiplangat,
Kibett Joash Keino
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
73-80
Received:
29 August 2019
Accepted:
22 September 2019
Published:
17 June 2020
Abstract: This study analyzed market integration of dry maize grain in Kipkelion East and Kipkelion West Sub-Counties in Kericho County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to determine the correlation of prices between the terminal and source markets of dry maize grain. Purposive and stratified random sampling procedures were used to collect data from a sample of 156 maize traders. The survey data analysed using regression and Pearson's product-moment correlation models. Results shows that 53.8% of the dry maize grain traders were males and 46.2% were females with 46.2% dry maize grain traders having attained secondary school level of education. Regression and correlation results shows that a unit increase in the dry maize grain source market prices would result in a 98.2% increase in the terminal maize market prices. Pearson's Product-Moment correlation results showed that there was positive relationship between the terminal and the source market prices with 68% of variation in terminal market prices being explained by all the source market prices. High prices in the source markets would lead to higher prices as well in the terminal markets. In order to achieve market integration, improve market information flow and promote competitiveness between the source and terminal markets in the county and in the country, this study recommends the enactment of relevant policies by the government agencies, both in the county and in the national government. There is also need to improve market information flow in the county; particularly the use of information and communication technology in order to ensure timely and faster flow of information across the dry maize grains markets. If traders, producers and consumers are given timely market information, it will reduce cases of price shocks and promote market integration.
Abstract: This study analyzed market integration of dry maize grain in Kipkelion East and Kipkelion West Sub-Counties in Kericho County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to determine the correlation of prices between the terminal and source markets of dry maize grain. Purposive and stratified random sampling procedures were used to collect data from a s...
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Trade Openness and Crude Oil Price Effects on Food Inflation: Examining the Romer Hypothesis in Kenya
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
81-90
Received:
22 May 2020
Accepted:
8 June 2020
Published:
29 June 2020
Abstract: Food Prices accounts for about 36% of the overall consumer price index in Kenya and it’s the single largest of the 12 components that make up the index. Therefore, shocks in food prices could considerably be transmitted to the overall consumer price index. While Kenya agricultural production is heavily rain-fed, external pressures from and shocks from crude oil price, international trade are transmitted inwards and pile more pressure on food prices as well. While inflation tend to follow all the available information in the market and business per the rational expectations’ theory, price factors are a key determinant of business cycles, because price stickiness tend to drive demand. Therefore, demand for food products could be driven by several market features including internal food prices, oil prices, productions and importation costs. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of Trade openness on food inflation in Kenya with a view of establishing if Romer’s hypothesis holds in Kenya. The second objective is to establish the effect of crude oil prices on food inflation in Kenya. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegrating technique to estimate both short-run and long run estimates. The study findings indicate that trade openness significantly has a reducing influence on food inflation hence confirming the existence of Romer’s hypothesis in Kenya. Secondly, crude oil prices have a positive and significant effect on food inflation. Interestingly, the study found that money supply does not have significant influence on food inflation. The study recommends embracing and adopting international free trade agreements to further leverage on imports prices, increase buffer storage to cushion against food demand and hence stabilize food prices. Secondly the government should enhance further price controls on oil prices to reduce spillovers to food production and supply costs. In addition, Kenya should develop technologies to improve agricultural farm production to leverage dependence of rain-fed agricultural sector.
Abstract: Food Prices accounts for about 36% of the overall consumer price index in Kenya and it’s the single largest of the 12 components that make up the index. Therefore, shocks in food prices could considerably be transmitted to the overall consumer price index. While Kenya agricultural production is heavily rain-fed, external pressures from and shocks f...
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Reasons for Some Countries Having More COVID-19 Cases Than Others: Evidence from 70 Most Affected Countries sans China
Mohammad Mokammel Karim Toufique
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
91-98
Received:
30 July 2020
Accepted:
2 September 2020
Published:
17 September 2020
Abstract: A look into the country-level data on the number of COVID-19 positive cases reveals considerable cross-country variations in the number of officially confirmed COVID-19 positive cases. Consequently, there exists a research gap in the relevant field of research. This paper attempts to explain the variations in the number of officially confirmed COVID-19 positive cases across countries around the world and thus fills in the research gap. The study develops a unique dataset of 70 of the most COVID-19 affected countries and employs multiple regression techniques. The findings indicate that regional characteristics play an essential role. Percent of people living in the urban area, number of tests, air passenger transport (an indicator of population mobility) also come out as determinants with substantial influence. Besides, the impacts of trade relationships with China (a proxy for the degree of interaction with the country) and per capita health expenditure appears to be noteworthy. Differences in temperature are found to have no appreciable impact. Also, factors such as the relative importance of health in national policy, the quality of life, and the quality of governance fail to register any vital influence. The study does not find any evidence of endogeneity of the total number of tests conducted.
Abstract: A look into the country-level data on the number of COVID-19 positive cases reveals considerable cross-country variations in the number of officially confirmed COVID-19 positive cases. Consequently, there exists a research gap in the relevant field of research. This paper attempts to explain the variations in the number of officially confirmed COVI...
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Determinants of Market Outlet Choices of Tef
Addisu Getahun,
Degye Goshu,
Adam Bekele
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
99-109
Received:
6 October 2020
Accepted:
22 October 2020
Published:
4 November 2020
Abstract: In Ethiopia, specifically in Dendi district tef is cash crop for majority of the smallholder farmers. and the supply of tef in the study area still can’t satisfy the existing market demand and the farmers are not benefited from the market price. This study was aimed at analyzing the factors affecting market outlet choices of tef producers in Dendi district. The study largely uses primary data that were collected through structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Both descriptive statistics and econometric models were used. Multivariate probit model was used to identify the determinants market outlet choices. From descriptive statistics result six tef marketing channels are identified in the district. The multivariate probit model result indicated that educational level of household head, household size, livestock owned, equines owned, land area under tef, distance to the nearest market and current market prices of tef significantly influenced tef producers’ choice of alternative market outlets. The probability of choosing wholesalers, consumers, collectors and cooperatives outlets are 64.4%, 41.6%, 39.1% and 51.1%, respectively. Wholesalers is the most likely chosen market outlet while collectors are the less likely chosen market outlet. The joint probabilities of the households to jointly choose the four market outlets was 4.1% which is lower than the likely of not choosing all market outlets which is 5.2%. Therefore, strategies aiming at promoting tef producers’ marketing and outlet choices should focus on strengthening the technical skills, resource base, infrastructural and institutional capacity of smallholder farmers.
Abstract: In Ethiopia, specifically in Dendi district tef is cash crop for majority of the smallholder farmers. and the supply of tef in the study area still can’t satisfy the existing market demand and the farmers are not benefited from the market price. This study was aimed at analyzing the factors affecting market outlet choices of tef producers in Dendi ...
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Digital Transactions in Real Estate Marketing
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
110-114
Received:
14 September 2020
Accepted:
22 October 2020
Published:
4 November 2020
Abstract: Identity theft and tax fraud have been leading white-collar crimes for over a decade. Emerging trends have seen the rise in white-collar crime to now include deed theft. This type of theft marries identity theft and mortgage fraud, and it is robbing the hopes of many people who aspire to own a home. This whitepaper identifies how deed theft takes place through targeting homes with deceased owners, house flipping fraud and fake forensic auditors. It explores this evolved white-collar crime and its dangerous effects, while also revealing the best ways to mitigate the risk of deed theft. Furthermore, this paper provides the background of the crime and how the crime correlates with identify theft. Gaining control of this issue is challenging due to the existing infrastructure that was introduced in 1920. This leaves few country clerks with any response to the issue surrounding identity theft and mortgage fraud. To mitigate this challenge, devices have been developed to track the behaviour of people to ensure that their residences are not ‘stolen’. Although these solutions are available, few individuals learn about deed theft so that the solutions can be used to protect themselves against it. This whitepaper presents DeedLock as the most effective solution to address the looming challenge of property theft.
Abstract: Identity theft and tax fraud have been leading white-collar crimes for over a decade. Emerging trends have seen the rise in white-collar crime to now include deed theft. This type of theft marries identity theft and mortgage fraud, and it is robbing the hopes of many people who aspire to own a home. This whitepaper identifies how deed theft takes p...
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Assessment of Government Expenditure Management Practices: The Case of Oromia Police College, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mesfin Zewde,
Tadewos Mentta
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
115-125
Received:
3 October 2020
Accepted:
28 October 2020
Published:
11 November 2020
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess government expenditure management practice at Oromia Police College Procurement Finance and Property Management. Descriptive research method was employed to assess and describe assessment of government expenditure management practice in broad’s importance. Primary data were collected by means of survey questionnaires from Oromia Police College (employees) police officers. Interviews were also conducted with police top management and Oromia Police employers Procurement Finance and Property Management. Focus group was discussion conducted with Oromia Police College Procurement Finance and Property Management employee and who were presently police costumes. In some developing countries a weak expenditure management process that have room for a magnified request, the spending is likely to be for less priority. In these circumstances, the best reaction would be to improve expenditure budget preparation. Since expenditure management is easy at budget preparation than later during the execution of the budget or this nonfiction discussed government expenditure management and practices in Oromia Police College. The problems and controversial issue related to government expenditure management and practices are reflected in the budget preparation, approval, execution, and audit phase of expenditure management practices. Therefore, the result of this study showed that there is a problem of linking the work plan with expenditure budget preparation. It is also revealed that purchasing of goods and services is not based on the annual action plan by organization. In other word, this indicated that there is a problem of budget preparation and execution. On the other hand, In relation to budget approval, the result of this study showed that Oromia Police College has effective systems of check and balance on government expenditure. The assessment was also undertaken to check auditor’s satisfaction in relation to the support they get to conduct their task. The assessment result indicated that auditors have a problem of motivation with the financial and material support to carry out audit work to achieve their objectives. Thus, the study suggested that the program budgeting system introduced by the Oromia Regional Bureau of Finance and Economic Cooperation and Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation needs to be strongly considered to link the expenditure with the plan and implementation strategies.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess government expenditure management practice at Oromia Police College Procurement Finance and Property Management. Descriptive research method was employed to assess and describe assessment of government expenditure management practice in broad’s importance. Primary data were collected by means of survey questi...
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Macro-economic Determinants of Recent Inflation in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
126-132
Received:
9 October 2020
Accepted:
23 October 2020
Published:
19 November 2020
Abstract: Expansion is one of the major macro-economic issues which determine the better functioning of the economy. Additionally, it leads a multi-dimensional effect on the overall social, economic, financial, mechanical and political affairs of the country. To come with this problem, the study focuses on the identification and assessment of variables which determine the rate of inflation in Ethiopia using annual data from the year 1985 to 2018. The study used secondary time series data and applies econometric analysis to identify significant variables in determining inflation both in the long run and short run and descriptive methods of data analysis to identify the trend of inflation and money supply. The finding of this study shows that real interest rate and real effective exchange rate are significant in determining inflation both in the short run and long run. Broad money supply determines inflation only in the long run and gross domestic saving doesn’t determine the rate of inflation both in the long run and short run. The monetary base of the country which is broad money supply has some dispersion or different impact in determining inflation. It has significant impact in the long run but became statistically insignificant in the short run since monetary policy has higher outside lag and needs longer time to affect inflation after increasing money supply. So it is advisable to the policy makers to find the right balances whether money supply permanently determines inflation rate or it is insignificance in both short run and long run models.
Abstract: Expansion is one of the major macro-economic issues which determine the better functioning of the economy. Additionally, it leads a multi-dimensional effect on the overall social, economic, financial, mechanical and political affairs of the country. To come with this problem, the study focuses on the identification and assessment of variables which...
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Examination of Urban Agriculture Contribution to the Household Livelihood Outcome the Case of Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
Desalegn Degu Tebeje,
Sitota Getachew Bokore
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
133-141
Received:
10 December 2019
Accepted:
14 October 2020
Published:
16 December 2020
Abstract: The general objective of this study is to examine the contribution of urban agriculture to the household livelihood in case of Bahir Dar city in Ethiopia. The motive for this study were the problems of unemployment, growing poverty, hunger, poor diets, bad air condition, depression as well as the special opportunities provided by the city including the growing demand for food, proximity to markets and availability of cheap resources such as urban organic wastes. The study used both primary and secondary data source. Stratified quota sampling was used by the study to collect primary data. Average annual urban agricultural net revenue per capita was taken as a common measure of all urban agricultural outcomes for target predictor’s. Other predictor variables that assumed to be the determinant of urban agriculture contribution also included in the model. Binary logistic regression technique is used to estimate the logit coefficient. The studies found that the greater correlation of livelihood security’s with average annual urban agricultural net revenue per capita than average annual non- urban agricultural net revenue per capita. The correlation between food, economic, education, health and empowerment security with average annual urban agricultural net revenue per capita were about 0.29, 0.6, 0.19, 0.21 and 0.22 respectively. This target explanatory variable was positive significant effect for food security dependent variable at 5% significance level and at its mean value the probability of more food security agreement were about 0.77, while other predictors also held at their mean value. Finally, this studies paper suggests that urban agriculture helps for household livelihood outcome of food, education, health, empowerment and economic security and should be considered in urban planning.
Abstract: The general objective of this study is to examine the contribution of urban agriculture to the household livelihood in case of Bahir Dar city in Ethiopia. The motive for this study were the problems of unemployment, growing poverty, hunger, poor diets, bad air condition, depression as well as the special opportunities provided by the city including...
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