Research Article
Evaluation of Cardiovascular Disease Indices in Rats Supplemented with Different Brands of Dietary Vegetable Oils
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
1-8
Received:
26 November 2025
Accepted:
30 December 2025
Published:
26 January 2026
Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of commonly used cooking oils on various cardiovascular factors in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty-two Wistar rats were involved in the experiment, averaging three months in age and weighing 140 ± 2.45 g. The oils analysed included Palm oil, Emperor oil, Golden Penny oil, Mamador oil, King's oil, and Power oil, all sourced from different markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Each group of Wistar rats was orally administered with 1.0 ml of their respective oil for 30 days, while the control group received no oil. On the 31st day, after a night of fasting, the rats were anaesthetised, and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture into clearly labelled plain bottles. These blood samples were analysed for lipid profiles using enzymatic methods for the purposes of computing the cardiovascular indices. The cardiac marker CK-MB was evaluated using enzymatic techniques, and cardiac Troponin 1 (cTnI) was measured using the ELISA technique. Results: cTI levels significantly increased in the Golden Penny and Power oil groups at (p = 0.0195) compared to the control. CK-MB levels were significantly elevated in the Mamador oil and Emperor oil groups at (p = 0.0090). The Castelli Index 1 increased substantially in the Palm oil and Power oil groups, but decreased significantly in the King’s oil group compared to the control group at (p = 0.0184). Conclusion: The impact of various cooking oils on cardiovascular parameters in Wistar rats differs by brand. This implies that the choice of cooking oil should be based on an informed decision, rather than relying on labels.
Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of commonly used cooking oils on various cardiovascular factors in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty-two Wistar rats were involved in the experiment, averaging three months in age and weighing 140 ± 2.45 g. The oils analysed included Palm oil, Emperor oil, Golden Penny oil, Mamador oil, King's oil, and Pow...
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Research Article
The Impact of Non-traditional Socioeconomic and Environmental Variables on Health Care Risk Adjusment in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis
Adamu Daniel Kamaru*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
9-12
Received:
23 October 2025
Accepted:
6 November 2025
Published:
19 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbls.20261401.12
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Abstract: Health care risk adjustment models have traditionally relied on demographic and clinical variables such as age, gender, and disease conditions to predict health expenditures. However, these conventional approaches often fail to capture the influence of broader socioeconomic and environmental factors that shape population health outcomes, particularly in developing countries. This study investigated the impact of non-traditional variables such as income level, educational attainment, housing quality, employment type, and environmental exposure on health care risk adjustment in Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, data were collected from both national health databases and household surveys covering 2,100 respondents across six geopolitical zones. Multiple regression and variance analyses were conducted using SPSS to determine the predictive significance of these non-traditional variables on health expenditure risk scores. The results reveal that education, income inequality, and environmental conditions have statistically significant effects on health risk adjustment, improving model accuracy by approximately 18% compared to conventional demographic only models. The findings highlight the need for Nigeria’s health financing frameworks to incorporate non-traditional variables into risk adjustment algorithms to promote fairness and efficiency in resource allocation. Policymakers are encouraged to adopt a multidimensional health risk model that integrates social determinants of health to strengthen the equity of Nigeria’s healthcare reimbursement system.
Abstract: Health care risk adjustment models have traditionally relied on demographic and clinical variables such as age, gender, and disease conditions to predict health expenditures. However, these conventional approaches often fail to capture the influence of broader socioeconomic and environmental factors that shape population health outcomes, particular...
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