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Review Article
Significance of Artificial Insemination over Natural Mating in Poultry and the Risks of Post-Insemination Physical Trauma
Helen Aklilu*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
1-4
Received:
6 December 2024
Accepted:
26 December 2024
Published:
16 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbls.20251301.11
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Abstract: Artificial insemination (AI) is a key reproductive technology in modern poultry farming, offering significant advantages over natural mating. It enhances genetic selection, reproductive efficiency, and disease control while minimizing physical interaction between birds, thereby improving biosecurity. AI allows for precise selection of superior traits, optimizing productivity and genetic diversity. However, improper techniques and frequent insemination can lead to physical trauma, reproductive organ injuries, and stress in hens, which may impact welfare and productivity. Ensuring best practices in AI, such as trained personnel, hygienic procedures, and appropriate insemination frequency, is critical to mitigating these risks. This paper explores the benefits of AI in poultry production, emphasizing its role in genetic improvement, biosecurity, and reproductive efficiency. Additionally, it assesses potential risks, particularly post-insemination trauma, and discusses mitigation strategies to enhance animal welfare. The study highlights AI’s role in overcoming natural mating limitations, including size incompatibilities and reduced fertility in aging breeder males. Despite its advantages, AI requires careful management to balance productivity gains with ethical considerations. Addressing these concerns through proper training, ergonomic equipment, and welfare monitoring ensures AI’s sustainable application in poultry farming. As AI continues to evolve, integrating welfare-focused practices will be essential to maintaining both productivity and ethical standards in poultry breeding.
Abstract: Artificial insemination (AI) is a key reproductive technology in modern poultry farming, offering significant advantages over natural mating. It enhances genetic selection, reproductive efficiency, and disease control while minimizing physical interaction between birds, thereby improving biosecurity. AI allows for precise selection of superior trai...
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Research Article
Genetic Variability and Heritability Study in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.) Germplasm in Relation to Yield and Yield Components
Welde Ketema*,
Diriba Beyene,
Obsi File,
Milkinesh Tujuba
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
5-13
Received:
13 December 2024
Accepted:
30 December 2024
Published:
16 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbls.20251301.12
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Abstract: Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is a self-pollinating crop belonging to the Poaceae family. It is a highly nutritious cereal cultivated primarily in Eastern and Central Africa and South Asia. Despite its importance as a source of dietary fiber, minerals, and sulfur-containing amino acids, finger millet research has been limited. This study examined the genetic variability and heritability of finger millet germplasm collected from Ethiopia to assess its potential for yield improvement. Thirty-six finger millet germplasm accessions along with one local variety (Gudetu) were evaluated for yield and yield components in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) at the Uke research and demonstration site of Wollega University during the 2021 main cropping season. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P < 0.001) among genotypes for all eight traits assessed: days to 95% maturity, grain yield, plant height, 1000-seed weight, finger length, number of productive tillers per plant, number of fingers per main ear, and finger weight per plant. This genetic variation indicates the potential for improvement through breeding programs. The estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV) provided insights into the influence of environmental factors on trait expression. PCV values were consistently higher than GCV values for all traits, suggesting a moderate environmental influence. Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from 25.8% for the number of fingers per plant to 99.9% for days to maturity. These values suggest that most traits are moderately to highly heritable, indicating the potential for genetic improvement through selection. Grain yield exhibited the lowest genetic advance (0.63%), while finger weight per plant displayed the highest (63.2%). These findings suggest that finger weight may be a more effective target for improvement in finger millet breeding programs compared to grain yield under the studied conditions. Overall, this study highlights the presence of significant genetic variation and moderate to high heritability for yield and yield-related traits in finger millet germplasm. These findings provide valuable insights for breeders aiming to develop improved finger millet varieties with enhanced productivity.
Abstract: Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is a self-pollinating crop belonging to the Poaceae family. It is a highly nutritious cereal cultivated primarily in Eastern and Central Africa and South Asia. Despite its importance as a source of dietary fiber, minerals, and sulfur-containing amino acids, finger millet research has been limited. This study exa...
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Research Article
Resistant Level of Wheat Lines with Known Genetic Stock to Stem Rust in Central and South Eastern Parts of Ethiopia
Tamirat Negash*,
Alemayehu Chala,
Wuletaw Tadesse,
Mohammed Abinas,
Wondwesen Shiferaw
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
14-21
Received:
2 December 2024
Accepted:
18 December 2024
Published:
21 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbls.20251301.13
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Abstract: Wheat rusts caused by Puccinia graminea f.sp Triticiare are among the major biotic constraints of wheat all over the world. Nowadays different stem rust races have evolved and threaten wheat production worldwide, among which Ethiopia is found the most vulnerable. In view of the above facts, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate and identify resistant wheat lines and genes against stem rust in the central and southeastern parts of the country. An inventory of 93 wheat lines, checks, and 17 differential lines was evaluated for stem rust resistance under field conditions of Sinana, Kulumsa, and Debrezeit during the 2015 cropping season. The experiments were laid out in augmented design. Each plot consisted of two rows of 2 m long with 0.2 m between rows. The terminal severity of stem rust varied from 0 to 90S at Kulumsa and it was as high as 60S on the susceptible check cultivar Kekeba at Debrezeit. At Sinana 92% of wheat lines tested exhibited resistance to moderately resistant to stem rust, with a coefficient of infection ranging from 0 to 30. At Debrezeit 49% of wheat lines were resistant and moderately resistant to stem rust. Wheat lines, PavonSr 24+ Sr 31+Sr 50, WHEAT (westonia+ Sr B, WestoniaSr 50+ Sr 26, WestoniaSr 24+ Sr 26, AngasSr 32, Shorima, Sr 50+Sr 45 # 28, Sr 22/CO 1213, PavonSr 24+ SR 26+Sr 31, Sr 45/Kulin, Sr 33+Sr 45 #23, Sr 33+Sr 45 #36, PavonSr 26+ SR 31, WestoniaSr 24+ Sr 31, PavonSr 24+ Sr 31, GatoSr 50, Sr 50+Sr 45 # 5, WestoniaSr 24+ Sr 50, PavonSr 24+ Sr 50 and SA 8123 (Sr B) were resistant to stem rust at field condition of all locations and hence, they could be exploited in wheat improvement programs at national level.
Abstract: Wheat rusts caused by Puccinia graminea f.sp Triticiare are among the major biotic constraints of wheat all over the world. Nowadays different stem rust races have evolved and threaten wheat production worldwide, among which Ethiopia is found the most vulnerable. In view of the above facts, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate and ...
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Research Article
Studies on Carrageenan Induced Inflammation in Wistar Rats Treated with Gongronema latifolium Aqueous Leaves Extracts (Utazi)
Emilia Chika Nwankwo*,
Emmanuel Iroha Akubugwo,
Stanley Chukwuma Okereke,
Samuel Chukwuemeka Meludu,
Pricilla Ifeoma Ezeugwunne,
Aaron Chinomso Friday,
Christian Ejike Onah,
John Kennedy Nnodim,
Ikedichukwu Chibueze Ejiogu,
Sebastine Okechukwu Nwoko,
Serah Wuruola Nnaemeka,
Charles Chijioke Dike,
Emmanuel Nonso Ezeokafor,
Cynthia Ngozi Chuka-Onwuokwu,
Akpoghene Eyeghre Onoriode,
Cordelia Uchechukwu Nsofor
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
22-30
Received:
26 September 2024
Accepted:
23 November 2024
Published:
7 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbls.20251301.14
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Abstract: AIM: The aim of this research study is to evaluate the ameliorative effects of aqueous solvent extracts of dried leaves of Gongronema latifolium preparations on liver enzymes- alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and lipid profile concentration- total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein on carrageenan induced inflamed female wistar rats. Materials and Method: Inflammation (rat paw oedema) was induced by injection of carrageenan into sub-plantar region of rat right hind paw. The paw sizes were measured using electronic Vernier caliper after 3 hours for confirmation of swelling (oedema) and along with behavioural and physical changes of these female wistar rats such as pain, flinching of their legs, redness, heat, leaking of their paws with tongues at interval. Forty female wistar rats were used for this study. The female wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of 8rats in each group and were sub divided into two groups for biochemical studies on 7th day and 14th day. Results: For the liver enzyme: This study showed that serum ALP concentration of the Negative control group decreased significantly (p‹0.05) at 7th day when compared to the Normal control group. While the serum ALP concentration of 20mg/kg ibuprofen group increased significantly (p‹0.05) at 7th day; aqueous extract 250mg/kg group and aqueous extract 500mg/kg group increased significantly (p›0.05) at 7th day when compared with the negative control group. The serum GGT concentration of Ibuprofen 20mg/kg group increased significantly (p‹0.05). This study showed that serum GGT concentration of the Negative control group decreased but not significantly (p›0.05) when compared to the Normal control group. While serum GGT concentration of Ibuprofen 20mg/kg group increased significantly (p‹0.05) at 14th day when compared to the Negative control group. More also serum GGT concentration of aqueous extract 500mg/kg group increased significantly (p›0.05) at 14th day when compared to the Negative control group. Furthermore, serum TG concentration of the Negative control group decreased but not significantly (p›0.05) at 14th day when compared to the Normal control group. While serum TG concentration of aqueous extract 250mg/kg group, aqueous extract 500mg/kg group and Ibuprofen 20mg/kg group decreased but not significantly (p›0.05) at 14th day when compared with the Negative control group. Conclusion: From the results of my findings in this research study, the changes in concentration of the liver enzymes and lipid profiles parameters was as a result of the treatment given to this female wistar. The implication of this findings suggest that dried leaves aqueous extracts of Gongronema latifolium may be used as novel drug like the synthetic drug (ibuprofen)in the treatment and management of inflammatory diseases that affects the lipid profile concentration and liver enzymes concentration.
Abstract: AIM: The aim of this research study is to evaluate the ameliorative effects of aqueous solvent extracts of dried leaves of Gongronema latifolium preparations on liver enzymes- alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase and lipid profile concentration- total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein on carra...
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Research Article
Bacteriological Profile, Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections
Salifou Traoré*,
Ousmane Dembélé,
Madou Traore,
Kateneme Seydou Ouattara,
Oumar Berthé,
Siaka Coulibaly,
Aly Diallo,
Bathio Traoré,
Moussa Diassana,
Bernard Coulibaly,
Ahmadou Dembélé,
Abdou Dolo,
Moussa Kanté,
Soumaila Traoré,
Moussa Coulibaly,
Ternan Traoré,
Luka Diarra,
Hassan Souleymane
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
31-35
Received:
17 November 2024
Accepted:
28 November 2024
Published:
10 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbls.20251301.15
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Abstract: Our objective was to know the bacteriological profile of nosocomial infections and determine the risk factors in order to effectively fight against this scourge. Descriptive and retrospective study carried out in our department from April 30 to December 31, 2023, i.e. a period of 8 months. A total of 105 patients operated on for clean surgery were enrolled with a sex ratio of 9.5 ∕1 in favour of male sex. They came from the Sikasso region and the neighbouring countries (RCI and B Faso). Average age: 54.77±21.70 (3-85 years). Antibiotic prophylaxis based on ceftriaxone or Amoxy Clavulanic Acid instituted in all our patients. 15/105 developed a nosocomial infection, i.e. an incidence of 14.28%. The two types of infection are: Surgical site infection SSI, which is the predominant form with a rate of 73.30%, followed by infection associated with urethral catheterization, i.e. 26.66%. Cytobacteriological analysis of the samples made it possible to isolate germs in 13 patients, while they were sterile in the other two. These E Coli and K Pneumonia germs have been shown to be sensitive to imipenem, amikacin and fosfomycin. Length of stay, history of bladder catheterization and classic open surgery were proven risk factors. Nosocomial infection remains a real public health problem. Fighting against this scourge requires the establishment of regular monitoring system and good prevention policy based on strengthening hygiene and aseptic measures, promoting rational prescribing and combating self-medication.
Abstract: Our objective was to know the bacteriological profile of nosocomial infections and determine the risk factors in order to effectively fight against this scourge. Descriptive and retrospective study carried out in our department from April 30 to December 31, 2023, i.e. a period of 8 months. A total of 105 patients operated on for clean surgery were ...
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