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Research Article
Performance Evaluation of Coffee (coffea arabica L.) Selections on Growth and Yield in Southern Ethiopia
Meseret Degefa*
,
Habtamu Gebreselassie,
Dejene Bekele,
Kidist Shewangezaw,
Wondagegnehu Gebretsaddik,
Ketema Manaye,
Leta Ajema,
Rahil Mengestu
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
18-25
Received:
18 December 2024
Accepted:
2 January 2025
Published:
17 April 2025
Abstract: Ethiopia is the center of origin and has a varied genetic foundation for Arabica coffee, but there is still a lack of yield-competitive enhanced varieties, which is why the average productivity in the country is significantly lower than the global average. The average national productivity is quite low as a result. To find high-yielding coffee for commercial usage, it may be helpful to further assess the performance of the top-performing selections for growth and yield characteristics at the full bearing stage. Therefore, it is crucial to create pure line coffee types that are stable, disease resistant, and high yielding in order to close this gap and increase coffee productivity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the genotypes of pure lines coffee for yield and yield components. In order to illustrate the growth and yield characteristics of eleven Arabica pure line coffee genotypes and three standard checks, the experiment was carried out at Awada, Leku, and Wonago. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used to carry out the experiment between 2015 and 2020. Data were gathered on plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, length of the longest primary branch, number of main stem nodes, stem girth, internode length on the main stem, canopy diameter, number of nodes on longest primary, and yield per hectare. The findings showed that there were differences between the growth features. Total plant height (1.88–3.34 m), stem diameter (2.93–4.42 cm), canopy diameter (153.58–195.17 cm), number of main stem nodes (30.47–42.00), primary branch number (59.93–82.93), secondary branch number (12.97–37.80), average length of primary branches (92.50–116.10 cm), and number of nodes on longest primary (18.43–29.07) at Awada. Stem diameter (2.78–4.20 cm), canopy diameter (171.19–216.33 cm), number of main stem nodes (29.27–34.93), inter node length on the main stem (4.99–6.77 cm), number of primary branches (55.67–119.67), number of secondary branches (37.80–76.53), average length of primary branches (90.73–125.07 cm), and number of nodes on longest primary (22.27–61.67) of the plant are all measured at Leku. The number of main stem nodes (27.02-31.13), inter node length on the main stem (6.82 - 14.83 cm), number of primary branches (54.00 - 60.93), number of secondary branches (10.73 - 23.73), average length of primary branches (90.20 - 102.40 cm), stem diameter (2.97 - 3.64 cm), canopy diameter (149.67 - 202.17 cm), and number of nodes on longest primary (20.00 - 25.40) are all measured at Wonago. According to the study's findings, pure line selection 9634 (1684 kg/ha) had the highest overall yield per hectare, followed by 9615 (1671 kg/ha) and 85298 (902 kg/ha), which had the lowest. Awada, Leku and Wonago, there will be a better probability of getting improved pure line Arabica coffee varieties inside south Ethiopian producing climate. To suggest an appropriate and stable pure line variety for coffee growers in the South, the experiment should be conducted again at a different representative trial site.
Abstract: Ethiopia is the center of origin and has a varied genetic foundation for Arabica coffee, but there is still a lack of yield-competitive enhanced varieties, which is why the average productivity in the country is significantly lower than the global average. The average national productivity is quite low as a result. To find high-yielding coffee for ...
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Review Article
Review on Effect of Seed Sources and Sizes on Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Production in Ethiopia: Review
Dinku Atnafu*,
Zemed Wobale
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
26-34
Received:
18 December 2024
Accepted:
5 January 2025
Published:
28 April 2025
Abstract: A significant legume crop in Ethiopia, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is essential for food security, nutrition, and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. While there are a number of factors that affect faba bean output, seed sizes and sources have a big impact. In order to give a thorough understanding of these factors, this study synthesizes research data from other studies to investigate the effects of various seed sources and seed sizes on Ethiopian faba bean yield. The potential for production, disease resistance, and adaptation of the faba bean cultivars is significantly influenced by the seed source. Locally adapted seed variations, which are often generated from farmers' own harvests, are generally more resistant to local environmental variables and pests than imported seed varieties. However, locally sourced seeds might occasionally be of uneven quality, which can have a detrimental effect on crop performance. On the other hand, it has been shown that improved seed types have higher yields and are more resistant to disease, which can increase overall production even if they are typically more expensive. The size of the seeds has a major impact on faba bean yield as well. Larger seeds tend to generate robust seedlings and greater germination rates, both of which are necessary for achieving optimal yields. Tiny seeds may occasionally be more appropriate for specific local growing conditions for farmers who have limited access to larger, superior seed varieties. This review describes how maximizing the production of faba bean types can be achieved by selecting the appropriate seed size while accounting for local environmental considerations. This review examines how selecting the appropriate seed size while accounting for local environmental conditions can optimize faba bean yield variations. To boost Ethiopian faba bean productivity, seed size and seed supply must be adjusted. Further research is required to assess the long-term impacts of varying seed sizes and sources under various agro-ecological zones in order to improve the stability and sustainability of faba bean yields throughout the nation.
Abstract: A significant legume crop in Ethiopia, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is essential for food security, nutrition, and the livelihoods of smallholder farmers. While there are a number of factors that affect faba bean output, seed sizes and sources have a big impact. In order to give a thorough understanding of these factors, this study synthesizes res...
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Research Article
Establishment of Real-Time Fluorescence Detection Method for Carnation Etched Ring Virus
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
35-40
Received:
2 May 2025
Accepted:
13 May 2025
Published:
16 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20251002.13
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Abstract: Carnation etched ring virus (CERV; genus Caulimovirus, family Caulimoviridae) is a destructive plant pathogen subject to stringent global phytosanitary regulations due to its severe impact on carnation production. As a quarantine organism in multiple countries, including Madagascar and Peru, CERV poses significant risks to international horticultural trade, particularly through asymptomatic infections in propagated planting materials. Current diagnostic challenges, such as the limitations of conventional PCR in balancing speed and sensitivity, underscore the urgent need for robust detection tools to prevent transboundary spread. This study aimed to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay to enhance phytosanitary screening during port inspections. Targeting a conserved region within the CERV genome (GenBank AJ853858.1, positions 1500–1808), two primer pairs and four probes were systematically evaluated to optimize detection efficiency. The finalized assay demonstrated a sensitivity threshold of 3×10³ copies/μL, comparable to conventional end-point PCR, while significantly reducing processing time. Specificity testing confirmed no cross-reactivity with taxonomically related viruses, including Carnation ringspot virus, Cowpea mosaic virus, Cauliflower mosaic virus, and Carnation latent virus, ensuring reliable discrimination. Thermal cycling conditions were streamlined to a 40-cycle protocol with denaturation at 95°C (10 s), annealing at 56°C (15 s), and extension at 60°C (20 s), enabling completion within 90 minutes. This advancement provides a high-throughput solution for regulatory agencies to intercept contaminated consignments efficiently, addressing critical gaps in existing phytosanitary frameworks. By combining rapid turnaround with robust accuracy, the assay strengthens global efforts to safeguard carnation cultivation from CERV-induced losses. Its implementation in trade inspections is particularly vital for detecting latent infections in asymptomatic plant tissues, a major route of pathogen dissemination. The study underscores the importance of molecular innovation in supporting sustainable agriculture and international biosecurity networks, advocating for the integration of such tools into standardized phytosanitary protocols.
Abstract: Carnation etched ring virus (CERV; genus Caulimovirus, family Caulimoviridae) is a destructive plant pathogen subject to stringent global phytosanitary regulations due to its severe impact on carnation production. As a quarantine organism in multiple countries, including Madagascar and Peru, CERV poses significant risks to international horticultur...
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Research Article
Evaluating Lowland Coffee Genotypes Against Coffee Blotch Miner (Leucoptera caffeina) in Southwestern Ethiopia
Tamiru Shimales*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
41-45
Received:
19 April 2025
Accepted:
9 May 2025
Published:
18 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20251002.14
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Abstract: Coffee is a vital crop in Ethiopia. The perennial and evergreen nature of the Coffea arabica favors attack by a number of insect pests. However, is lack of insights into the plant - pest interaction on Arabica coffee genotypes, which is important for the possibility of developing tolerant cultivar/s as management option. The aim of the current study was to investigate the reaction of coffee blotch miner Leucoptera caffeina against lowland coffee genotypes. Seven treatments were used in this experiment and arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. On three branches, we counted the total number of leaves, as well as the number of leaves damaged. Severity was estimated by following the infested leaf area per total leaf area based on the leaf midrib recorded during data collection. In regard to the aim the reaction of lowland coffee genotypes to the insect were significantly different in damage level. The percentage of infested leaves by coffee blotch miner varied strongly among the genotypes at Agaro with 6.80% to 42.42% of the leaves attacked in 2021/22, 18.61% to 73.54% in 2022/23. The maximum severity (22%) was recorded from I2 coffee genotypes in 2023. The pests also showed remarkable differences in their seasonal dynamics. From evaluated lowland coffee genotypes 42.86% resulted greater than 30% severity and 57.14% grouped under same group (<20% severity). Based upon the results, various infestation levels was observed among the evaluated coffee genotypes at Agaro, this indicated the existence of genetic variation in response to the pest damage. Therefore, future research works should be focused on characterizing and identify biochemical and secondary metabolites of low infested coffee genotypes against coffee pests. As breeding strategies recognizing coffee genotypes that exhibit tolerant to coffee pest is crucial for ensuring sustainable coffee production amid the evolving challenges posed by pests and climate change.
Abstract: Coffee is a vital crop in Ethiopia. The perennial and evergreen nature of the Coffea arabica favors attack by a number of insect pests. However, is lack of insights into the plant - pest interaction on Arabica coffee genotypes, which is important for the possibility of developing tolerant cultivar/s as management option. The aim of the current stud...
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Research Article
Reaction of Limmu Coffee Genotypes Against Coffee Berry Moth and Coffee Blotch Miner at Field Condition
Tamiru Shimales*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
46-50
Received:
12 April 2025
Accepted:
28 April 2025
Published:
23 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20251002.15
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Abstract: Coffee is one of the most important commodities and cultivated in various agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. The perennial and evergreen nature of the Coffea arabica favors attack by several insects, diseases, mites, and some gastropods. The aim of the current study was to investigate the reaction of coffee berry moth (Prophantis smaragdina) and blotch miner (Leucoptera caffeina) against Limmu coffee genotypes on naturally infested coffee at Agaro and Gera sub centers. Eleven coffee genotypes were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications were used and carried out for two consecutive years. Berry damaged by coffee berry moth, and severity of coffee blotch miner was used during data collection. Four coffee trees per row were systematically selected. The severity of infested leaves by coffee blotch miner varied among the genotypes, with 5.0% to 29.44% of the leaves damaged in 2022 and 1.11% to 6.78% in 2023. In 2023 coffee blotch miner damage was much lower (<6%) as compared to 2022 growing season. In 2023 the same coffee genotype (‘75227’) the damage has been able to decrease by 50%. In 2022 the lowest (3.10%) and highest (31.66%) mean damage was recorded due to coffee berry moth. In 2023 the maximum and minim damage level by coffee berry moth was 1.11% (L20/03) and 54.13% (L02/03), respectively. Coffee berry moth and blotch miner is one of economically important insect pest of Arabica coffee in Ethiopia. Based upon this study, various damage levels was observed among the Limmu coffee genotypes, this could be an interesting direction for future research works to develop resistant or tolerant coffee varieties against coffee pests as one component of integrated pest management option. Future research works should be focused on characterizing and identify biochemical and secondary metabolites of low infested coffee genotypes which could use as an important traits for hybridization.
Abstract: Coffee is one of the most important commodities and cultivated in various agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. The perennial and evergreen nature of the Coffea arabica favors attack by several insects, diseases, mites, and some gastropods. The aim of the current study was to investigate the reaction of coffee berry moth (Prophantis smaragdina) and blotch mi...
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Research Article
Evaluation of Tuber Yield Performance and Stability Analysis of Irish Potato (Solanum tubersum L.) Genotypes Using AMMI and GGE Biplot at Bale High Lands, South Eastern Ethiopia
Gemechu Ejigu*,
Getachew Asefa
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
51-59
Received:
19 December 2024
Accepted:
31 March 2025
Published:
23 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpb.20251002.16
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Abstract: Multi-location experiments are commonly conducted in breeding and variety performance evaluation trials to recognize stable genotype(s) with better crop stand in various environments. In this experiment twelve potato varieties were evaluated for stability across locations (Dinsho, Gobba and Sinana) in Bale Zone from 2021 to 2023 cropping season. The experiment used genotype and environment as treatments, year for replications. For this experiment design RCBD with three replications were used. The results of the AMMI ANOVA revealed that potato tuber yield were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by genotype-environment interaction. This indicates that genotypes exhibits difference in tuber yield performance across varied ecologies. The result of sum squares explained presented that genotype (72.80 %) and environment (16.16%) were the leading donors to tuber yield difference, whereas the genotype-environment interaction effect (11.04 %) donated smallest to the total tuber yield difference. The AMMI, GGE biplot, and Genotype Stability Index (GSI) analysis revealed that G9 and G2 as highly performed genotypes in tuber yield, indicating high mean performance across tested locations. Thus, G9 and G2 have been selected as the best widely adaptable genotypes for growing in all experimental locations and Similar agro-ecologies.
Abstract: Multi-location experiments are commonly conducted in breeding and variety performance evaluation trials to recognize stable genotype(s) with better crop stand in various environments. In this experiment twelve potato varieties were evaluated for stability across locations (Dinsho, Gobba and Sinana) in Bale Zone from 2021 to 2023 cropping season. Th...
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