-
Research Article
Influence of Plant Density and Fungicides on Downy Mildew (Peronospora Destructor) and Bulb Yield of Onion in Ethiopia
Adina Getinet*,
Desalegn Yalew,
Muluadam Berhan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
100-105
Received:
29 August 2024
Accepted:
19 September 2024
Published:
10 October 2024
Abstract: Onion is a popular vegetable crop, which has been produced for its daily uses and economic benefits. Downey mildew caused by the fungus Peronospora destructor is among the most important yield-reducing factor in onion production. The effect of three different levels of plant population and fungicide frequency with two different fungicides was studied on downy mildew severity and yield of onion. Nineteen treatment of this Experiment included two fungicides mancozeb + metalaxyl and copper hydrox-ide, three different spraying interval with (10 days, 15 days and 21 days) and three level of plant population (0.71, 0.95 and 1.2 million plants/ha). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications for two year at Fogera and for one year at Dera districts of South Gondar zone Ethiopia. Data on disease severity, bulb yield, bulb number and bulb size were recorded during the time of harvest. The price of bulb yield was assessed from the local market and the total price of the yield obtained from each treatment was computed on hectare basis. Input costs like seed, fungicides and labor were converted into hectare basis according to their frequencies used. Fungicides cost was estimated based on the price of the local market. Cost of the labor was in Birr per man-days; cost of spray and spray equipment to spray per hectare were also calculated. Based on the obtained data from the above mentioned parameters economic analysis was performed. The lowest disease severity was recorded in treatment were lowest level of plant population (0.71 million plant/hectare) spraying with fungicide mancozeb + metalaxyl within 15days interval. In this treatment bulb yield and bulb weight were the highest. The economic evaluation showed that the highest net benefit with acceptable marginal rate of return was obtained from T3 (0.71million plants/ha spraying with fungicide mancozeb + metalaxyl within 15days interval).
Abstract: Onion is a popular vegetable crop, which has been produced for its daily uses and economic benefits. Downey mildew caused by the fungus Peronospora destructor is among the most important yield-reducing factor in onion production. The effect of three different levels of plant population and fungicide frequency with two different fungicides was studi...
Show More
-
Research Article
Influence of Planting Date on Potato Yield in Gircha Highland, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
106-114
Received:
25 September 2024
Accepted:
18 October 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
Abstract: Potatoes are the world's fourth most important food crop, with climate, variety, seed quality, planting timing, nutrition, irrigation, pests, illnesses, and weeds all influencing its growth and productivity. Planting timing is critical for maximizing yields since it regulates temperature and light. Planting date effects on potato development and yield were investigated in an experiment at Gircha Farmland, Arba Minch, from February 8, 2020 to August 19, 2020. The impact of planting dates on potato production response was investigated using the Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) model software application program. The experiment used Gudene cultivar potato root crops in Gircha highland plot areas, with gross plot area, rows per plot, length, and spacing. Harvest area was 2.3 m2, with two rows, and soil depth was 15 cm. No additional irrigation was supplied, and 150 kg/ha N and 80 kg/ha P fertilizer was applied. Eight planting dates—February 8, February 18, February 28, March 9, March 19, March 29, April 8, and April 18—were selected for this investigation. The relationship between observed and simulated potato yield performance, with RMSE (7.256), IOA (0.842), and R2 (0.962), and validation values (19.658), IOA (0.827), and R2 (0.974), indicating good agreement. The latest planting date of April 18 marked the pinnacle of potato output. Furthermore, on April 18, 2020, the planting date that was closest to March 30, 2020, the maximum tuber fresh weight of 48.73 mg/ha was recorded, while on February 8, 2020, the minimum tuber fresh weight of 16.08 mg/ha was acquired. Similar to this, the planting date of April 18th yielded the maximum potato production (9746 kg/ha), while February 8th yielded the lowest yield (3215 kg/ha). Gircha's higher rainfall, lowest solar radiation, and warmer temperatures may have contributed to the crop's increased production. Potato planting date significantly affects growth and yield, with April 18, 2020 being the best date for highest yield. Delays in planting led to increased crop growth and production, influenced by rainfall, solar radiation, and mean temperature.
Abstract: Potatoes are the world's fourth most important food crop, with climate, variety, seed quality, planting timing, nutrition, irrigation, pests, illnesses, and weeds all influencing its growth and productivity. Planting timing is critical for maximizing yields since it regulates temperature and light. Planting date effects on potato development and yi...
Show More
-
Research Article
Soil Test Crop Response Based NPS Fertilizer Rates Determination for Maize (Zea mays L.) Production at Sibu Sire District, Western Oromia Region
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
115-121
Received:
4 October 2024
Accepted:
8 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
Abstract: The use of improper fertilizer type and amount, the cultivation of unimproved, low-yielding varieties and poor soil fertility are among the main obstacles limiting the productivity of maize in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. A field trial was therefore initiated to identify economically justifiable amount of NPS fertilizer in Sibu Sire district. The treatments consist of 100% Pc from TSP and 100, 75, 50, 25% Pc from NPS fertilizer with all recommended N fertilizer and control (no fertilizer application). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Limu seed variety was used for the trial. The results of soil samples collected before sowing showed a deficiency in soil chemical properties. Results of agronomic data showed that all Pc rates significantly increased the plant height, cob length, Seeds per cob and grain yield over control. Phosphorus critical level rate of 100% Pc from NPS gave grain yield (7057 kg ha-1), which is not statistically not different from the application of 50, 75 and 100 % Pc from NPS and also 100% Pc from TSP. The application rate of 75% Pc from NPS offered net return of 130045 ETB ha-1 which was substantially greater than the rest of the fertilizer application. Hence, fertilizer application rate of 75% Pc from NPS is more economically beneficial and recommended for maize production in Sibu Sire district. It is important to deal with further awareness creation and demonstrating of the technology for wider popularization.
Abstract: The use of improper fertilizer type and amount, the cultivation of unimproved, low-yielding varieties and poor soil fertility are among the main obstacles limiting the productivity of maize in Ethiopia in general and in the study area in particular. A field trial was therefore initiated to identify economically justifiable amount of NPS fertilizer ...
Show More
-
Research Article
Reaction of Highland Maize Inbred Lines Against Turcicum Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum) Disease Under Artificial Inoculation
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
122-129
Received:
7 November 2024
Accepted:
20 November 2024
Published:
7 December 2024
Abstract: Maize is one of the most extensively grown crops in Ethiopia and the rest of the world. However, the maize production in Ethiopia is mainly threatened by the major foliar diseases like turcicum leaf blight (TLB), which cause up to 62.4% yield loss. To develop TLB-resistant maize varieties, it is important to look for resistant inbred lines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the reaction of the highland maize inbred lines against TLB disease under artificial inoculation. Eighty inbred lines were obtained from the highland maize breeding program based at Ambo Agricultural Research Center (AARC). The experiment was arranged in a row-column design with two replications. The experiment was established at the AARC TLB screening maize pathology dedicated disease nursery field in the 2022 maize cropping season. The inbred lines were artificially inoculated using TLB disease inoculum. A scale of 0 to 9 was used to score, and the TLB disease severity was recorded four times at ten-day intervals starting from the disease onset. Disease data were analyzed using R-software version 4.0.5. The severity of the TLB disease was significant among the inbred lines. Accordingly, out of 80 genotypes screened for TLB Inbred lines coded as IL1-IL4 were resistant whereas IL5-IL22 were selected as moderately resistant.
Abstract: Maize is one of the most extensively grown crops in Ethiopia and the rest of the world. However, the maize production in Ethiopia is mainly threatened by the major foliar diseases like turcicum leaf blight (TLB), which cause up to 62.4% yield loss. To develop TLB-resistant maize varieties, it is important to look for resistant inbred lines. Therefo...
Show More
-
Research Article
Evaluation of Released Coffee Varieties in Jinka-South Omo Coffee Growing Areas, South Western Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
130-134
Received:
19 September 2024
Accepted:
25 October 2024
Published:
9 December 2024
Abstract: South-Omo is one the potential coffee producing areas of south western Ethiopia. However, the coffee producers are still challenging with lack of improved varieties. To overcome this problem and deliver coffee technologies in a short period of time, testing the adaptability of released coffee verities breeding program was designed. The objectives were to test the adaptability of released coffee varieties under Jinka coffee growing area and to identify the suitable varieties and recommend for users. Seven selected coffee varieties and one local check were tested around Jinka area. The experiment was established in 2018. The varieties were tested in replicated trial with completely randomized block design (RCBD) for two constitutive seasons at Shirshir kebele site, South Ari in South Omo. Data were collected for clean bean yield and growth parameters such as number of primary branches and number of fruits per primary branch. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis using SAS software. The significant difference was observed among varieties for yield and yield related traits. Among the tested varieties, Menesibu and Desu showed best adaptability to the area. Generally, Menesibu and Desu were identified as the best adaptable varieties and recommended for further multiplication and distribution for framers and other users.
Abstract: South-Omo is one the potential coffee producing areas of south western Ethiopia. However, the coffee producers are still challenging with lack of improved varieties. To overcome this problem and deliver coffee technologies in a short period of time, testing the adaptability of released coffee verities breeding program was designed. The objectives w...
Show More
-
Research Article
Genetic Variability and Character Association among Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes at Areka, Southern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
135-148
Received:
22 October 2024
Accepted:
12 November 2024
Published:
12 December 2024
Abstract: Evaluating genetic variability among genotypes is vital for identifying superior genotypes because selecting parents who create segregating populations is critical in breeding programs. The current study was done at Areka Agricultural Research Center during the 2020/21 major cropping season, with the goal of estimating genetic diversity and character connection among 25 common bean genotypes. The experiment consisted of two replications of a 5 x 5 simple lattice design. Data were obtained on 12 quantitative parameters, and the analysis of variance revealed extremely significant variations between genotypes for all characters. It demonstrated that genotypes vary significantly. GCV and PCV were highest in plant height, number of pods per plant, biological yield, number of seeds per plant, and seed yield, while lowest in days to flowering and days to maturity. Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, biological yield, and seed yield all showed significant broad-sense heritability (H2) and high predicted genetic advance as a percentage of mean GAM. This suggested the presence of additive gene activity in the inheritance of these traits. The number of major branches per plant, biological yield, days of 50% flowering, hundred seed weight, and harvest index all show a highly substantial and positive link with seed yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. The biological yield and harvest index both have a strong positive direct effect on seed output. As indicated, these traits could be utilized for selection to increase seed output. Based on the D2 value, 25 common bean genotypes were divided into four clusters. Clusters I and IV had the greatest inter-cluster distance (766.78), whereas clusters I and II had the smallest (53.78). Breeding programs could use genotypes from distant clusters to increase variety. Thus, the enormous genetic variation among common bean genotypes must be evaluated for use in common bean breeding efforts.
Abstract: Evaluating genetic variability among genotypes is vital for identifying superior genotypes because selecting parents who create segregating populations is critical in breeding programs. The current study was done at Areka Agricultural Research Center during the 2020/21 major cropping season, with the goal of estimating genetic diversity and charact...
Show More
,
Mintesinot Desalegn
