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Research Article
National Capacity and the Developmental Barriers to Effective Climate Finance in Brazil
Anis Bensadi*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
129-140
Received:
23 October 2025
Accepted:
12 November 2025
Published:
11 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20251006.11
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Abstract: For emerging economies like Brazil, decarbonization represents a core developmental challenge that necessitates the transformation of key economic sectors. While international climate finance is critical for enabling this transition, its actual effectiveness remains poorly understood. This study introduces a novel, multi-sectoral analytical framework to evaluate how climate finance drives decarbonization across Brazil's interconnected energy, agriculture, and water sectors. Our analysis reveals that decarbonization outcomes are not determined by financial inputs alone, but by an integrated system of National Climate Capacity. We find that financial inputs, regulatory quality, and income level form a unified and dominant latent construct, demonstrating that these components are functionally inseparable in driving outcomes. The research uncovers striking sectoral divergence, with agriculture yielding dramatically higher decarbonization returns than energy or water interventions. Furthermore, mitigation finance consistently and significantly outperforms adaptation finance, achieving a substantially higher magnitude of CO2 reduction. These finding challenges core assumptions about the fungibility between finance types. Crucially, we translate these insights into an actionable optimization framework. Using clustering and decision trees, we derive clear, data-driven rules for prioritizing projects such as those in high-regulatory-quality, low fossil-dependence contexts to maximize decarbonization returns. These findings necessitate a paradigm shift from siloed project evaluation toward integrated national capacity building. We provide policymakers with evidence-based investment strategies to transform climate finance into measurable decarbonization progress in Brazil and other major emerging economies.
Abstract: For emerging economies like Brazil, decarbonization represents a core developmental challenge that necessitates the transformation of key economic sectors. While international climate finance is critical for enabling this transition, its actual effectiveness remains poorly understood. This study introduces a novel, multi-sectoral analytical framewo...
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Research Article
Exploring Vehicle-Induced Turbulence as a Supplemental Energy Source for Sustainable Urban Infrastructure
Muhamad Zahim Sujod*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
141-149
Received:
23 October 2025
Accepted:
12 November 2025
Published:
11 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20251006.12
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Abstract: The growing energy requirements of modern urban areas, particularly for public infrastructure such as street lighting and signaling systems, have intensified the need for innovative and sustainable renewable energy solutions. Among emerging concepts, vehicle-induced turbulence (VIT) has gained attention as a potential yet underexplored source of supplemental energy in densely populated urban environments. This study investigates the feasibility of harvesting VIT using vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) strategically integrated into roadside infrastructure to capture the airflow generated by moving vehicles. Unlike conventional power systems that rely heavily on grid electricity or fossil fuels, the proposed approach aims to provide a sustainable and cost-effective solution that reduces both operational expenses and environmental impacts. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted using ANSYS to analyze airflow behavior, pressure distribution, and aerodynamic characteristics around the turbine blades under various flow conditions. The turbine geometry and blade tilt angle were optimized based on the simulated wind velocity profiles derived from real-world vehicle flow patterns. Experimental validation through small-scale prototyping confirmed that optimal airflow angles, particularly around 120°, produce sufficient mechanical torque to rotate the turbine effectively. Results demonstrate that integrating small VAWTs into urban infrastructure, such as lighting poles, highway dividers, and sound barriers, can significantly enhance local energy recovery while improving the reliability of off-grid lighting systems. Overall, this research highlights the promising potential of VIT-based microgeneration systems to complement existing renewable energy sources, contributing to the realization of cleaner, smarter, and more resilient urban energy networks.
Abstract: The growing energy requirements of modern urban areas, particularly for public infrastructure such as street lighting and signaling systems, have intensified the need for innovative and sustainable renewable energy solutions. Among emerging concepts, vehicle-induced turbulence (VIT) has gained attention as a potential yet underexplored source of su...
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Research Article
Relationship Between Income-earned from Sale of Woodfuel and Volume Extracted from Gazetted Forests of Koibatek Zone, Kenya
Keith Kipngetich Rono*
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, December 2025
Pages:
150-161
Received:
7 October 2025
Accepted:
23 October 2025
Published:
19 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijees.20251006.13
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Abstract: Approximately 2 billion people globally rely on woodfuel, that is, firewood, and charcoal to meet their energy needs. The average annual consumption of woodfuel per capita in Africa is 0.89 cubic meters, which is 67.0% of the total energy consumed. In Kenya, 68% of the total energy consumed is woodfuel. Although woodfuel contributes significantly to Kenya's economy, the relationship between the income-earned from selling woodfuel and the extracted volume is largely unexplored. This paper set out to investigate this relationship with particular interests in the gazetted forests of Koibatek Zone in Kenya. The research study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. All the eight gazetted forest blocks within the zone were purposively selected and, stratified random sampling was used to sample 384 woodfuel extractors as respondents within the zone. The primary data collection means included: review of woodfuel extraction registers of licenses, survey of 384 woodfuel extractors, key informant interviews with eight forest officers, eight focussed group discussions, and analysis of satellite images. Secondary data were obtained through critiquing documents of policies, office files, and journals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (i.e., crosstabs and percentages), simple linear regression and Pearson chi-square tests. Qualitative information was tabulated and coded, and the tabulated data was analyzed. It was found that the income-earned through the sale of woodfuel has a significant (p < 0.05) connection with the volume of woodfuel harvested in the gazetted forests. Income-earned from sales could explain approximately 53.1% variation in volume of extracted woodfuel (R2 = 0.531). It was thereby concluded that the amount of woodfuel extracted has a direct significant relationship with income-earned from the sale of woodfuel. It is thus recommendable that the training of woodfuel extractors should be done concerning the laws in place, and the use of sustainable forest management and agroforestry practices should be provided to the extractors. The results of this research are crucial for policymakers at the energy and forestry levels in developing practices that sustain the harvesting and utilization of woodfuel.
Abstract: Approximately 2 billion people globally rely on woodfuel, that is, firewood, and charcoal to meet their energy needs. The average annual consumption of woodfuel per capita in Africa is 0.89 cubic meters, which is 67.0% of the total energy consumed. In Kenya, 68% of the total energy consumed is woodfuel. Although woodfuel contributes significantly t...
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