Research Article
Determination of Sulphur Dioxide Air Emission of Refined Petroleum Products by Emission Factor Approach for Air Pollution Control
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2024
Pages:
46-55
Received:
22 March 2024
Accepted:
7 April 2024
Published:
28 April 2024
Abstract: Air pollution control is a safe method for achieving a sustainable environment and can be accomplished by adequately monitoring pollutants that pose significant environmental risks. The combustion of sulfur-containing petroleum products has been a major concern for several decades. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining sulfur levels in refined petroleum products such as Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Automotive Gas Oil (AGO), and Dual-Purpose Kerosene (DPK). It also investigated the air quality implications of sulfur levels and estimated the contribution of the refinery’s products to sulfur dioxide air emission. Fuel samples were collected from the Warri Refining and Petrochemical Company (WRPC) in Nigeria and analyzed using Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF). Sulfur levels were determined at 425 nm wavelength, and sulfur dioxide air emission were estimated for seven consecutive years from 2010 to 2016 using the emission factor approach. The densities of PMS, AGO, and DPK were 0.77 kg/l, 0.832 kg/l, and 0.82 kg/l respectively. The levels of sulfur in PMS, AGO, and DPK were 2.007 x 10-4 %, 6.970 x 10-5 wt%, and 4.233 x 10-5 wt% respectively from UV-Vis technique and 0.016, 0.087 and 0.029% respectively for EDXRF technique were found below the sulfur limit of 0.015 %, 0.005 % and 0.015 % for PMS, AGO and DPK respectively specified by Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) specifications of 0.1, 0.5 and 0.15wt% for PMS, AGO and DPK respectively. The annual sulfur dioxide emissions were obtained for seven consecutive years from 2010 to 2016. The results from UV-VIS were observed to have the highest SO2 emission of 0.1718 tons for PMS in 2011, 0.2593 tons in 2010 for AGO, and 0.0974 tons for DPK in 2010, while the lowest emission was observed to be 0.029 tons for PMS in 2015, 0.0362 tons in 2015 for AGO and 0.0181 tons for DPK also in 2015. The results from EDXRF technique were observed to have the highest SO2 emission of 13.6939 tons for PMS in 2012, 323.6881 tons for AGO in 2010, and 66.7147 tons for DPK also in 2010, while the lowest emissions for PMS, AGO and DPK were all observed in 2015 to be 2.3122, 45.1872, and 12.4182 tons respectively. The study concluded that the refinery complied with the set requirements.
Abstract: Air pollution control is a safe method for achieving a sustainable environment and can be accomplished by adequately monitoring pollutants that pose significant environmental risks. The combustion of sulfur-containing petroleum products has been a major concern for several decades. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining sulfur levels in ref...
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Research Article
Modelling of CO2 Removal and Capturing Process Using Different Solvents for Al-Halfaya Oil Field to Reduce the Total Emissions
Ali Alkhazrajie
,
Ali Ibrahim Neamah*
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2024
Pages:
56-69
Received:
21 April 2024
Accepted:
27 May 2024
Published:
14 June 2024
Abstract: Since there currently are no financially feasible sources of renewable electricity and since they are readily available and inexpensive, such as coal, fossil fuels; that will remain the primary energy source for decades. Consequently, it is imperative to create technologies that allow for the continued use of fossil fuels whilst reducing the amount of CO2 released into the environment. In order to lower atmospheric emissions, CO2 should be captured from sources of emissions. Increased oil recovery, ocean or subsurface storage, or perhaps both, might be accomplished using the recovered CO2. Extracting high-purity CO2 from flue gas, which is present in low concentrations (about 15 percent), is the most difficult step in the CO2 capture process. The process of a selected separation approach will then be thoroughly examined by modeling it utilizing the Aspen Plus program while employing three solvents, including MEA, DEA, and NH3. Additionally, based on the simulation results provided by Aspen Plus, the present research intends to assess the environmental and economic implications of every solvent in order to choose the solvent with the minimum environmental impact and the best economic performance. Also, look at how the final CO2 removal efficacy is affected by the pressure and temperature of the chosen solvents and absorber. According to the findings, DEA solvent outperformed NH3 and MEA in terms of CO2 extraction effectiveness. Additionally, employing NH3 as a chemical solvent does not affect temperature or pressure, but using MEA and DEA negatively influences CO2 extraction efficiency when the temperature is raised. However, when utilizing DEA and MEA as chemical solvents, the pressure of the solvent enhances the rate of CO2 collecting.
Abstract: Since there currently are no financially feasible sources of renewable electricity and since they are readily available and inexpensive, such as coal, fossil fuels; that will remain the primary energy source for decades. Consequently, it is imperative to create technologies that allow for the continued use of fossil fuels whilst reducing the amount...
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