Upgrading of Egyptian Oil Shale Using Enhanced Gravity Separation
Ahmed Yehia,
Fouad I. El-Hosiny,
Suzan S. Ibrahim,
Mohamed A. Abdel Khalek,
Rasha Amin,
Ahmed H. El-Menshawy
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2017
Pages:
1-7
Received:
21 March 2017
Accepted:
14 April 2017
Published:
24 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ie.20170101.11
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Abstract: Egyptian oil shale from Wadii El-Nakhil, Red sea region was upgraded using enhanced gravity separation. The oil shale sample was characterized physically and chemically to determine its mineral content and characteristics. The sample includes quartz, siderite, apatite, anhydrite and calcite. The clay mineral is mainly represented by kaolinite while the organic matter is 30%. The ground sample (less than 50 microns) was classified into two fractions. The coarser was higher than 25 µm while the finer was less than 25 µm. The lower and upper levels of both the centrifugal force and water pressure have been suggested to construct the design for Falcon Concentrator type SB-40. The coarse concentrate of 42% kerogen with 94.35% recovery was achieved at 60 Hz (equivalent to G-force 176) and water pressure of 4 Psi from feed of 29% kerogen. The fine concentrate of 38.46% kerogen with 85.4% recovery was achieved at 70 Hz (equivalent to G-force 243) and water pressure of 2 Psi from feed of 33% kerogen.
Abstract: Egyptian oil shale from Wadii El-Nakhil, Red sea region was upgraded using enhanced gravity separation. The oil shale sample was characterized physically and chemically to determine its mineral content and characteristics. The sample includes quartz, siderite, apatite, anhydrite and calcite. The clay mineral is mainly represented by kaolinite while...
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Assessment of Aflatoxins and Aflatoxigenic Fungi Associated with Dried Vegetables from Selected Markets with in Kaduna Metropolis
Abubakar Nafisa,
Mohammed Sani Sambo Datsugwai,
Ladan Zakari
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2017
Pages:
8-13
Received:
26 February 2017
Accepted:
16 June 2017
Published:
7 August 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ie.20170101.12
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Abstract: Vegetable are considered as the leafy outgrowth of plants shoot used as food. These include those plants or plant part used in making soup or served as an integral part of main meal they are sources of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Drying is a cheap means of preserving vegetables because they are prone to fungi contamination. The assessment of aflatoxigenic fungi associated with dried vegetables (Baobab, Red chilli pepper, Okro and Tomatoes) from selected markets within Kaduna metropolis were investigated. A total of forty (40) samples (ten samples each) of the dried vegetables were analyzed for fungi and total aflatoxin. Fungi were identified and characterized using the conventional and Molecular technique and Total Aflatoxin were identified using Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). The fungi identified were Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. The result of the total aflatoxin revealed that Baobab from Sabo (SB 001) had the highest aflatoxin of 31.6μg/kg while Baobab from Barnawa (BRW 001), with aflatoxin content of 18.80μg/kg. Baobab from Tudun wada (TW 001) with aflatoxin content of 15.00μg/kg, Baobab from Malali (MLL 001) had aflatoxin content of 12.10μg/kg is higher while Baobab from Central Market had aflatoxin of 1.60μg/kg. The vegetable with the highest aflatoxin content is Baobab from Sabo (SB 001) had aflatoxin content of 31.6μg/kg, while Okra from kamazou (KMZ 003) with aflatoxin content of 27.00μg/kg and Red Chilli Pepper from Malali (MLL004) had aflatoxin content of 26.40μg/kg, Tomatoes from Malali (MLL 002) had the lowest aflatoxin content of 6.50μg /kg. These result can serve as baseline for enacting laws and observing the critical control point as the ingestion of such mycotoxins contaminated vegetables have enormous health significance. Because these toxins are capable of causing diseases in man and animals.
Abstract: Vegetable are considered as the leafy outgrowth of plants shoot used as food. These include those plants or plant part used in making soup or served as an integral part of main meal they are sources of nutrients, vitamins and minerals. Drying is a cheap means of preserving vegetables because they are prone to fungi contamination. The assessment of ...
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Unsteady MHD Free Convective Flow Past an Inclined Parabolic Accelerated Plate with Hall Current, Radiation Effects and Variable Temperature in a Porous Medium
Gilbert Magiboi Nalisi,
Jeconia Abongo Okello,
Johana Kibet Sigey,
Mark Erick Mwiti Kimathi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, December 2017
Pages:
14-23
Received:
21 March 2017
Accepted:
25 April 2017
Published:
4 September 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ie.20170101.13
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Abstract: We analyze the effects of hall current and radiation on unsteady hydro magnetic free convection flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid past an inclined parabolic accelerated plate in a porous medium by applying a transverse magnetic field which makes an angle α to the inclined plate. The fluid is assumed to be viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting with a strong magnetic field. Using the modified Ohm’s law and the Bossinesq approximation the governing equations of the problem are reduced to local non-similarity boundary layer equations using suitable transformation. The dimensionless governing equations of flow field are solved numerically by Crank-Nicolson finite difference method for different values of governing flow parameters. The velocity and temperature profiles are shown through graphs.
Abstract: We analyze the effects of hall current and radiation on unsteady hydro magnetic free convection flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid past an inclined parabolic accelerated plate in a porous medium by applying a transverse magnetic field which makes an angle α to the inclined plate. The fluid is assumed to be viscous, incom...
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