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Research Article
Knowledge and Attitude Towards Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Associated Factors at an Adult Endocrine Clinic of SPHMMC Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Selamawit Seifu Hailu,
Robel Habtamu Ababiya*
,
Rediet Ajebu Nurfeta,
Tsion Habtamu Ababiya,
Lijalem Abera Tema,
Bemnet Gossaye Teka,
Bezaye Lemma Deregasso,
Dereje Kebede Shane,
Hundaol Shiferaw Bekele,
Saron Negasi Gidey
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2024
Pages:
22-38
Received:
14 March 2024
Accepted:
3 April 2024
Published:
28 April 2024
Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, is associated with severe complications. Type 2 DM (T2DM), the most prevalent form of DM in adults, is characterized by varying degrees of insulin deficiency or resistance. The prevention or delay of macrovascular and microvascular problems associated with DM depends on achieving appropriate glycemic control. The percentage of T2DM patients failing to reach glycemic targets keeps rising even with the expanded availability of numerous anti-hyperglycemic drugs and evidence-based treatment guidelines. The delay in treatment intensification despite inadequate glucose control—often referred to as clinical or therapeutic inertia-contributes significantly to this trend. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the understanding and perceptions of insulin therapy among patients with T2DM. The study focuses on patients under follow-up care at the Adult Endocrine Clinic of St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College. Method and Material: An institutional-based, cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March 2021 to evaluate knowledge and attitudes regarding insulin therapy and related factors. A structured questionnaire was used for interviews with a representative sample of 271 T2DM patients who are receiving follow-up care at the endocrine clinic at SPHMMC. The SPSS, version 25, was the software utilized. The statistical significance of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables was assessed using a 95% confidence interval and a p-value less than 0.05. Results: The majority of the respondents were between the ages of 56 and 65, with a mean age of 57.35 years. More than half of the participants, accounting for 231 (85.2%) of the total, were from urban areas. Out of the 271 respondents, approximately 85.6% demonstrated poor knowledge of insulin therapy, and around 37.6% exhibited negative attitudes towards it. Factors such as age, occupation, and a history of long-term Oral Antidiabetic Drug use were found to be associated with the level of knowledge about insulin. In addition to these factors, marital status and a family history of insulin use were found to be associated with patients’ attitudes towards insulin. Conclusions: Our study identified a significant knowledge gap about insulin usage among T2DM patients in the designated study area. We recommend the implementation of regular, structured health education programs, delivered by trained health professionals. This approach is expected to enhance both the knowledge and attitudes toward insulin usage among patients attending follow-up sessions at the SPHMMC diabetic clinic.
Abstract: Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, is associated with severe complications. Type 2 DM (T2DM), the most prevalent form of DM in adults, is characterized by varying degrees of insulin deficiency or resistance. The prevention or delay of macrovascular and microvascular problems associa...
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Review Article
Patient-Driven Solutions: Integrating Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin in Diabetes Management
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2024
Pages:
39-45
Received:
21 February 2024
Accepted:
9 March 2024
Published:
10 May 2024
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an ongoing, chronic and multifactorial condition frequently necessitates multiple anti-hyperglycemic medications for optimal glycemic control. Diabetes rarely occurs in isolation, commonly coexisting with obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and kidney dysfunction. Shared risk factors, such as sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary choices, contribute to the convergence of these health conditions. The interplay between obesity and insulin resistance (IR), a precursor to diabetes, amplifies cardiovascular risks through shared pathological pathways. Addressing this complex interrelation necessitates a holistic approach involving early detection, lifestyle modifications, and comprehensive management to navigate the intricate web of interrelated ailments. Clinical guidelines advocate early adoption of combination therapy. Combining two different therapeutic classes is a promising theoretical strategy for achieving safe and optimum glycemic regulation. Recent research trials combining dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) confirm their safety and clinical efficacy and consequently, this combination emerges as an appealing therapy for T2DM patients, offering a favorable safety profile and positive clinical effects in terms of weight management and cardiorenal protection. This review highlights the utilization of Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin in diabetes management, underscoring their necessity, pleiotropic advantages, and the importance of an individualized, patient-centric approach for optimal outcomes.
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an ongoing, chronic and multifactorial condition frequently necessitates multiple anti-hyperglycemic medications for optimal glycemic control. Diabetes rarely occurs in isolation, commonly coexisting with obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and kidney dysfunction. Shared risk factors, such as sedentary lifestyles...
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Research Article
Risk Factors for Ten-Year Risk of Osteoporosis in Type 2 DM Patients Attending Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Diabetic Center Cross-sectional Study
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, June 2024
Pages:
46-55
Received:
15 May 2024
Accepted:
23 May 2024
Published:
6 June 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijde.20240902.13
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Abstract: Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major contributing factor to osteoporotic fractures via different mechanisms. This study assessed the ten-year risk of osteoporosis and associated factors for osteoporotic fractures in T2DM patients. Methods: Data from 175 type diabetes mellites (T2DM) patients over 40 years attending a diabetes clinic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) were collected. Demographic information, diabetic complications, blood sugar levels, and other medical illnesses were collected by a structured questionnaire and from an electronic medical record system. The 10-year fracture risk assessment (FRAX) tool was used without bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with fragility fractures. Results: Half the participants were female, with a median age of 60. Most were married, well-educated, and urban residents. The median duration of diabetes was 11 years. The median FRAX score indicated a moderate 10-year risk of hip fracture (≥3%) and a high risk of major osteoporotic fracture (≥20%). Overall, 30.9% of patients had a high 10-year risk of osteoporotic fracture. The majority (78.3%) had macrovascular complications, with neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy being the common ones. Higher FBS, higher HbA1c, and the presence of macrovascular complications were significantly associated with a higher risk of fractures. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence (30.9%) of a 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in T2 DM patients. Poor glycemic control (higher HbA1c and FBS) and the presence of macrovascular complications were significantly associated with an increased 10-year osteoporotic fracture risk.
Abstract: Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major contributing factor to osteoporotic fractures via different mechanisms. This study assessed the ten-year risk of osteoporosis and associated factors for osteoporotic fractures in T2DM patients. Methods: Data from 175 type diabetes mellites (T2DM) patients over 40 years attending a diabetes clin...
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