Research Article
Association Between Glycated Hemoglobin and Lipid Biomarkers in Diabetic and Non-diabetic Populations for Type 2 Diabetes Detection
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
1-16
Received:
5 January 2025
Accepted:
21 January 2025
Published:
10 February 2025
Abstract: Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a significant global health concern, necessitating a thorough understanding of its metabolic processes for effective management. The role of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is crucial, particularly in relation to lipid biomarkers, which warrants exploration to enhance early detection and prediction of diabetes risk in individuals. Objective: This study aimed to explore the associations between HbA1c and lipid biomarkers in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals and to identify key predictors of type 2 diabetes. Methods: A case-control study at the Central Hospital of Yaoundé involved 70 type 2 diabetes patients and 67 non-diabetic controls. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, blood pressure, and biochemical markers were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation, multivariate linear and logistic regressions, and LASSO logistic regression. Results: The findings demonstrate a differential relationship between HbA1c and HDL-cholesterol in diabetic and non-diabetic groups, with diabetics exhibiting distinct metabolic profiles illustrated with lipid levels more closely associated with obesity and inflammation. Among non-diabetic participants, HbA1c was significantly inversely associated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.337, p = 0.006), while in diabetic participants, it was positively associated with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.277, p = 0.023). Multivariate linear models indicated that the negative association between HDL cholesterol and HbA1c in non-diabetic participants was glycemia-independent. The predictive model identified HbA1c, age, education level, marital status, HDL cholesterol, and C-reactive protein as key predictors of type 2 diabetes, demonstrating high performance with a pseudo-R-square value of 0.8517, sensitivity of 94.03%, specificity of 96.97%, and an AUC of 0.9948. Notably, the adjusted cutoff value of HbA1c was 7.59%, significantly higher than the unadjusted value of 6.05% (t = 13.52, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The study shows a distinct relationship between HbA1c and HDL-cholesterol, linking diabetes to lipid levels, obesity, and inflammation. These findings emphasize context-specific HbA1c interpretation for better diabetes risk prediction and management.
Abstract: Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a significant global health concern, necessitating a thorough understanding of its metabolic processes for effective management. The role of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is crucial, particularly in relation to lipid biomarkers, which warrants exploration to enhance early detection and prediction of diabetes risk in i...
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Research Article
The Effect of Insulin Glargine in Control of Diabetes Among Sudanese Patients in 2024: A Cross-Sectional Study
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2025
Pages:
17-25
Received:
21 December 2024
Accepted:
6 January 2025
Published:
17 February 2025
Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin production, action, or both. Insulin glargine, a long-acting insulin analog, is widely used for patients who do not achieve adequate glycemic control with oral medications. In Sudan, where diabetes is increasingly prevalent, assessing the effectiveness of insulin glargine is essential to address local healthcare challenges and population-specific needs. This study explored the role of insulin glargine in managing diabetes among Sudanese patients, focusing on its impact on glycemic control, reduction in hypoglycemia, and patient satisfaction. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2023 and March 2024, involving 52 adult diabetic patients using insulin glargine. Data was collected using pre coded and pretested structured online questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 27. All data were summarized in frequency tables. Results: All participants achieved glycemic control after initiating insulin glargine. The frequency of hypoglycemic episodes decreased from 86.5% to 53.8% after insulin glargine use. While 98.1% of participants were satisfied with the treatment, a significant number (76.9%) found the cost prohibitive. Side effects of insulin glargine include hunger (19.2%), sweating (9.6%) and sweating (9.6%), although 38.5% of participants experienced none. Some patients continued to experience diabetes-related complications, including visual and neurological issues. Conclusion: Insulin glargine was effective in improving glycemic control and reducing hypoglycemia, with high patient satisfaction rates. Addressing cost-related barriers and incorporating this treatment into health insurance schemes could enhance diabetes care in Sudan.
Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood sugar levels due to impaired insulin production, action, or both. Insulin glargine, a long-acting insulin analog, is widely used for patients who do not achieve adequate glycemic control with oral medications. In Sudan, where diabetes is increasingly prevalent,...
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Aphrodite Tchewonpi Choumessi
