Research Article
The Impact of Rainforest Vegetation and Water-bodies on Activity Pattern of African Forest Elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Mbam et Djerem National Park, Cameroon
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
19-29
Received:
26 February 2026
Accepted:
9 March 2026
Published:
3 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.eeb.20261102.11
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Abstract: The relationship between rainforest vegetation, water bodies, and African forest elephant activity is complex and crucial to understanding the ecological dynamics within Mbam et Djerem National Park. This study explores the influence of rainforest vegetation and water bodies on the activity patterns of African forest elephants (Loxodonta africana) in the national park. As keystone species, African forest elephants play a critical role in maintaining ecological balance; however, their activities are significantly impacted by habitat characteristics. Utilizing direct observational method, elephant interactions with their environment across different vegetation types and proximity to water sources were examined. The results of this study revealed that vegetation dominance is significantly associated to day-period r=0.174 P<0.05, habitat characteristics X2=18.312 df-=4 P=0.001, water bodies X2=3.316 df=4 P<0.05, and human threats X2=4.388 df=4 P<0.05 respectively. More so, Water bodies equally recorded a significance on habitat type X2=6.771 df=4 P<0.05, and signs of elephant presence X2 = 8.282 df=4 P<0.05. Additionally, Habitat type was significantly linked to signs of elephant presence X2 = 3.3379 df=4 P<0.05. In The research highlights the critical interplay between rainforest vegetation, water bodies, and the activity patterns of African forest elephants in Mbam et Djerem National Park. Also, the research underscores the necessity of preserving these critical ecological components to support African forest elephant populations and promote biodiversity within the region. Ultimately, our findings contribute to the formulation of effective conservation strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse effects of habitat degradation and climate change on these endangered species. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for informing effective conservation strategies aimed at protecting not only the elephants but also the fragile ecosystems they inhabit. Future research should aim to further explore the nuances of these interactions and develop comprehensive management plans that involve local stakeholders, ensuring the sustainability of the park and its remarkable wildlife for generations to come. The integration of ecological knowledge into conservation planning will be paramount in the efforts to safeguard these incredible species and their habitats amidst increasing anthropogenic pressures.
Abstract: The relationship between rainforest vegetation, water bodies, and African forest elephant activity is complex and crucial to understanding the ecological dynamics within Mbam et Djerem National Park. This study explores the influence of rainforest vegetation and water bodies on the activity patterns of African forest elephants (Loxodonta africana) ...
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Research Article
Camera-Trapped Freshwater Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) in Orogun Kingdom, Niger Delta
Israel Omoghene Ogorode*
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
30-40
Received:
21 April 2026
Accepted:
3 May 2026
Published:
22 July 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.eeb.20261102.12
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Abstract: This study investigates the occurrence and ecological significance of Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) within the freshwater swamp forests of Orogun Kingdom in the Niger Delta, a region experiencing significant anthropogenic pressure but lacking adequate wildlife documentation. The study aimed to: verify the identity of a suspected antelope species initially thought to be Nyala, assess the habitat characteristics of the species and evaluate local ecological knowledge regarding its presence. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, including: camera-trap image analysis, expert-based species identification, field habitat assessment, reconnaissance surveys, semi-structured interviews with 30 hunters across 12 forest-intersecting, communities, comparative observations were also conducted in Okomu National Park. The findings confirmed the species as Sitatunga, a swamp-adapted antelope associated with hydromorphic environments. It was found in habitats characterized by high humidity (above 77%), annual rainfall of 1,600–2,950 mm, and waterlogged alluvial soils. Interview responses indicated low local familiarity with the species, suggesting it is underreported due to its elusive and semi-aquatic behavior. Despite environmental pressures such as oil pollution, flooding, and habitat degradation, the forests of Orogun may serve as refugia for wetland-dependent fauna. Implement targeted conservation strategies for wetland habitats, establish biodiversity monitoring programs, promote community-based awareness initiatives to improve species recognition and conservation efforts.
Abstract: This study investigates the occurrence and ecological significance of Sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii) within the freshwater swamp forests of Orogun Kingdom in the Niger Delta, a region experiencing significant anthropogenic pressure but lacking adequate wildlife documentation. The study aimed to: verify the identity of a suspected antelope species i...
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