American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering

Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015

  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy Analysis and Chemical Composition of Ngaoundere, Cameroon Honey

    Cheh Auguistine Awasum, Sandra Leila Monkam Fotzo, Julius Awah Ndukum, ChintemWilliams Denbon Genesis, Andre Zoli

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 33-36
    Received: 3 August 2015
    Accepted: 22 August 2015
    Published: 16 September 2015
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    Abstract: The investigation was carried out to determine the possible chemical components and quantity of the component present in honey using GC-MS analysis. Traditionally the natural honey are used in the treatment of ulcers, wound healing, swells, asthma, cough, hyperacidity, leprosy, diuretic, antimicrobial, jaundice, diuretic activity, hypolipidemic eff... Show More
  • Using Soursop Extracts for Natural Gout Treatment

    Mufeed Jalil Ewadh, Maha Fadhil Smaism, Ali Mohammed Jawad, Samr Mkhlof, Osama Muzahim Aljubouri, Muna Mufeed Ewadh

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 37-39
    Received: 27 July 2015
    Accepted: 5 August 2015
    Published: 17 September 2015
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    Abstract: Soursop extract used to show its effects on the xanthine oxidase activity by inhibition its ability to produce uric acid, the principal reason for the gout and other inflammatory diseases. The fractionation results shows that the major fraction of phenolic compounds is cumarin separated by revise phase high performance chromatography (HPLC) which s... Show More
  • Isolation and Identification of Dibenzothiophene Biodesulfurizing Bacteria

    Majid Hussein Al-Jailawi, Albab Fawaz Al-Faraas, Abdelghani Ibrahem Yahia

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 40-46
    Received: 31 August 2015
    Accepted: 13 September 2015
    Published: 26 September 2015
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    Abstract: This study aimed to obtain efficient bacteria capable of desulfurizing dibenzothiophene (DBT). For this purpose forty oil contaminated soil samples were collected from different sites in Iraq. It was found that three isolates (M9, M19 and S25) had the ability to desulfurize DBT (cleave C-S bond) and converted it to 2-hydroxybiphenel (2-HBP) or othe... Show More
  • Molecular Approaches for Understanding of the Uterine Malignant Mesenchymal Tumours

    Takuma Hayashi, Akiko Horiuchi, Kenji Sano, Nobuo Yaegashi, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Ikuo Konishi

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 47-49
    Received: 9 September 2015
    Accepted: 21 September 2015
    Published: 9 October 2015
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    Abstract: Sarcomas are neoplastic malignancies that typically arise in tissues of mesenchymal origin. The identification of novel molecular mechanisms leading to mesenchymal transformation and the establishment of new therapies and biomarker has been hampered by several critical factors. First, this type of malignant tumour is rarely observed in the clinic w... Show More
  • Composition and Abundance of Benthic Macro-invertebrates in Freshwater Earthen Ponds of Noakhali District, Bangladesh

    Sakalin Chakma, Md. Mofizur Rahman, Masuma Akter

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 50-56
    Received: 6 September 2015
    Accepted: 25 September 2015
    Published: 10 October 2015
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    Abstract: The composition and abundance of benthic macro-invertebrates in freshwater fish ponds of Noakhali region were analyzed for a period of six month (December-May, 2012). Experimental ponds were categorized as culture, household and derelict and samples were drawn every week during the entire study period using an Eckman grab with dimension of 15.2×15.... Show More
  • Functional Annotation and Classification of the Hypothetical Proteins of Neisseria meningitides H44/76

    Archana Singh, Bharti Singal, Onkar Nath, Indrakant Kumar Singh

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 57-64
    Received: 28 August 2015
    Accepted: 22 September 2015
    Published: 13 October 2015
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    Abstract: Neisseria meningitides is a parasitic gram-negative bacterium of the family Neisseriaceae (Proteobacteria) and it causes many human diseases including meningitidis and septicemia. One of its strains, H44/76, has natural transformation capacity, thus it is important to identify possible novel drug targets and to develop serogroup B vaccines against ... Show More
  • Morphological Studies on Epididymis and Vas Deferens of One - Humped Camel Bull (Camelus dromedaries), Uda Ram and Red Sokoto Buck

    Muhammad Abdullahi Mahmud, Josephat Onu, Sani Abdullahi Shehu, Aminu Umaru, Abubakar Danmaigoro, Mohammed Shaibu Atabo

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 65-71
    Received: 6 September 2015
    Accepted: 21 September 2015
    Published: 13 October 2015
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    Abstract: This study was aimed at comparing morphology of the epididymis and vas deferens of One - humped Camel bull (OCB), Uda ram (UR) and Red Sokoto buck (RSB). Fifteen testes and vas deferens were collected, organs grossly examined, measured for weight or length and processed for histology. In OCB, epididymal tail was the largest of the three segments wh... Show More
  • Proximate, Mineral Composition, Phytochemical Constituents and Characterization of Oil of Citrullus Lanatus Seeds

    Uzama Danlami, Bwai David Machan, Magu Joshua, Kabir Musa Galadanchi, Oloninefa Stephen Dare

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 72-75
    Received: 3 September 2015
    Accepted: 17 September 2015
    Published: 14 October 2015
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    Abstract: The proximate, mineral compositions, phytochemical constituents and characterization of oil of Citrullus Lanatus were investigated. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy was employed in determining the mineral composition of the oil, while standard methods were employed in carrying out the proximate, phytochemicals and characterization of the oil. The pro... Show More
  • Phytochemical, Nutritional and Antimicrobial Screening of Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Ethanolic Extracts of Boswellia Dalzielii Leaves and Bark

    Uzama Danlami, Gbubele Joseph Daniel, Bwai Machan David, Kabir Musa Galadanchi

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 76-79
    Received: 4 September 2015
    Accepted: 19 September 2015
    Published: 14 October 2015
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    Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the medicinal values of Boswellia dalzielii plant by carrying out the proximate analysis, antimicrobial screening and phytochemical constituents of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of the plant. Standard methods were used for the proximate and phytochemical screenings. W... Show More
  • Simultaneous Administration of Aqueous Extract of Rosmarinus officinal with Nicotine Resulted in Prevention of Induced Hepatorenal Toxicity in Guinea Pigs

    Azab Elsayed Azab, Mohamed Omar Albasha

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 80-86
    Received: 5 September 2015
    Accepted: 10 October 2015
    Published: 22 October 2015
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    Abstract: Rosemary extracts have a high scavenging capacity of different types of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, mostly free radicals. The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of aqueous extract of rosemary as a natural source of antioxidants to minimize the harmful effects of nicotine induced hepatorenal toxicity in Guinea pigs. In this s... Show More
  • Phytochemical Screening, Proximate Analysis and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Ripe and Unripe Plantain Powder of Musa paradisiaca and Musa accuminata

    Uzama Danlami, John Joseph Ijoh, Bwai Machan David

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 87-90
    Received: 3 September 2015
    Accepted: 13 October 2015
    Published: 24 October 2015
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    Abstract: The objective of the research work was to compare the phytochemical constituents, macronutrients and the antioxidant activities of two species of the unripe and ripe methanolic extracts of Musa paradisiaca and Musa accuminata flour. The phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures, while the radical scavenging ability was carri... Show More
  • Histological Changes in Calcium Regulating Endocrine Gland (Ultimobranchial) After Dimethoate Exposure in Freshwater Catfish Heteropneustes Fossilis

    Rakesh Kumar Pandey, Vijai Krishna Das

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 91-98
    Received: 14 September 2015
    Accepted: 30 September 2015
    Published: 28 October 2015
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    Abstract: Ultimobranchial gland in fishes is associated primarily with calcium regulation. The study was aimed to find effect of an organophosphate pesticide dimethoate on serum Ca2+ and ultimobranchial gland in freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Fish were exposed to dimethoate at 2.24 mg/l (75% of 96 h LC50) for short-term (24, 48, 72 and 96 h), an... Show More
  • Use of Energy Healing Medicine Against Escherichia coli for Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Reaction and Biotyping

    Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 99-105
    Received: 8 October 2015
    Accepted: 19 October 2015
    Published: 16 November 2015
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    Abstract: Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections are the major health concern, as it causes infections in human mainly in urinary tract, ear, and wound infections. The present study evaluates the impact of biofield energy treatment on E. coli regarding antimicrobial sensitivity assay, biochemical study and biotype number. Four multidrug resistant (MDR) clinic... Show More
  • Physical, Thermal, and Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Energy Treated Potato Micropropagation Medium

    Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Khemraj Bairwa, Snehasis Jana

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 106-113
    Received: 8 October 2015
    Accepted: 19 October 2015
    Published: 16 November 2015
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    i.e. control and treated. The control group was remained as untreated, while the treated group was received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment. Finally, both the samples (control and treated) were evaluated using various analytical techniques such as X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis- differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), UV-Vis spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis showed the crystalline nature of both control and treated samples of PMM. The X-ray diffractogram showed the significant increase in the intensity of XRD peaks in treated sample as compared to the control. The XRD analysis revealed 6.64% increase in the average crystallite size of treated PMM with respect to the control. The DSC analysis showed about 8.66% decrease in the latent heat of fusion in treated sample with respect to the control. The TGA-DTA analysis exhibited about 4.71% increase in onset temperature of thermal degradation after biofield treatment with respect to the control, while the maximum thermal degradation temperature (Tmax) was also increased (5.06%) in treated sample with respect to the control. This increase in Tmax might be correlated with increased thermal stability of treated sample as compared to the control. The UV spectroscopic study showed the slight blue shift in λmax of treated sample with respect to the control. FT-IR spectrum of control PMM showed the peak at 3132 cm-1 (C-H stretching) that was observed at higher wavenumber i.e. at 3161 cm-1 in the treated sample. Other vibrational peaks in the treated sample were observed in the similar region as that of the control. Altogether, the XRD, DSC, TGA-DTA, UV-Vis, and FT-IR analysis suggest that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has the impact on physicochemical properties of PMM. This treated PMM might be more effective as a micropropagation medium as compared to the control. Abstract: Potato Micropropagation Medium (PMM) is the growth medium used for in vitro micropropagation of potato tubers. The present study was intended to assess the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of PMM. The study was attained in two groups i.e. control and treated. The control group was remained as... Show More
  • Fatty Acid Composition of Erythrocytes and Blood Plasma in Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

    Alexander Osipenko

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 114-117
    Received: 1 December 2015
    Published: 1 December 2015
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    Abstract: This paper focused on analysis of fatty acids of erythrocytes and blood plasma in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. For the study, fatty acids ethyl esters, obtained during sample preparation from blood plasma and erythrocytes, were analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-W... Show More
  • Advances on the Probiotic Function of Fermented Lactic Acid Bacteria

    Liu Shan-na, Li Yun, Sun Xi, Wang Na, Li Zhi-wen

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 118-122
    Received: 1 December 2015
    Published: 1 December 2015
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    Abstract: Probiotics are current research focus in biotechnology. Their functions in maintaining balance of intestinal microbiota, regulating immune systems and preventing infection of intestinal pathogens have been proved. This article reviewed types and characteristics of probiotics from fermented foods, discussed advances of these probiotics in intestinal... Show More
  • Characterization of ATP-binding Cassette Transporter Genes in Silkworm, Bombyx Mori

    Fengpeng Li, Xuefang Wang, Ying Xu, Jinmei Wu

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 123-133
    Received: 3 December 2015
    Published: 3 December 2015
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    Abstract: Background: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are transmembrane proteins that utilize the energy of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding and hydrolysis to transport various substrates across extra and intracellular membranes, including metabolic products, lipids and sterols, and drugs. They play important roles in various processes of life, e... Show More
  • Progress of Research on Spatzle and Toll Signaling Pathway in Insects

    Ji Liu, Jinmei Wu

    Issue: Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2015
    Pages: 134-141
    Received: 3 December 2015
    Published: 3 December 2015
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    Abstract: Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth. Contrary to the vertebrates, insects have no acquired immunity, and to resist the invasion of external microbes, they can only rely on their own innate immunity. Innate immunity is the first line of defense in organisms. When microbia invade, a group of germline-encoded pattern recognition rec... Show More